Palmr 02 Ratio

PALMR-02 Ratio
1. CORRECT ANSWER: A
Recognition of sources and types of conflict and how to manage them minimizes stress on individual
workers and maximizes goal achievement. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care
by Venzon & Nagtalon 4th Ed Pg. 125)
2. CORRECT ANSWER: B
Conflict that is managed instead of being ignored or suppressed can be used effectively. It can
stimulate competition, identify pertinent differences within the institution, and serve as powerful
motivator for positive change. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon &
Nagtalon 4th Ed Pg. 125)
3. CORRECT ANSWER: C
Avoidance is the method commonly used by groups who do not want to do something that may
interfere with their relationships. Withdrawal behind walls of insulation relieves the necessity of
dealing with situations that would arouse conflict. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality
Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 4th Ed Pg. 127-128)
4. CORRECT ANSWER: D
Well educated, intelligent, creative people in management are at high risk for burnout. They may
become workaholics but get little accomplished, experience chronic fatigue, feel they do not want to
go to work, take increasing amounts of sick time, become negative, blame and criticize others,
engage in backbiting, and talk behind other’s back. The nurse manager can prevent and control
burnout by setting personal and professional goals, establishing priorities, practicing good health
habits and relaxation techniques, improving his/her self-esteem by obtaining the skills she needs,
and using support system. Reaching out and helping the staff is the most effective strategy in
dealing with burn out. Knowing that someone is ready to help makes the staff feel important; hence
her self-worth is enhanced. (Reference: Guide to Nursing Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed
Pg. 416)
Performance appraisal is not only to identify the weaknesses of an employee and to correct that
weakness/mistakes, but also to identify strengths that should be maintained or reinforced to ensure
standards are met. (Reference: Guide to Nursing Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed Pg. 374)
Appraisal is more accurate when data gathered and processed by the immediate supervisor who is
more familiar with the actual performance of the worker. The immediate supervisor is better
equipped to understand each worker. He/she does this by observing, questioning, and listening to
the subordinates being evaluated. The patient can be a source of information about the performance
of the staff but it is never the best source. Directly observing the staff is the best source of
information for personnel appraisal. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by
Venzon & Nagtalon 4th Ed Pg. 139)
Informal appraisal may consist of incidental observation of performance while the worker is engaged
in performing nursing care or by response made by worker duringconferences. Collecting objective
data systematically cannot be achieved in an informal appraisal. It is focused on what actually
happens in the natural work setting. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by
Venzon & Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 128)
The session is private between the manager and the staff and remains to be so when the two
parties do not divulge the information to others. (Reference: Guide to Nursing Management by
Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed Pg. 383-386)
A checklist is a compilation of all nursing performances expected of a worker. The appraiser’s task is
to mark the appropriate column whether the worker does or does not show the desired behaviour.
(Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 129)
The horns error is the opposite of halo error. The evaluator is hypercritical. If the manager is a
perfectionist, she may rate personnel lower than she should. (Reference: Guide to Nursing
Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed Pg. 374)
In consultative system, the manager has substantial confidence in staff associates. Their ideas are
usually sought, and they feel free to discuss their work with the manager. A consultative manager is
almost like a participative manager. The participative manager has complete trust and confidence in
the subordinate, always uses the opinions and ideas of subordinates and communicates in all
directions. (Reference: Guide to Nursing Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed Pg. 284)
Unity of direction is a management principle, not an element of an organizational structure.
(Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3 rd Ed Pg. 43-45)
Staffing is a management function involving putting the best people to accomplish tasks and
activities to attain the goals of the organization. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality
Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 52)
Record of RLE is not required for employment purposes but it is required for the nurse’s
licensure examination. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon &
Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 61)
This step in the recruitment process gives time for the staff to submit all the documentary
requirements for employment. (Reference: Guide to Nursing Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed
Pg. 192-194)
Decentralized structures allow the staff to make decisions on matters pertaining to their practice
and communicate in downward, upward, lateral and diagonal flow. (Reference: Guide to Nursing
Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed Pg. 116-117)
The leftmost box is occupied by the highest authority while the lowest level worker occupies the
rightmost box. (Reference: Guide to Nursing Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed Pg. 128)
Decentralized structures allow the staff to solve decisions by themselves, involve them in decision
making; hence they are always given opportunities to interact with one another. (Reference: Guide
to Nursing Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed Pg. 234-235)
The proper order is counselling or oral warning, written warning, suspension, and dismissal.
(Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3 rd Ed Pg. 138-139)
Dismissal is invoked when all other disciplinary efforts have failed. The disciplinary committee
should be very sure that the cause of dismissal conforms with the criteria of a major discipline
violation as contained in the policy manual. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care
by Venzon & Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 139)
This function is done in team nursing where the nurse is a member of a team that provides care for
a group of patients. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon
3rd Ed Pg. 80-82)
Modular nursing is a modification of team and primary nursing. It differs from team nursing in that
the registered nurse provides direct nursing care with the assistance of aides. Modular nursing is a
variant of team nursing. The difference lies in the fact that the members in modular nursing are
paraprofessional workers. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon &
Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 82)
23. CORRECT ANSER: B
Structure standards include management system, facilities, equipment, materials needed to deliver
care to patients. Rotation of duty is a management system. (Reference: Nursing Management
Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 123)
Process standards include care plans, nursing procedure to be done to address the needs of the
patients. (Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3 rd Ed Pg.
124)
This is a step in a quality control process and not a basic step in the control process. (Reference:
Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 123)
Criteria are specific characteristics used to measure the standard of care.
Purposes of patient records include communication, legal evidence care, education, financial billings.
College students are not allowed to see records, specifically only paramedical students are allowed.
(Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 214)
This refers to an outcome standard, which is a result of the care that is rendered to the patient.
(Reference: Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3 rd Ed Pg. 124)
Span of control refers to the number of workers who report directly to a manager. (Reference:
Nursing Management Towards Quality Care by Venzon & Nagtalon 3rd Ed Pg. 44)
Hard negotiators wants to win and believes that the side that takes an extreme position and holds
out longer benefits more. (Reference: Guide to Nursing Management by Marriner-Tomey 4th Ed Pg.
299)
Other variables, besides independent, may affect the dependent variable. These variables are not
found in the research title but can impact/intervene with the results. These are called extraneous
variables. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for Quality Nursing by Venzon Pg.
60)
Sr. Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model which involves the physiologic mode, self-concept
mode, role function mode and dependence mode.
The most serious disadvantage of this method is accuracy and validity of information gathered
(Reference: Nursing Research Principles and Methods by Polit and Beck 7 th Ed. Pg. 240)
The article is for pediatric patients and may not be relevant for adult patients.
Salary of staff nurses is not an indicator of patient satisfaction, hence need not be included as a
variable in the study.
Likert scale is a 5-point summated scale used to determine the degree of agreement or
disagreement of the respondents to a statement in a study. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing
Research Quest for Quality Nursing by Venzon Pg. 356)
Reliability is repeatability of the instrument; it can elicit the same responses even with varied
administration of the instrument. (Reference: Nursing Research Principles and Methods by Polit and
Beck 7th Ed. Pg. 416)
Sensitivity is an attribute of the instrument that allows the respondents to distinguish differences of
the options where to choose from. (Reference: Nursing Research Principles and Methods by Polit
and Beck 7th Ed. Pg. 428)
Validity is ensuring that the instrument contains appropriate questions about the research topic.
(Reference: Nursing Research Principles and Methods by Polit and Beck 7 th Ed. Pg. 422)
Random sampling gives equal chance for all the elements in the population to be picked as part
of the sample. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for Quality Nursing by Venzon
Pg. 53)
Ethnography is focused on patterns of behavior of selected people within a culture. (Reference:
Nursing Research Principles and Methods by Polit and Beck 7th Ed. Pg. 47)
Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the
behavior of selected people within a culture.
