SOCIAL ACTION

Made By:
Ryna Fathun Qarib
(E061191051)
Iqlha Diliasta Tampubolon
(E061191096)
Nanda Dieva
(E061191098)

Department of International Relations

Faculty of Social and Political Science
Hasanuddin University
2019
 PREFACE

First of all, we must convey our greatest praise to Allah SWT for his mercy,
we can bring the collective consciousness material and social dynamics into the
paper that we believe will be useful in the future. In addition, this research paper is
one of the many requirements to pass the courses of Indonesian social and cultural
systems. The author also wants to thank everyone involved in making this research
paper, especially all of our friends who are always supportive and very helpful when
we are having problems.

Lastly, we sincerely know that our research papers are still far from perfect.
Therefore, we ask for criticism and suggestion from the reader.

We as writers strongly hope that this paper can greatly help the reader
understand the importance of the collective and dynamic social awareness after
reading this paper.

Makassar, October 2019

Author
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE .............................................................................................................. 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER I ........................................................................................................... 4
BACKGROUND ISSUE ....................................................................................... 4
PROBLEM FORMULATION ......................................................................... 4
STUDYING AIM ............................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1 SOCIAL ACTION .................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 The Purpose of Social Action ......................................................... 5
2.1.2 Characteristic of Social Action ...................................................... 7
2.2 Social Action According to Max Weber ............................................... 7
2.2.1 Types of Social Action................................................................... 11
2.3 Social Action in Indonesia ................................................................... 12
CHAPTER III ..................................................................................................... 15
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 16
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCT ION

1.1 BACKGROUND ISSUE

Every human being must do actions in various forms to fulfill his life's
needs. The action, of course, affects the quality of a person. In some instances, the
actions made by the human beings themselves get in trouble or otherwise. In doing
so, of course, it has a reason to take the action itself. As an example of someone
who likes to help others, because it is based on the wishes of death, he will get a
good place according to his beliefs. The reason for doing an action by humans is
varied depending on the factors that affect it. On the reality of human or individual
thinking each has different forms and methods, thus bringing out different actions
and influencing each other. Sometimes a person's actions relate to or relate to other
people whose meaning is the act of Social Action.

1.2 PROBLEM FORMULATION

a. What is social?
b. What is social action according to Max Weber?
c. How social action that happen in Indonesia?
d. What are the type of social action?

1.3 STUDYING AIM

a. Understand the meaning of social act in Indonesia social and culture

system
b. Knowing the social action according to Max Weber.
c. Knowing the types of social action.
 CHAPTER II
CONTENT
2.1 SOCIAL ACTION

Social action is a human deed or behavior or action that has a specific

purpose. But please note that not all human actions can be in the Social Act, a
human action can be said to be social when done by considering the behavior of
others. For example: Someone was said to learn when friends in their class also
learn. Not only is a student in the classroom said to be learning but when she pays
attention to her teachers and friends who are also studying.

Social actions can also be interpreted as human deeds or behaviors to

achieve their subjective objectives. For example: Since childhood humans have
taken social action, such as dividing food with friends, and giving something to
beggar. Human social action is gained through the learning process and the process
of experience from others. If the social action is considered good, then humans will
do the same actions. If the social action is good and beneficial to others, the longer
the social action can be considered as a habit to be done by all members of the social
group.

Community social action is usually based on the foundation of social

interactions that influence each other's society. This influencing process will then
lead to each other's attitude in need, which then of influencing and requiring
tendency to be defined as social action.

2.1.1 The Purpose of Social Action

The goals of social action are as follows:

 For the individual needs to be fulfilled.

 Spit out all the emotions that are embedded in the individual, as well
as the emotions are both positive and negative.
 As a form of implementation of cultural traits belonging to an
individual.
 Affects other individuals in a community environment.
 Have a value for the community.
 To allow interaction in the community to run properly in accordance
with its function.
 In order to function the values and norms of the society.
 2.1.2 Characteristic of Social Action
Characteristic of social action are as follows:

 Actions performed have subjective meanings or meanings.

 Have a positive influence
 The action is set normatively, meaning that the action is set. The tool
and objectives to be achieved.
 The suitability between the means and the outcome.

2.2 Social Action According to Max Weber

Max Weber was part of a generation of universal scientists in economics

and sociology. However, it seems that Weber has been trapped by sociology. Weber
was a knowledgeable member of his quality as an economist, historian and jurist,
not inferior to his quality as a sociologist. One thing is certain about Weber that
Weber understands the social sciences first as a science that is struggling with
meaning, especially individual meaning or the ways in which a shared culture
(shared culture) affects the action Individuals.

Weber emphasizes action on meaning and understanding to demonstrate the

importance of hermeneutics and phenomenology in social action theory, where
some actors orient the meaning of their social actions, until At some extent, the one
who pays attention to and considers the behavior of other actors, the actor may be
equally agreed in their interpretations of the behavior of other actors, or it could not
be. Weber's view performs understanding through the precision of emphasis on
social conditions, and in the form of other things it puts awareness, conditions of
mind and feeling, as well as the orientation of the actors in the most important focus.

