ABSTRACT

Oil cooling is the use of engine oil as a coolant,

typically to remove surplus heat from an internal
combustion engine. The hot engine transfers heat
to the oil which then usually passes through a
heat-exchanger, typically a type of radiator known
as an oil cooler. The cooled oil flows back into the
hot object to cool it continuously.

Engine Oil Cooling System

Assignment no. 2
 Lahore School of Aviation
The University of Lahore

Assignment Topic

Engine Oil Cooling System

Program: BS Aviation Management Semester: 3rd

Course: Aero Engines
Instructor: Sir Shahrukh Zaidi
Assign. No: 2nd Date: 30/10/2019
Group Members:

 Romaisha Shabbir
 Umair Rauf
 Saira Sohail
 Tooba Tariq
 Naba Saleem

Remarks:_____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Marks: / 10

____________________
Instructor’s Signature
 Table of Contents

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Cooling System ........................................................................................................................... 3
Necessity of Cooling System ...................................................................................................... 3
Requirements Of Efficient Cooling System ............................................................................... 3
Oil cooling ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Engine Oil cooling Systems ............................................................................................................ 4
Automative Engine Oil System .................................................................................................. 4
Heat Transfer to Oil .................................................................................................................... 4
Heat Exchangers ......................................................................................................................... 5
Advantages ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Disadvantages ................................................................................................................................. 7
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 7
References ....................................................................................................................................... 8
 Piston Engine Oil Cooling System

Introduction

Cooling System

A system, which controls the engine temperature, is known as a cooling system.

Necessity of Cooling System
The cooling system is provided in the piston engine for the following reasons:

• The temperature of the burning gases in the engine cylinder reaches up to 1500 to 2000°C, which
is above the melting point of the material of the cylinder body and head of the engine. (Platinum,
a metal which has one of the highest melting points, melts at 1750 °C, iron at 1530°C and
aluminium at 657°C.) Therefore, if the heat is not dissipated, it would result in the failure of the
cylinder material.
• Due to very high temperatures, the film of the lubricating oil will get oxidized, thus producing
carbon deposits on the surface. This will result in piston seizure.
• Due to overheating, large temperature differences may lead to a distortion of the engine
components due to the thermal stresses set up. This makes it necessary for, the temperature
variation to be kept to a minimum.
• Higher temperatures also lower the volumetric efficiency of the engine.

Requirements Of Efficient Cooling System

The two main requirements of an efficient cooling system are:

1. It must be capable of removing only about 30% of the heat generated in the combustion chamber.
Too much removal of heat lowers the thermal efficiency of the engine.
2. It should remove heat at a fast rate when the engine is hot. During the starting of the engine, the
cooling should be very slow so that the different working parts reach their operating temperatures
in a short time.
Oil cooling
Oil cooling is the use of engine oil as a coolant, typically to remove surplus heat from an internal
combustion engine. The hot engine transfers heat to the oil which then usually passes through
a heat-exchanger, typically a type of radiator known as an oil cooler. The cooled oil flows back
into the hot object to cool it continuously.

Engine Oil cooling Systems

Automative Engine Oil System

Lubricating moving parts in the engine, preventing premature wear of bearings, shafts etc. are the
main functions of oil system. Engine oil also cools some of the components which are not possible
to cool with water, protect components against corrosion and rust. The function of the oil pump is
to draws oil from the oil sump through a tube and pumps the oil through a filter to clean the oil.
To control the oil pressure in the engine, there is a pressure relief valve after the pump. The valve
can route oil directly back to the sump or the pump inlet and in that way regulate the pressure in
the lubrication channels. The oil travels through the channels usually cast in the engine block and
head. Cross-drillings are present to supply oil from the channels to the main bearings and camshaft
bearings. The drillings in the crankshaft also supply oil to the connecting rod bearings. More
passages are present in order to supply oil to other moving parts in the engine. From each lubricated
surface the oils gravity fed back to the pump system.