43. CORRECT ANWER: D
There are a few disadvantages in using the interview technique. One would be that it requires more
time for the researcher to locate and interview each person individually; the interpersonal
relationship between the subject and the researcher is different for each interview; and the cost,
time, and effort are greater for the interview as compared with questionnaires. Interviews do not
require a lot of researchers. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for Quality Nursing
by Venzon Pg. 113)
The semantics of asking questions determines responses. Therefore, it is important for the
researcher to not suggest answers to questions. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing Research
Quest for Quality Nursing by Venzon Pg. 114)
The scope is the extent to which the study will be made while the limitation is the perceived
weakness that are discussed and reported. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for
Quality Nursing by Venzon Pg.. 56)
The most common type of instrument is the questionnaire. It is a form prepared and distributed to
secure responses to questions that are intended to obtain information about conditions or practices
on which the respondent is presumed to have knowledge. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing
Research Quest for Quality Nursing by Venzon Pg. 106)
Another term for closed-ended questions are free response questions. (Reference: Introduction to
Nursing Research Quest for Quality Nursing by Venzon Pg. 107)
The two types of reviewed literature are the research and non-research. (Reference: Introduction to
Conceptual model and paradigm are the same. They are concepts that provide a structure or
pattern for organizing phenomena of interest in the practice or research. (Reference: Introduction to
Document analysis is a critical analysis of the content of written and printed materials as sources of
data. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for Quality Nursing by Venzon Pg. 99)
Vignettes are brief descriptions of events or situations to which respondents are asked to react. The
descriptions, which can either be fictitious or based on fact, are structured to elicit information
about respondents’ perceptions, opinions, or knowledge about some phenomenon. (Reference:
Correlational studies deals with the relationship between variables. Directional means the
hypothesis tells what relationship those 2 variables have.
Characteristics of a good research includes: the research question is feasible; the research question
is important; the concept to be studied must relate to observable events; the findings of a good
researchable problem may be generalized in other areas; the purpose of the study is clearly
defined; and the researcher must be interested and qualified to do the study. (Reference:
Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for Quality Nursing by Venzon Pg. 38-39)
The researcher is trying to develop a theory as described in the question. Thus he is doing a
grounded theory research.
The conceptual framework is highly abstract and the theoretical framework is less abstract than the
conceptual framework. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for Quality Nursing by
Venzon Pg. 51)
Observation is frequently used on true experimental researches because it is usually done in a
laboratory setting.
Prospective studies aim to know the relationship of current events to the future. (Reference:
Retrospective studies aims to know the effects of the past to the present. (Reference: Nursing
Research Principles and Methods by Polit and Beck 7th Ed. Pg. 190)
The Hawthorne effect is the result that occurs when subjects change their behaviour because they
aware of being observed. (Reference: Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for Quality Nursing by
Venzon Pg. 176)
The control in an experimental research is the group that is not receiving any interventions from the
researcher hence it is the basis for comparispon of the experimental/manipulated groups.
The halo effect shows that the observer may have the tendency to rate certain subjects as
consistently high or low on everything because of the overall impression the subject gives the rater
A female decedent who has a will before she dies is known as a testatrix the female version of a
testator.
(Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 190)
A person who dies leaving a will is said to have died testate, while one who dies without a will is
said to have died intestate. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 190)
A holographic will is written, dated and signed by the testator himself. (Professional Nursing in the
Philippines by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 191)
The testator for his will to be legal must be of legal age which is 18 years old and above.
Subpoena duces tecum is served to witness requiring him to bring records, papers, and the like
which may be in his possession and may help clarify the matter in issue. (Professional Nursing in
the Philippines by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 196)
Testimony of opinion can only be given by the expert witness who is qualified to testify based on
special knowledge, skill, experience and training. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon
10th Ed. Pg. 196)
A person who does false swearing under oath is liable of perjury. (Professional Nursing in the
Instead of failure to substitute performance, it would breach a contract if there is substitution of
performance. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10 th Ed. Pg. 92)
One should use a clean, white unlined paper. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10 th
Ed. Pg. 78-79)
An interview is a face to face conference between two people about something. An interview
between an applicant and a prospective employer gives both a chance to assess each other.
