Nick Joaquin, byname of Nicomedes Joaquin, (born May 4, 1917, Paco, Manila, Phil.

—died
April 29, 2004, San Juan, Phil.), Filipino novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, and biographer
whose works present the diverse heritage of the Filipino people.
Joaquin was awarded a scholarship to the Dominican monastery in Hong Kong after publication
of his essay “La Naval de Manila” (1943), a description of Manila’s fabled resistance to 17th-
century Dutch invaders. After World War II he traveled to the United States, Mexico, and Spain,
later serving as a cultural representative of the Philippines to Taiwan, Cuba, and China.

Starting as a proofreader for the Philippines Free Press, Joaquin rose to contributing editor and
essayist under the nom de plume “Quijano de Manila” (“Manila Old-Timer”). He was well
known as a historian of the brief Golden Age of Spain in the Philippines, as a writer of short
stories suffused with folk Roman Catholicism, as a playwright, and as a novelist.

The novel The Woman Who Had Two Navels (1961) examines his country’s various heritages. A
Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1966), a celebrated play, attempts to reconcile historical events
with dynamic change. The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay on History as Three Generations (1983)
presents a biography of Benigno Aquino, the assassinated presidential candidate. The action of
the novel Cave and Shadows (1983) occurs in the period of martial law under Ferdinand Marcos.
Joaquin’s other works include the short-story collections Tropical Gothic (1972) and Stories for
Groovy Kids (1979), the play Tropical Baroque (1979), and the collections of poetry The Ballad
of the Five Battles (1981) and Collected Verse (1987). Joaquin’s later works are mostly
nonfiction, including Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young (1990), The D.M. Guevara
Story (1993), and Mr. F.E.U., the Culture Hero That Was Nicanor Reyes (1995).