Heat Transfer to Oil

In an internal combustion engine the main sources of heat transfer to the engine oil are the pistons,
friction between moving parts. Pistons are the only oil cooled components in the engine that takes
up heat directly from the combustion process. When the piston is forced down, the fuel in the
combustion chamber gets ignited some of the energy is converted to mechanical energy. Then a
big portion of the remaining heat is dissipated into the exhaust gas, and gets evacuated from the
combustion chamber via the exhaust valve. The remaining heat is transferred, through convection
and radiation, to the parts that are next to combustion chamber. The main components which make
up the combustion chamber are the cylinder head, the cylinder block and the pistons depicted in
Fig.1. They take up heat from combustion chamber. Cylinder head and the cylinder block are
cooled by the water cooling system while the pistons are cooled by the engine oil.

Fig. 1. Cross section of engine cylinder.

Heat Exchangers

The basic explanation for how a heat exchanger functions is that one warm and one cold medium
flows close to each other, with a surface between them. The hot medium transfers thermal energy
to the cold medium. This makes the cold medium warmer and also warm medium cooler, and
therefore a heat exchange has been made. This is a method to exchange heat between two mediums
without mixing them. The heat transfer in a heat exchanger depends on the following aspects:

 The type of heat exchanger, material and design.

 Difference in temperature for the two mediums.
 Mass flow to the heat exchanger inlets.
  Turbulence or laminar flow in the mediums.
 Thermal conductivity of the flowing mediums in the heat exchanger.

Fig.2. Thermal Conductivity of heat exchanger materials

Advantages

 Oil has a higher boiling point than water, so it can be used to cool items at a temperature of
100 °C or higher. However, pressurized water-cooling may also exceed 100 °C.
 Oil is an electrical insulator, thus it can be used inside of or in direct contact with electrical
equipment such as in transformers.
 Oil is already present as a lubricant, so no extra coolant tanks, pumps nor radiators are required
(although all of these items may need to be larger than otherwise).
 Cooling water can be corrosive to the engine and must contain a Corrosion inhibitor or rust-
inhibitor, whereas oil naturally helps to prevent corrosion.
 Thus, if through a gasket failure, coolant oil should enter, say, the combustion chamber or the
sump, this would be a mere inconvenience; but if coolant water should similarly leak,
substantial engine damage might occur.
Disadvantages

 Coolant oil may be limited to cooling objects under approximately 200–300 °C, otherwise the
oil may degrade and even leave ashy deposits.
 Pure water may evaporate or boil, but it cannot degrade, although it may become polluted and
acidic.
 Water is generally available should coolant need to be added to the system, but oil may not be.
 Unlike water, oil may be flammable.
 The specific heat of water or water/glycol is about twice that of oil, so a given volume of water
may absorb more engine heat than can the same volume of oil.
 Therefore, water may be a better coolant if an engine is permanently producing large amounts
of heat, making it better for high-performance or racing engines.

Conclusion

A cooling system must be provide not only to prevent damage to the vital parts of the engine , but
the temperature of these components must be maintained within the certain limits in order obtain
maximum performance from the engine.
References

 Cimbala, J. Turner, R. (2011). Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, McGraw-Hill,

New York. (ISBN 978-007-132511-0)
 University of technology chalmers. (2012). Design of industrial energy equipment, course
compendium, Department of energy and environment, Göteborg.
 Nag Design of compact plate fin heat exchanger, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
National institute of Technology, Rourkela. Vehicular Engine Design, Springer-Verlag,
Wien. (ISBN 978-3-211-37762-8)
 G. Yuan, X. Neveu, P. Luo, L. Compact heat exchangers, Renewable and sustainable
energy reviews (2011) Piston and engine testing, Viweg+Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart. (ISBN
978-3-8348-1590-3)
 The engine cooling system, Technology transfer systems Inc, Livonia. K. Tschoeke, H.
(2010). Handbook for diesel engines, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (e-ISBN 978-3-540-89083-
6)
 http://www.visordown.com/motorcycle-top-10s/the-10-best-motorcycle-engines--
ever/9854-8.html
 http://bushwhackerair.com/hksspecs.html
 http://victorymotorcycles.com