All this things, in turn, inhibits and influences actors perception of how the
Actors act in the world to defend or change the world. This level of integration will
in turn continue to be influenced by dynamic sociation processes involving its
members, whether through the bonds and solidarity built through the rational forms
of joint struggles Against certain enemies or competitors. Socially, in the diverse
modern society actors will face situations filled with the array of actors who have
diverse affiliations, each of which is also involved in a diverse mix of active
relationships, Intersects and overlapping.

Weber explains that the meaningful social action of a human individual is

intended as an act that has subjective meaning aimed at or directed to a person or
other party. The study of sociology here is intended as a study of social action
related to social relations. That is, sociology seeks to do interpretation and
understanding of actions and social relations so that it can give explanations of the
form of cause of consequences relationship that occurs. From this explanation, we
get a sense of the relationship of two basic concepts, namely social action and
interpretation and understanding. The results gained from interpretation and
understanding can explain why one performs actions.

Such actions are characterized or subjective and can be repeated accidental

actions; Because of the influence of the same situation. Starting from the basic
concept, we can see the formulation of some characteristics of sociological
research (object).

a. Real social action that fully contains subjective meanings for

example, social action in order to meet the basic needs of human
beings (eating, drinking, bathing, sexual intercourse, and working).
b. Real social action results in positive influence from one situation and
that is repeated. For example, social action results from interactions
with other people or parties (learning new things, executing superiors,
saving in banks, using contraceptives by married women, and
performing Siskamling's duties).
c. Social action aimed at a person or group of people. For example, the
social action of a person who responds, invites, encourages, governs,
instructs, guides (listens, explains, explains in hopes, and shows and
directs actions).
d. Social action that pays attention to (interests) others. For example,
social actions that meet the needs of others (selling goods and
services, helping with Labor, serving customers, teaching, and
 coaching).
e. Current, past and future social actions. For example, a continuous
social action of a person (working, fulfilling basic needs, such as
eating, drinking, sexual intercourse; working together, getting married
(forming a new family), childbearing).

Social action is a target or object of sociological research, especially

those that have rational (rationale) rationale. Social action is stated to be
subjective and meaningful, as social action is a subjective action that is
biased in nature. Furthermore, Weber suggests a type of rational action
and is stated that the increasingly action is rational and the easier it is to
understand the meaning and direction of each action.
For a more detailed description of the types of rational actions, we
follow along with a description of the following presented.

a. Pure Action
This type of action is performed by actors based on the best chosen
way, to achieve a well-judged goal. The first goal that has been reached
can be used to achieve the next goal. Therefore, the action of the
perpetrator is assessed quite rational, and the meaning of his actions is
easy to understand.
For example, the actions of a civil servant or employee who has a
fixed/monthly income and take home credit for a permanent residence.
Saving action is done to buy motorcycles or car for smooth carrying out
routine tasks/work.

b. Half-pure Action
Here the perpetrators do not fully determine the best way chosen or
most appropriate to achieve the goal. In this case, it is difficult to
distinguish between the way and the objectives to be achieved, but the
action of the perpetrator is still relatively rational though not the first
harmonious because of the chosen way indicates also the desired
 purpose. Action perpetrators are still easily traced meaning.
For example, the action for Provident Living is done by a trader in
order to develop a trading business.

c. Fake Action
In this action, the perpetrator is overwhelmed by the emotions in addition to
having a rational basis anyway. Even the actions of these actors often demonstrate
the nature of Kepura-puraannya. Therefore, social action like this is somewhat
difficult to understand the background and the clothes.. For example, doing
corruption, gambling, and buying lottery lotteries.

d. Traditional Action
In this case, the perpetrator's actions are based on the prevailing habits and
are more referring to past experiences. Interpretation and understanding of this
type of social action is quite-daginable and includes not easy.
For example, fasting, penance, doing tradition ceremony, praying, doing carok in
Madura, and making pilgrimage.

The types of rational action as illustrated above indicate the condition of its
rationality, which is from a very rational to the less rational. Pure action and semi-
pure actions belong to socially rational actions, while unfeigned actions and
traditional actions tend to be less rational.

These rational actions are performed by people in their own groups or

communities and with people or parties outside of their communities. Because of
the rational action it takes place with the fulfillment of meaningful subjective
conditions and the effort to achieve the desired goal.

Social definition paradigms and social facts do have different fundamental

angles of view, as described in the description in advance. However, in research
practice (read: Sociological studies), both interconnected and mutually helpful. This
was done by Weber in the historical and comparative research on the religious
influence on life (behavioral) economics. Weber's work on the social definition
paradigm is initiated by the analysis of social action, but is done on a level of social
fact, which is working with/in the structure, social institution, and social
organization.

