ANNASAHEB DANGE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, ASHTA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MINI PROJECT SYNOPSIS.

NAME OF PROGRAM:- T.E. MECHANICAL

Name of students with roll number:-

1. Mr. Burse Ganesh Rajaram 612
2. Mr. Raval Deepak Dattatray 618
3. Mr. Kadam Sandeep Jalindhar 619
4. Mr. Wadingekar Rohit Ramesh 629
5. Mr. Gawade Rushikesh Nandkishor 632

Name of guide :- Mr. P. M. Wadekar sir

Title of project work :- Optimization of vortex tube for Cold air

temperature .

Lab :- “Refrigeration And Air Conditioning“

1. Introduction:-
The vortex tube is a device which generates separated flows of cold and hot gases from a
single compressed gas source. It contains the parts: inlet nozzle, vortex chamber, cold-end
orifice, hot-end control valve and tube. The working principle of the vortex tube.
Compressible fluid is tangentially introduced into the vortex tube through the nozzles, due to
the cylindrical structure of the tube and depending on its inlet pressure and speed, leads a
circular movement inside the vortex tube at high speeds. Due to this process the hot and cold
air get separated from the compressed air and get separated from the junction. And due to
this we get cold air from cold exhaust valve and the hot air get removed from the hot exhaust
valve.

2. Proposed work :-
As we will work for making the different parameters for vortex tube such as nozzle, orifice
and hot end tube. We will also work for increasing the C.O.P. of vortex tube by using tose
parameters.
In this we have to perform different processes such as
1. By changing nozzle angle.

2. By changing pressure, it’s effect on temperature ∆Tc.:-

In this process, as pressure increases the ∆Tc This is due to physical property.air that
for lower inlet pressures ,if we expand air upto atmospheric pressure ∆Tc ,increases
with straight line relation but with higher inlet pressures this rate of increase decreases

3. By changing µ it’s effect on ∆Tc. :-

As the µ increases the temp ∆Tc also increases.The vortex tube can be considered
most efficient when µ(∆Tc) would be highest at a given prerssure.
3. Methodology:-

Phase 1: Literature Review:-

Mohammad O. Hamdan,FEASIBILITY OF VORTEX TUBE AIR-CONDITIONING

SYSTEM :The Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube (RHVT) is a thermal mechanical device that separates
the energy of a compressed gas flow two opposite streams; one stream colder than the inlet
temperature while the other stream is hotter than the inlet temperature. The vortex tube does not have
any moving part and the separation is occurred due to swirl flow generation without requiring any
external work or heat transfer .We have to conducted an experiment on vortex tube that focused on
the thermal performance with different inlet pressure and different geometrical parameters. In the
recent years it was known that vortex tube is a low cost and an effective solution for many cooling
problem. The separation mechanism inside the vortex tube was not completely understood until
today. The ability to obtain either hot or cold flow streams using compressed gas, allowed the use of
vortex tube in many engineering applications such as cooling of electronics, cooling of food, cooling
of firemen's suit, cooling of machinery during operation. In spite of its small capacity, the RHVT is
very useful for certain thermal management applications because it of simplicity, compactness, light
weight, robustness, reliability, low maintenance cost and safety. The RHVT can be classified into
two types: the counter-flow RHVT and the uni-flow RHVT . In the counter flow RHVT type the cold
flow move in the opposite direction with respect to hot stream while in the second type, the hot and
cold streams flow in same direction. In general, the counter-flow RHVT is recommended over the
uni-flow RHVT for its efficient energy separation.

..
Van Deemts,Refrigration and Air conditioning:
In this processes the air enters the main tube through the nozzle and forms a free vortex. Due
to the centripetal acceleration, the vortex travels along te periphery of te=he tube and when
it reaches the throttle wall the rotation almost ceases, so there is the point of stagnation in this
region. As the pressure exceeds the atm pressure , a reverse axial flow starts. This flow comes
in to contact with the free vortex which is moving with increase in speed, therefore, the axial
stream forms forced vortex. The energy required to maintain the forced vortex in the reversed
axial flow steam is supplied by forced vortex at the periphery. Therefore, there is flow of
energy (momentum) from the periphery of air to the reversed axial flow stream at the axis.

Prof partulekar,Refrigration and Air conditioning:

In this the air enters the tube tangentially and make a free vortex. The vortex travels along
the wall due to the centrifugal action. The pressure near the wall is more than outside the
diaphragm at the other end, a reversible axial flow start this reversed flow comes into the
contact with the forward moving free vortex along the internal surface of the vortex. The free
vortex forces the axial stream to rotate as it rotates at a very high speed. Thus, an axial steam
forms a forced vortex the energy required to from the forced vortex of the axial stream is
supplied by the outer free vortex. However, the flow of energy is in opposite direction but it
is too small compared with energy transfer from the inner core to the outer periphery.