Ask questions about the job, it may help in deciding if you like the position. (Professional Nursing in
the Philippines by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 82)
Primarily the reason why nurses resign is because they seek better positions either in the Philippines
or abroad. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10 th Ed. Pg. 84-85)
The 1st year of work is usually spent on familiarizing with the work at hand, while the second is
usually spent on finding field of specialization. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon
10th Ed. Pg. 85)
Do not include in the letter hard feelings and disappointments rather express your gratitude to the
institution. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10 th Ed. Pg. 85-86)
Murder is an unlawful killing of a human being with intent to kill. (Professional Nursing in the
Homicide is the killing of a human being by another that might be in the absence of criminal intent
by any person who kills another, other than his father, mother, child or any of his ascendants or
decendants, or his spouse. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10 th Ed. Pg. 187)
The value of medical records is both scientific and legal. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by
Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 176)
Only complete accurate records are accepted by the court. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines
by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 178)
Libel is defamation through written words posting on the internet is an example of such.
Another term for criminal negligence is reckless imprudence or simple imprudence. (Professional
Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 181)
The hallmark of all professionals is their wllingness to accept a set of professional and ethical
principles which they will follow in the conduct of their daily lives. (Professional Nursing in the
One of the general principle of the Code of Good Governance is Integrity and Objectivity.
(Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 127-128)
The clinical instructor is the one who should e directly observing the students in their application of
knowledge through practice. Hence failure to attend to this duty would put the CI liable for any
harm dealt to the patient cared by the student. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon
10th Ed. Pg. 166)
Telephone orders should be signed within 1 day/24 hours. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines
by Venzon 10th Ed. Pg. 173)
The husband and wife must consent to the procedure if the operation is primarily to accomplish
sterilization. (Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Venzon 10 th Ed. Pg. 175)
The alumni assoc. is the 1st organization a nursing graduate joins. (Professional Nursing in the
PNA was organized on Octiber 22, 1922 upon initiation of Mrs. Anastacia Giron Tupaz. (Professional
Curative nursing goal is an action/measure designed to correct/remove diseases/illness.
A board member is appointed in the meantime to fill in a vacancy or perform the duties of an office
in during the absence of the regular incumbent under the Ad interim appointment. (Professional
A democratic leadership style offers and gives suggestions, but lets the whole group do the
planning. Miss B basically exhibits a democratic leadership since she would allow the group decide
and plan for any significant matter in the department.
Miss A used an autocratic leadership style to strictly maintain the control in the department. An
autocratic leader usually gives orders and the one who makes decisions and the planning.
Laissez- faire leadership style provides no control in the team. She may be passive and uninvolved.
This type of leadership style is likely to have chaos within the area of duty since the members work
independently without having prompt directions from the leader.
Personality refers to his personal alertness, creativity, emotional balance and control while
intelligence corresponds to his sound judgement, decisiveness, and knowledge. Flexibility on the
other hand, pertains to his ability to adapt rapidly to changes.
Answers A & B are both roles of a head nurse while representing the organization is the role of top
managerial positions like director of nursing services, chief nurse or deans.
It is both a method of grouping patients and a measuring tool but defines the workload of a nurse to
a specific patient. It usually depends on how complex or simple nursing care needs the patient
require.
Contingency theory is described as a leadership that depends on other factors in the environment
for it to be effective. Option B refers to McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y while option c pertains to
Transformational theory, and option D corresponds to Charismatic theory.
This description corresponds to a mission statement not a vision statement.
Directing means giving instructions, directions, or orders in such a way that a certain goal will be
achieved effectively.
All the statements describe the advantages of a good communication in the organization.

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