Michaela Dale S.

Robledo 14 September 2018

2014 – 57859 PS 1 Stat 193.1 – Labina

3.8 The time to failure in hours of an electronic component subjected to an accelerated life test is shown in Table
3E.1. To accelerate the failure test, the units were tested at an elevated temperature (read down then across).

(a) Calculate the sample average and sample standard deviation

Sample Average: 129.975 Sample Standard Deviation: 8.914084

(b) Construct a histogram

(c) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot

SALD of Time to Failure (in hours) of Electronic Component
(Unit = 1.00)

Stem Leaf
11 | 89
12 | 0112334444
12 | 555556788999
13 | 011133
13 | 677
14 | 00122
14 |
15 | 1
15 |
16 | 0

(Stem Width = 10.00)

(d) Find the sample median and the lower and upper quartiles

Sample Median: 128 Lower Quartile: 124 Upper Quartile: 133.8

***R codes and raw output found on the following page***

> #import data
> library(readxl)
> data <- read_excel("Academics/Stat 193.1/data.xlsx")
>
> #calculate the sample average and sample standard deviation
> mean(data$data)
[1] 129.975
> sd(data$data)
[1] 8.914084
>
> #construct a histogram
> hist(data$data, main="Time to Failure of Electronic Component", xlab= "Number o
f Hours"

> #construct a stem-and-leaf plot

> stem(data$data)

The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |

11 | 89
12 | 0112334444
12 | 555556788999
13 | 011133
13 | 677
14 | 00122
14 |
15 | 1
15 |
16 | 0

> #find the sample median and lower and upper quartiles
> summary(data)
data
Min. :118.0
1st Qu.:124.0
Median :128.0
Mean :130.0
3rd Qu.:133.8
Max. :160.0
3.40 Patients arriving at an outpatient clinic are routinely screened for high blood pressure. Assume that this
condition occurs in 15% of the population.

Let X = proportion of the population with high blood pressure

(a) What is the probability that the third patient of the day has high blood pressure?

𝑃(𝑋 = 3) = 𝑝(1 − 𝑝)𝑘−1 = (0.15)(0.85)2 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟕𝟓

(b) What is the average number of patients that must be seen to find the first patient with high blood pressure?
1 1
𝐸(𝑋) = 𝑝 = 0.15 = 6.7 = 𝟕 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔

(c) If the clinic typically sees 50 patients each day, what is the probability of finding 10 patients with high blood
pressure?
𝑛 50
𝑃(𝑋 = 10) = ( ) (𝑝) 𝑥 (1 − 𝑝)𝑛−𝑥 = ( ) (0.15)10 (0.85)40 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑
𝑥 10

3.41 A stock brokerage has four computers that are used for making trades on the New York Stock Exchange. The
probability that a computer fails on any single day is 0.005. Failures occur independently. Any failed computers are
repaired after the exchange closes, so each day can be considered an independent trial.

Let X = number of computers that fail on one day

(a) What is the probability that all four computers fail on one day?

𝑃(𝑋 = 4) = 𝑝 𝑥 = (0.005)4 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎

(b) What is the probability that at least one computer fails on a day

𝑃(𝑋 > 1) = (0.005) + (0.005)2 + (0.005)3 + (0.005)4 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟎−𝟑

(c) What is the mean number of days until a specific computer fails?
1 1
𝐸(𝑋) = = = 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝑝 0.005

3.44 A lot of size N = 30 contains three nonconforming units. What is the probability that a sample of five units
selected at random contains exactly one nonconforming unit? What is the probability that it contains one or more
nonconformances?

Let X = number of nonconforming unit in the sample

probability that a sample of five units contains exactly one nonconforming unit
25 5
( )( )
4 1
𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 30 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟏
( )
5

probability that a sample contains one or more nonconformances

25 5 25 5 25 5 25 5 25 5
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
3 2 2 3
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1) = 4 1
30 + 30 + 30 + 30 + 030 5
1 4
= 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟐𝟕
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 5 5 5 5
3.48 The billing department of a major credit card company attempts to control errors (clerical, data transmission,
etc.) on customers’ bills. Suppose that errors occur according to a Poisson distribution with parameter 𝜆 = 0.01.
What is the probability that a customer’s bill selected at random will contain one error?

Let X = number of errors that occur

𝑒 −𝜆 𝜆𝑥 𝑒 −0.01 0.011
𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 𝑥!
= 1!
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟕

3.56 A lightbulb has a normally distributed light output with mean 5000 end foot-candles and standard deviation
of 50 end foot-candles. Find a lower specification limit such that only 0.5% of the bulbs will not exceed this limit.

𝑋~𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙(5000, 502 )

𝑃(𝑋 < 𝑋𝑐 ) = 0.005

𝑥−𝜇 𝑋𝑐 −5000
𝑃( < ) = 0.005
𝜎 50

𝑋𝑐 −5000
where = −2.57
50

𝑋𝑐 = 5000 − (50)(−2.57) = 𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟏. 𝟓