Phase 2: Design of vortex tube parameters :-

 Orifice
 Nozzle angle
 Hot end length

Phase 3: Preparation of Manufacturing Drawing:-

First of all we will draw a rough sketch of the vortex tube and calculate the dimensions.
After finalizing dimensions of all components we will move towards development of actual
setup.
Components of the vortex tube are :-
 Body
 Nozzle
 Diaphragm
 Orifice
 Hot air exhaust
 Cold air exhaust

Phase 4: Calculation:-

The governing parameters of the operation of a counter-flow RHVT are described below:
The performance of the vortex tube is marked by cooling effect (ΔTc) and heating effect
(ΔTh).

Analysis of vortex tube – Assuming the suffix, and h represents the states of cold side an d
hot side respectively

By mass balance mi = m c + mh

By a steady flow energy balance mihi=mchc + mhhh

Assuming that kinetic energies are negligible

∆Tc = Ti – Tc ; and ∆Th = Th - Ti

If the system is isentropic, then the heat lost by the cold stream is equal to heat hot steam

mc(Tc - Tc) = mh(Th – Ti) = (mi - mc)(Th - Ti)

Ti – Tc = {(mi/mc) – 1}(Th – Ti) = {(1/µ) – 1}(Th – Ti)

Where µ is the ratio of the cold air to te air supplied, its value varies from .3 and .45

µ = (Th – Ti)/{(Ti – Tc)+(Th - Ti)} = ∆Th/(∆Th - ∆Tc) = mc/mi

∆Trel = ∆Te/ ∆Te’

nab = ∆Te/ ∆Te’

Phase 5: Manufacturing of component and experimentation:-

In this process we are going to manufacture componenets such as nozzle, orifice, diaphagram,
inlet and outlet valve, compressed air supply.

Orifice – We have to manufacture orifice by considering its efficient parameter. Orifice is

required to control the discharge.

Nozzle – We have to construct the nozzles of different angle and observe the different effect
of it on the performance and C.O.P of vortex tube.

Hot end tube length – We have to manufacture the hot end length tube to check the effect of
length on the cool air.
Phase 6: Factor affecting the vortex tube:-

1. Effect of Orifice Diameter On performance of vortex tube:-

For observe the effect of orifice diameter on the air temperature difference (∆Tc) the
valve of angle 60° was selected and it was tested for different supply air pressure.
The effect of orifice diameter on the air temperature difference. the maximum ∆Tc
occurs at d/D = 0.2 and as the orifice diameter increases the temperature difference
decreases.

2. Effect of Angle of Nozzle Used:-

Four different values for the valve angle as mentioned above have been used for
experimentation. The effect of the valve angle is tested for various values of the
supply pressure. Fig. 8 shows that valve angle having less effect on the cold air
temperature difference. However the valve of 30° and 60° angle gives best results.

3. Effect of Hot End Valve Angle on Performance of Vortex Tube:-

The effect of angle at the tip of the plug form 30 0, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 and 180, on
the performance of the vortex tube. When the experimental data are assessed, it is
found that the bigger ∆T values are observed with the plug which has tip angle of 300

4. Effect of Inlet Air Pressure on Performance of Vortex Tube:-

The variation in the temperature difference with different values of inlet air pressure
and cold air mass fraction happen the pressure at entrance of vortex tube will be
increased. Hence effect of inlet pressure of vortex tube on the performance will be
studied. The ∆T Constantly increase but in less significance at the end in geometry
and dimension of vortex tube.

Phase 7: Performance Testing:-

 The efficiency of a cooling ca be expressed in term of coefficient of performance(COP)
explained as follow:

C.O.P. = Qc/W

4. Expected Outcomes:-
Following are the expected outcomes:
1. To observe the effect of pressure on cold end temperature.
2. To observe the effect of orifice diameter, nozzle angle and length of hot end on cold end
temperature.
3. To optimize the type of vortex tube based on different parameter.

5. Plan of Proposed Work:-

Sr. Activity/
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April
No. Month
1 Literature review
2 Selection of parameter
3 Design
4 Manufacturing
5 Performance and testing
6 Observation and result
7 Report writing

6. Detail Budget Estimation:-

 Sr.
Part Description Approx Cost (Rs)
No
1 Orifice 2500
2 Nozzle 1500
3 Hot and tube length 2000
Total (Rs) 6000

7. References:
References should have the following format
 Arora, Domkundwar & A.V Domkundwar, “Refrigeration and Air
conditioning”.

 Hitesh R. Thakare*, Aniket Monde, Bhushan S. Patil, A. D. Parek, “Numerical

Investigation of Flow Characteristics in Counter Flow Vortex Tube”,
Publisher.
 A. M. Dalavi, Mahesh Jadhav, Yasin Shaikh, Avinash Patil (Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, India)
,Modeling, Optimization & Manufacturing of Vortex Tube and Application.
 S.KARTHIK ,International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,
Volume 6, Issue 4, April-2015,434 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER Design and
Computation of COP of Vortex Tube.

Date: 22/07/2017
Place: ADCET, Ashta
Guide- Mr. P. M. Wadekar sir Head- Mr.V.B. Patil sir
Mech. Engg. Dept. Mech. Engg. Dept.