Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Problem and Its Background
The Problem and Its Background
The Problem and Its Background
Chapter 1
Introduction
Students are key stakeholders and the most essential resources in education. It is
eligible for the students to always show discipline either inside or outside the school. To
attain a better place for the students, school management implements school rules such as
the proper wearing of uniform and hair dressing that will drive them to discipline.
student representative bodies - such as school councils, student parliaments and the
prefectural body in formulation of school rules. It is also used to encompass all aspects of
school life and decision-making where students may make a contribution, informally
decision-making at school or class level and to dialogue between students and other
decision-makers, not only consultation or a survey among students (Jeruto and Kiprop,
to school administrators, parents 19 and society at large. This is often due to the fact that
students are viewed as minors, immature and lacking in the expertise and technical
knowledge that is needed in the running of a school. Thus student participation is often
confined to issues concerned with student welfare and not in core governance issues such
The second view-point suggested that students can participate but only to a certain
degree. In support of this view, Mutua (2004) suggests that there is a tendency among
2
some teachers and school leaders to define the issues which affect students quite
life that affect students only and which have no immediate relevance to their discipline,
According to Adams (2003), schools rules and regulations are among the
orderliness, good behavior and obedience to school authority (Adams, 2003). Also on
admission, schools especially at secondary level, students are given prospectuses, which
spell out some of the expectations which include compliance with rules and regulations
(Adams, 2003).
The school, primarily, is a place for learning, gathering information and skills that
are essential to a child’s integration to the adult world. It aims to develop moral character,
personal discipline, civic conscience, vocational efficiency and to teach the duties of
citizenship. The school as zone of peace (Deped Order No. 44, s. 2005), provides the
At Ventinilla High School, there are some school rules or ‘students code of
discipline’. These are all written on the hand book of Ventinilla High School. There are
school rules during the flag ceremony, inside the classroom, during examination, along
the corridors, inside the reading center, inside the campus, at the canteen and store,
proper use of comfort room, proper disposal of trash, off-limits areas, outside the school,
attendance, dress code and grooming that includes proper wearing of uniform and hair
style, law prohibiting fund in school, child protection policy, gambling, vandalism,
3
alcohol beverages and cigarette and the use of cellphone and internet. If ever the students
As this study will be done gradually, it will focus on the school rules during the
flag ceremony, the attendance, dress code and grooming, and inside the classroom. The
researchers will conduct this study to determine the school rules and students’
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of school rules in enhancing the
discipline of the students of Ventinilla High School. After this study, the following
b. Attendance;
2. How may the student involvement of the respondents in the following school
rules be described?
Hypothesis
significant relationship.
The study will be focusing on the school rules and students’ involvement
Ventinilla High School this first semester of the school year 2019-2020 at Ventinilla,
Paniqui, Tarlac. The respondents will be all the total population of Ventinilla High
School (781).
After this study, it is expected that the findings of this study will be beneficial to
the following:
Students. They will be able to know the assessment of their condition. Their
adviser will tell them whether they improve or not during the class discussion.
Teachers. They will be able to know their effectiveness as the teachers and if
Parents. They will not be confused why their children need to follow the rules at
Ventinilla High School. They will be able to know whether their children are disciplined.
The advisers will ask for a meeting with the parents to let them know the effectiveness of
Future Researchers. They will be able to search for the related study easily and
they can use this as their guideline for their research. The result of this study can help
them as well.
5
Definition of Terms
further knowledge.
School Rules. Set of guideline of the students of Ventinilla High School to act or
Ventinilla High School. The school located at Ventinilla, Paniqui, Tarlac where
in learning. They try hard to learn what school offers. They take pride not simply in
earning the formal indicators of success (grades), but in understanding the material and
During Flag Ceremony. The law made the observance of the flag ceremony
compulsory. The pupils and students are required to assemble in front of their school
building where the flagpole stands as they sing. After singing the national anthem, the
students will recite the pledge of allegiance to the country. At the end of the classes in the
afternoon, the flag is lowered slowly and folded very reverently allowing any part of it
program, public or private, for organized learning at any level of education at the time of
the census or, if the census is taken during the vacation period at the end of
Dress Code and Grooming. All students wear the prescribed uniform for both
male and female. It also includes the hair style and putting the makeup and others.
