LAB REPORT # 01

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and their applications in foundry shop

Submitted To:
Engr. FARAZ HUSSAIN
Submitted By:
Metallurgy and Material Engineering, USMAN LIAQAT
University of the Punjab 17MME-S1-313
OBJECTIVE:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and their applications in foundry shop.

HAZARDS:
The word “hazard” is mostly corresponded to the word “risk” which means exposure
to certain dangerous conditions or circumstances which can be harmful for a person. The
hazards can be either physical or health related. These hazards can be of different nature
natures ranging from sharp edges or falling objects to exposure to electric sparks or toxic
chemicals and many other similar situations which can be rather harmful. Some of the
prominent physical and health hazards are as:

 Heavy moving objects

 High intensity lightning
 Molten metals
 Rolling or pinching objects
 Electrical connections
 Sharp edges and cutting tools
 Furnace fumes and harmful dust.
 High temperature and radiations.
 Toxic chemicals

Figure 1 danger/warning signs

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):

For protection against these hazards personal protective equipment or PPE is used.
The main reason for using PPE is to avoid exposure to the hazards. Personal Protective
Equipment” means all equipment (including clothing affording protection against the
weather) which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work and which protects him
against one or more risks to his health or safety, and any addition or accessory designed to
meet that objective.

SELECTION OF PPE:

All PPE clothing and equipment should be of safe design and construction, and should be
maintained in a clean and reliable fashion. It is really important that the PPE is usage is handy
and easy to use. But PPE has the serious limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at the
source and may result in employees being exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails.
However,Good ergonomic design can help to minimise these barriers and can therefore help
to ensure safe and healthy working conditions through the correct use of PPE. Workers must
also be trained as:

• When PPE is necessary.

• What type of PPE is necessary?
• How to properly put on, take off, adjust and wear the PPE.
• Limitations of the PPE.
• Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of PPE.

Figure 2: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

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PPE EQUIPMENTS:

Depending on the type of protection an equipment gives and their usage can determine
different types protective equipment. Following are some types of protective equipment.

 Eye and Face Protection

In workshops and industries workers are often exposed to eye and face hazards.
That’s why it is significant to have appropriate face and eye protection measures. So that
workers can avoid potential threats like flying particles or chemical gases or vapours.

Potential face hazards are as follow

• Dust, dirt, metal or wood chips entering the eye from activities such as chipping,
grinding, sawing, hammering, the use of power tools or even strong wind forces
• Chemical splashes from corrosive substances, hot liquids, solvents or other hazardous
solutions.
• Objects swinging into the eye or face, such as tree limbs, chains, tools or ropes.
• Radiant energy from welding, harmful rays from the use of lasers or other radiant
light (as well as heat from molten metal, glare, sparks, splash and flying particles).
Different types of eye and face protective equipment’s are as follow:

Safety goggles:

Goggles, or safety glasses, are forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose or
protect the area surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or chemicals
from striking the eyes. They are used in chemistry laboratories and in woodworking.
These are tight-fitting eye protection that completely cover the eyes, eye sockets and the
facial area immediately surrounding the eyes and provide protection from impact, dust
and splashes.

Figure 3 safety googles

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  Face shields:

Face shields are also a type of face protective equipment their function is similar
to that of safety googles the only difference is that it covers the whole face.A face
shield is a device used to protect wearer's entire face from hazards such as flying objects
andchemical splashes.Face shields are have vulnerable to impacts hence googles are used
in addition for extra protection against impact hazards

Figure 5 face shield Figure 4 face shield

 Laser safety goggles:

These goggles are specially made for eye prevention against high concentration lights
and other harmful rays Laser safety glasses have coloured or special clear lenses that filter
light. They block certain wavelengths of light (either visible or invisible) and allow other
light through. The type of laser safety goggles depends upon the equipment and operating
conditions in the workplace.

Figure 7 laser safety googles Figure 6 laser safety googles

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Welding shields:

Welding is the process of joining two or more parts together by using heat. In welding
as two parts are joint together sparks and intense radiation light is produced which is harmful
the face. Welding shields protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light.
They also protect both the eyes and face from flying sparks, metal spatter and slag chips
produced during welding, brazing, soldering and cutting operations. Welding process results
in production of high intensity light which can be harmful for eye therefore shield masks are
used for protection.

Figure 8 welding shield Figure 9 welding mask

 Head Protection by Safety Helmet:

Safety helmets are often used by workers in field and industries. Wearing a safety helmet or
hard hat is one of the easiest ways to protect head from injury. A head injury can impair an
employee for life or it can be fatal

Figure 10 safety helmet

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 Head protection helmets can give protection against falling objects because they have
resistance to penetration of objects and can absorb shocks. They can also prevent from
collisions with pipes rods and other fixed objects. Possible electrical hazard can also be
avoided with it.

 Foot and arm Protection:

A worker, who faces possible foot or leg injuries from falling or rolling objects or from
crushing or penetrating materials, should wear protective footwear. Also, workers whose
work involves exposure to hot substances/molten metal or corrosive or poisonous materials
must have protective gear to cover exposed body parts, including legs and feet.

Examples of situations in which workers should wear foot and/or leg protection include:

• When heavy objects such as barrels or tools might roll onto or fall on the employee’s
feet.
• Working with sharp objects such as nails or spikes that could pierce the soles or
uppers of ordinary shoes.
• Exposure to molten metal that might splash on feet or legs.
• Working on or around hot, wet or slippery surfaces.
• Working when electrical hazards are present.

Arm protection:

Workers must wear appropriate protection to protect their hand and arm. Potential hazards
include skin absorption of harmful substances, chemical or thermal burns, electrical dangers,
bruises, abrasions, cuts, punctures, fractures and amputations. Hand and arm protective
equipmentincludes gloves, finger guards and arm coverings or elbow length gloves.

Figure 11 Safety Gloves

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Foundry shoes:

When selecting heat-resistant footwear, there are proper boots for specific work
environments. For example, foundry shoes protect the feet of workers handling or pouring
molten metal. They are made so that hot metal cannot lodge in crevices made by eyelets,
tongues or other parts. These foundry shoes work as insulators and shoes have leather or
rubber soles and rubber heels. All foundry shoes must have built-in safety toes.

Figure 12 foundry shoes Figure 13 foundry shoes

 Hearing Protection:

Generally, exposure to loud and high intensity voices can prove to be fatal for human health
longer the exposure to the sounds greater its effect is. These loud noises can cause headache
anxiety and other problems. Therefore, ear protection is required

Some types of hearing protection include:

• Single-use earplugs are made of waxed cotton, foam, silicone rubber or fiberglass
wool.
• Pre-formed or moulded ear plugs must be individually fitted by a professional and can
be disposable or reusable. Reusable plugs should be cleaned after each use

Figure 14 ear muffles Figure 15 ear plugs

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  Body protection:
Workers must wear appropriate body protection while performing their jobs. In industrial and
engineering work bodily hazards cannot be permanently or totally eliminated Body is always
exposed to hazards like cuts, chemical splashes or radiation. Therefore, protection is always
required.

In addition to cuts and radiation, the following are examples of workplace hazards that could
cause bodily injury:

• Temperature extremes
• Hot splashes from molten metals and other hot liquids
• Hazardous chemicals
Body protective equipmentincludes leather apron and body protective suits.

Figure 15 protection suit