2.2.1 Types of Social Action

Weber's thinking of social action helps to improve the understanding of the

character and ability of individual social actors through a typology of the various
ways in which the individual can act in the environment External. Thus, Weber
distinguishes the four different types of social actions that an actor can see,
following four social actions according to Weber

 Rational Action that is Instrumental

Rational action that is instrumental aimed at achieving objectives that are

rationally calculated and sought by themselves by the actor in question. Example:
A student who aspires to become a doctor so that he wants to squeeze the goal of
being snare to study diligently.

 Rational Action based on Value

Rational Action based on Value is an actions taken for the reasons and
objectives that have to do with values that are believed to be personally unaccounted
for prospects that have related to the success or failure of such actions or social
actions Oriented to a social value. Example: a diligent worshipping because he
thinks of the benefits that want to enter the surge and get reward, where prayers
contain religious values.

 Affective Action

The action is determined by the conditions and orientation of the emotional

orientation of the actor. The affective action is done by contrived and based on a
person's feelings or emotions and pretense. This action cannot be understood,
 assessed, or even irrational to think. However, there is surely this kind of affective
social action in society. Example: someone shouted for joy because when
watching Real Madrid as his beloved team wins over the Barcelona dozen.

 Traditional Action

The actions determined by the habits that have been turally decreased. And the
traditional actions determined by the habits that have been turally decreased. A
golong example of traditional social action, such as the existence of a second use to
the Buffalo, the head of the bull, to give security and facilitate a person's rizki.
Belief is like that which belongs in the form of traditional action.

These types tell us about the nature of the actor itself, because the types indicate
the possibility of various internal feelings and conditions, the embodiment of those
actions shows that actors have the ability to Combines these types in complex
internal formations manifested in a form of orientation-orientation grafting to
action.

2.3 Social Action in Indonesia

Social action in Indonesia is a reflection of behavior performed by an

individual/group in the definition of society that is able to direct other individuals
or groups when interacting and can have a great influence on The values in the life
contract of Indonesian citizen. Actions undertaken by individuals and groups in
Indonesia, will only be impacted to the surrounding communities who participate
in the actions that will reflect the attitude of our nation.

As previously described, social action is a human deed or behavior to achieve

its subjective purpose. For example, in our society that has the attitude of mutual
cooperation and high tolerance, since the small Indonesian people have been doing
a social action, among others is dividing food to neighbors, and gave something to
the poor. The social action of Indonesian society is obtained through a traditional
customs or norms, which then it becomes the process of learning and the process of
experience of others. If the social action is considered good, then man will do the
same act. If social action is good and beneficial to others, the longer the social action
can be regarded as a habit to be done by all members of the social group.

Some examples are in the category of social actions in the community,

especially in the daily life of Indonesian people. Among others are as follows;

1. Conduct a worship procession in accordance with the teachings and

guidance of their respective religions.
2. Kiss the parents ' hands when they want to go out of the house.
3. Help others by expecting rewards in the form of material.
4. Doing the Ngaben ceremony on the Balinese community as a form of
respect for people who have passed away.
5. Crying because one of the family members dies.
6. Run out of excitement for getting a perfect exam scores.
7. Give money to the beggars by expecting reward from God.
8. Help the friend to do the task as a form of revenge because it helped when
he was struggling.
9. For the desire to buy a mobile phone can be achieved, someone is willing to
save most of the money to buy the latest mobile phone output.
10. Do worship in the hopes of obtaining reward and heaven from the Lord.
11. Conducting 30 daily studies with the aim to send prayers to deceased people.
12. Pick up the trash that is scattered on the road with a view so that the path
that passes looks clean and no one is wretched because of the garbage.
13. Implement the night Ronda program to anticipate crimes at night such as
house robbery and others.
14. Engage in mutual activities every Sunday with the aim that cleanliness and
environment are maintained.
15. Helping the elderly cross the road to avoid accidents.

The social action in Indonesia is expected to make all the elements that are in
it better. Although there are still many individuals who have not been able to
respond to such actions well. However, the hereditary attitude of the Indonesian
nation is believed to be able to apply how the social action should.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSINGS

Social action contains meaning if it is addressed or takes into account the

existence of others. Social action will only occur when a person or individual
performs an action or in order to fulfill his or her needs. The action will then
affect other individuals if the individual responds to the social action that occurred
to him. However, in acting as a human being who has a conscience and common
sense, all actions undertaken are expected to give and receive positive things.

In short, Social action is an act that affects or is influenced by others.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Max Weber (2009). Sosiologi. Yogyakarta: Putaka Pelajar. hlm. 26.

Ted Bento dan Ian Craib (2009). Filsafat Ilmu Sosial Pendasaran Filosofis Bagi
Pemikiran Sosial. Yogyakarta: Ledalero. hlm. 121.

Bacthiar, Wardi (2010). Sosiologi Klasik Dari Comte hingga Parsons. Bandung:
Remaja Rosdakarya.

Ritzer, G dan Goodman Douglas J. 2005. Teori Sosiologi Modern. Terjemahan

Alimandan. Jakarta.

Weber, Max. (1985). Sosiologi Ilmu Pengetahuan Berparadigma Ganda. (Ed.

George Ritzer). Penyadur: Drs. Alimandan. Jakarta: Rajawali.