Inside the Classroom. The classroom is where teaching and learning take place
in the school. There are some regulations need to follow when the students are inside the
classroom.
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Chapter 2
This chapter deals with related literature and related study on the of school rules
and students’involvement Ventinilla High School. The sources of literature and study
Related Literature
Ideally, schools set rules and regulations for the proper governing of the various
lifestyles of students containing the dos and don’ts (Okumbe, 2008). Regulations are
authoritative orders with a course of law intended to promote order and efficiency in a
school. Lupton and Jones (2002), also concurred with Okumbe (2008), and argued that
school rules and regulations, collaborative leadership and their good practice. The school
rules and regulations therefore prescribe the standard of behaviour expected of the
teachers and the students. However these researchers did not say anything on the effect of
school rules and regulations on discipline enhancement hence the need for this study.
According to India Parenting online Ltd (2007) the standards of school rules were
reported to be deteriorating in Indian secondary schools. The study pointed out that there
was need to find a lasting solution to the problem of indiscipline. The solution to the
issue of indiscipline would make students‟ education and schooling experience more
productive. Cases of indiscipline have also been noted in England. There was a case in
school rules which prohibits carrying of any form of weapon to school. He used it to
shoot a fellow student. The government then planned a crackdown on school indiscipline
8
Corporation, 2004).
maturity, school rules is often viewed as a national concern that is becoming more serious
by the day for all societies (Mwangi, 2003). Practicing teachers, educationists, parents
and students across the globe must increasingly get concerned with discipline-related
problems in schools. In its management efforts, many educationists and researchers have
sought to identify the most efficacious methods of enhancing school discipline. The use
of rewards and punishments, stemming especially from the psychological research works
of Shawcross (2009), have been used by many school educators, although in varying
punishment has gained much debate, especially on its efficacy and its consequences to
and issues at the centre of adolescetns’ life in the school. MHSS implements a set of
school rules and regulations that embodies standards of behavior befitting mature and
disciplinary rules for strict compliance. They are designed to develop among the students
the highest standard of decency, morality and good behavior. Concrete, reasonable and
According to Reyes (2005), schools face several issues daily that negatively
impact student learning. Administrators and teachers work hard to overcome these
challenges, but it is often difficult. Regardless of the strategies schools implement, there
are some factors that will likely never be eliminated. However, schools must do their best
to minimize the impact these issues have while maximizing student learning. Educating
students is a difficult challenge because there are so many natural obstacles that hinder
learning.
Policies are important because they help a school establish rules and procedures
and create standards of quality for learning and safety, as well as expectations and
accountability. Without these, schools would lack the structure and function necessary to
Related Studies
Foreign
management and its effect on academic performance in a class situation but without
looking at 28 its origin. Also the current time management practices in most secondary
schools in Kenya has remained unknown and always raised a big concern. This study will
therefore reveal the relationship between time management and school rules and
regulations.
10
Schools play an important role in the socialization process of the young people
from where they learn to regulate their own conduct, respect towards others, manage their
time responsibly and thus becoming responsible citizens (Tait, 2003). Thou they play
such a crucial role, what is being observed in Kenya‟s secondary schools is a wave of
indiscipline among students inform of strikes, bullying, arson cases in schools, and
vandalism of school property. That is why Njoku (2000) argued that there has been an
increase in wanton destruction of 8 property and lives lost. This has therefore created a
big concern for teachers, head teachers and stakeholders. No wonder the government of
Kenya in the year 2008 set a taskforce to deal with the issues and causes of indiscipline.
