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The Urinary System
The Urinary System
Responsible for the elimination of the waste products which is continuously being formed by the cells. (These
waste products have to be removed in order to maintain a state of equilibrium).
Part of excretory system
1
Note: the renal cortex and renal medulla constitute the functional portion or “parenchyma of the kidney”.
3. Renal Pelvis – a funnel shaped structure found at the center of the kidney, and formed by the union of major
calyces.
It collects urine from the calyces and transports it to ureter.
Nephron
forms the anatomical and functional unit of the kidney
B. The Ureter
Are two musculo-membranous and retro-peritoneal tube which conduct urine from the kidney to the bladder,
10-12 inches long.
The orifice of the ureter in the bladder is not guarded by any valve; backflow is prevented by the pressure of
the bladder muscles as it becomes distended.
C. Urinary Bladder
A hollow, pear shaped musculo-membranous sac found in the anterior portion of the pelvis behind the pubic
bone and in front of the rectum in male, or uterus in female.
The function is to act as a reservoir for urine and to eliminate or expel intermittently the accumulated urine by
a process of micturition (urination).
2
The interior when empty is thrown into folds or “rugae”, except the triangular area called the urinary trigone
found at the floor of the bladder from which the three angles are marked by 3 openings – 2 openings of the
ureter and 1 opening of urethra.
D. The Urethra
is a canal extending from the neck of the bladder to the urinary meatus
it serves to convey urine from the urinary bladder to the outside
Male urethra
An S-shaped and much longer than that of female urethra, about 6-8inches long.
Divided into 3 portions:
a. prostatic urethra – widest and most dilatable
b. membranous urethra – shortest portion
c. penile urethra – longest portion
Female urethra
lies directly posterior to symphysis pubis, very short and straight about 1-1.5in long
it is embedded in the anterior wall of vagina, the external opening is found anterior to the vaginal opening
about an inch behind the glans of clitoris; on each side of the opening are found the “skeenes gland”.
Definition of terms:
1. Micturition – the act of expelling urine from the urinary bladder, also known as urination.
2. Urine – a clear and transparent fluid with an amber yellow color
3. Residual urine – the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination.
4. Enuresis (bed wetting) – involuntary voiding at night after the 3 rd year of life
5. Polyuria – an increase in the volume of urine excreted
6. Oliguria – a decrease in the volume of urine output
7. Anuria – complete suppression of urinary output
8. Nocturia – an increase in the volume of night urine
9. Incontinence – a lack of voluntary control over micturition
10. Diuretics – a substance which increases the flow of urine, ex. Water, caffeine, alcohol
11. Diuresis – increased urine produced
12. Retention – a failure to completely or normally void urine.
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