This state of affairs makes one wonder whether the rules and regulations are effective in
different parts of the world. Sithole (2008) and Jeruto and Kiprop (2011) conducted a
study on the extent of student involvement in decision making in South Africa and Kenya
respectively and found out that students‟ views are neglected. Kamau and Njenga (2009)
rules in Kiambaa schools in Kenya and found out the attitude of both teachers and
students matters in the implementation of school rules and regulations. Rono (2006)
studied on the use of guidance and counseling in managing student discipline in Eldoret
Municipality and found out that a school administrator’s job in the realm of student
Though all these studies have dealt with the issue of discipline, they conducted a
study to know the effect of indiscipline of the students that caused a lot of trouble in their
school and the things that hinder the students in following the school rules. It is against
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this background that the researchers seek to determine the effectiveness of school rules in
Secondary schools have rules and regulations which have common threads.
Students are expected to attend every school day, unless they are legally excused, and be
in class on time and prepared to learn. They are also to maintain a neat appearance,
including adhering to the 29 requirements of the school’s uniform or dress code policy;
behave safely, considerately and responsibly, including when travelling to and from
school; show respect at all times for teachers, other school staff and helpers, including
following class rules, speaking courteously and cooperating with instructions and
learning activities; treat one another with dignity and respect; care for property belonging
to themselves, the school and others. Behavior that infringes on the safety of others, such
as harassment, bullying and illegal or anti-social behavior of any kind, is not tolerated as
The studies of different personalities above show the effect of school rules as they
are implemented to the schools. There are some threats that the coordinators encountered
each day. This study will focus only on the school rules and the involvement of the
Local
According to Chaves, (2007) the majority of the minor violations were committed
by male students with 90.62% as compared to 9.38% for female respondents. The older
the age bracket of the respondents, the greater number of respondents who committed
minor violation is in the age bracket of seventeen and to nineteen years old, followed by
designed to control, regulate and manage students’ behavior in schools in order to create
conducive learning environment. Study population comprised 3290 students and 319
teachers all from 28 public secondary schools. The study equally revealed that
molding their character given the high number of repeated mistakes after punishment.
The study recommends that school rules and regulations be reviewed to accommodate
age challenges, disciplinary measures such as suspension and replacement of stolen items
be repealed and that students be involved at formulation level. The findings of the study
inform policy makers about the influence of school rules and regulations on students’
aggressive behavior and the need to restructure them to make them appealing as control
Different efforts and measures have been done both at national and school level to
deal with the discussed behavioral problems among secondary school students. In
schools, there are Disciplinary Committees which deal with maintaining behaviors and
lifestyles of students. Some teachers through trainings and seminars are learning on how
De La Salle University (DLSU) has school rules and regulations to control and to
discipline students so that they become good citizens. The stated objectives of school
rules and regulations are: to have pupils brought up to become good citizens who are
expected to respect laws and regulations; to have self-discipline while in school and in
adult life; to make students realize that offenders are punished and thus encouraging them
13
to obey the laws of the country, conform to accepted norms and rules of conduct; and to
students conform to. Human beings normally respond to four social bonds to
conventional activities, and belief in the value or legitimacy of convention. These four
elements of social bond may determine how students behave in school, Jenkins, (1997).
The studies presented show the different effect of school rules in the school where
the students learn. It also shows the statistics of the boys and girls indiscipline. The
different results show that it is better if here will be a punishment correspond to the action
they did. Somewhat similar to this study, as to determine the effectiveness of school rules
that are implemented at Ventinilla High School, it seeks recommendations to enhance the
Those studies above shows the different result of school rules in thee school and
Conceptual Framework
This study aims to determine the school rules and students’ involvement. This
study focuses on the school rules wearing proper uniform and hair dressing and it serves
as the independent variables. As the independent variables focus on the two indicators,
the researcher will then determine the effectiveness in enhancing the discipline of the
respondents in following the rules. The figure below shows the process.
14
Recommendation can be
proposed to enhance the
students’ involvement to school
rules of the respondents.
Chapter 3
This chapter embodies all the elements which govern the devices, ways and
methods in collecting data. It embraces the six components that include research design,
locale of the study, respondents of the study, research instruments, research procedure
Research Design
study is a type of research design where a researcher seeks to understand what kind of
relationships naturally occurring variables have with one another (Cheprasov, 2011).
This study will be conducted at Ventinilla High School as the study’s respondents
The respondents of this study are the total population of the students at Ventinilla
High School with seven hundred eighty-one (781) students, one hundred eighty-one
(181) in grade 7, one hundred sixty-six (166) in grade 8, one hundred seventy-six (176) in
grade 9, one hundred thirty-six in grade 10, sixty-seven (67) in grade 11, and fifty-two
in grade 12 excluding the three researchers at Ventinilla High School. This study will be
16
using the universal sampling in choosing the respondents because they are the ones who
can provide the useful information to know the effectiveness of school rules in enhancing
Research Instrument
The researchers will use survey questionnaire adopted from the study of Anna
Maria Ndeto(2010) and questionnaire validated by the experts to gather the necessary
data on the school rules and students’ involvement in enhancing discipline of the students
gather data that are needed in the research. As a critical element in one’s
gather all the necessary information, but at the same time, it should not bore and
The research questionnaire of this present study needed expert or people who
understand and have enough knowledge to validate the survey questionnaire for the
respondents. Experts evaluate the questions for the effectiveness of the topic that are
under investigation. Ms. Ruvy Ann Mendoza an English Teacher, Mrs. Monica
Eleine M. Guiam a SSG Adviser and Mr. Elson S. Garingo a Register Guidance
Counselor are the ones who check and evaluate the survey questionnaire.
Research Procedure
First, the researchers will ask permission to the principal of Ventinilla High
School. When the permission is granted, they will ask next the teachers of the
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respondents. The respondents will be given ample time to complete answering the
questionnaires provided. After they finish answering the questionnaires the researchers
Statistical Treatment
Average Formula
= mean/average
To interpret the result of the school rules and student involvement in enhancing
discipline of the students, Likert Scale that includes the variables the table will be used by
the respondents. For the convenience of the analysis and interpretation, the following will
Using the Pearson r formula the researcher will get the relationship between the
Pearson R formula
Where:
Y- Students’ involvement
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Komba, H. (2009). The management of school rules and its influence on students‟
academic performance in selected private secondary schools of Busiro County in
Wakiso District, Uganda. MA Thesis, Makerere University. 105 retrieved August
2, 2019 from https://southwell.school.nz/every-day-southwell/student-
welfare/school-rules-behaviour-management/
Magadla, C. J. (2007). Disciplinary Strategies that Public School in Kenya can adopt to
curb Indiscipline in Post Caning Era. Nelson Mandela University SA:
Unpublished Thesis. Retrieved August 2, 2019 from http://positiveschooldisci
pline.promoteprevent.org/our-approach/positive-school-discipline-strategies.
Mcgregory, S. (2006). Schoolyard Crime Adds to Teachers Woes in South Africa.
Nairobi: Jomo Kenyatta Foundation. Retrieved August 1, 2019 from
https://uk.reuters.com/article/education-safrica-crime/schoolyard-crime-adds-to-
south-africas-education-woes-idUKNOA44369020061114
Mulwa, J. N. (2004). Investigation into alternative strategies of discipline in the absence
of corporal punishment in public secondary schools. Unpublished M.Ed thesis,
University of Nairobi, Nairobi.
Mwangi, N. N. (2003). An investigation into causes of poor performance in accounting at
the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations in selected schools in
Kiambu district. Unpublished M.Ed. thesis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi.
Njoku, M. C. (2000). Managing students’ riots: The role of school personal management
bodies and the methods used. Unpublished M.Ed thesis, Kenyatta University,
Nairobi. Retrieved August 2, 2019 from file:///C:/Users/lnl/ Downloads
/Management%20of%20student%20riots%20in%20public.pdf
Nuestra, R. (2004). Challenges facing head teachers in enhancing pupil discipline in
primary schools in kibera slum. Nairobi: University of Nairobi Unpublished
thesis. Retrieved August 5, 2019 from https://pdfs .semanticscholar .org
/685e/92231e347a0fed295066e316a3ef856ef493.pdf
Okumbe, J. A. (2001). Human resource management: An educational perspective.
Nairobi: Kenya Educational Development and Research Bureau. Retrieved
August 15, 2019 from hwP4zYGIAw&q=educational+ perspective &oq=
educational+perspective&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i203l10.11558
Reyes, B. (2001). Behaviour management. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. Retrieved
August 3, 2019 from https://www. Theguardian .com/society/ joepublic/
2010/feb/09/pupil-behaviour-management-tips
Rono, E.C. (2006). Use of Guidance and Counseling in Managing Students Stress in
Public Secondary Schools. Eldoret: Moi University publication.
Shawcross, J.N. (2009). Student behaviour. New York: Macmillan Publishers. Retrieved
August 20, 2019 from TggIiQDw&q=students+ behavior+new +york &oq
=students+behavior+new+york&gs_l=psy-ab.3.
Sithole, S. (2008). The participation of students in democratic school governance.
Unpublished Med Thesis: University of Kwazulu- Natal. 108 retrieved August 8,
2019 from Hh2DXdGKA8epoASLmqmICw&q=participation +of+ student
s+in+democratic+school&oq=participation+of+students+in+democratic+school&
gs_l=psy-ab.
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Tait, G. (2003). Free will, moral responsibility and ADHD. International journal of
inclusive education. 7, 4, 429-446. Retrieved August 8, 2019 from
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+will +and + moral
Wooden, A. (2010). Challenges faced by secondary school principals in enhancing
student discipline in secondary schools in Tigania District, Kenya. Unpublished
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pal
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APPENDICES
23
APPENDIX A
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
VENTINILLA HIGH SCHOOL
Paniqui, Tarlac
Date___________
Dear Ma’am:
Good day!
The respondents of this study are the Junior and Senior High School students of this school.
We would like to give the survey questionnaire to those students as the respondents of this
study.
In connection with this, I would like to request your approval to allow us to schedule the
administration of the research.
Sincerely,
The Researchers
Approved/disapproved:
APPENDIX B
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
VENTINILLA HIGH SCHOOL
Paniqui, Tarlac
Date___________
Dear Ma’am/Sir
Good day!
In connection with this, I would like to request your approval to allow us that your
students will be respondents of this study.
Sincerely,
The Researchers
Approved/disapproved:
Teachers____________
25
APPENDIX C
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
VENTINILLA HIGH SCHOOL
Paniqui, Tarlac
Date___________
Dear Students:
Good day!
We would like to give the survey questionnaire of you as the students of Ventinilla High
School.
In connection with this, I would like to request your approval to allow us to use you as
the respondents of this study to answer some question in the paper to be given after the
approval.
Looking forward for your much needed approval this request.
Sincerely,
The Researchers
Approved/disapproved:
Teachers____________
26
APPENDIX D
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Directions: Using the key given, choose or tick the right alternative that fits your
opinion on the implementation of school rules as follows: put check (✔) to indicate your
answer.
Indicator Scale
Always 5
Often 4
Sometimes 3
Rarely 2
Never 1
1. School Rules
a. During Flag Ceremony
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
I attend flag ceremony.
When the bell rings, I will proceed to
the quadrangle immediately
In flag ceremony I fall in line
In flag ceremony, there is no
unnecessary movement.
I proceed to my respective rooms
quietly after the ceremony
b. Attendance
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
I attend class regularly and punctually.
Before 7:00. I’m already in the school
When I’m absent I present an excuse letter
of explanation signed by my parents.
I have more done 20% absences that the
school required us to.
I don’t want to be punished that’s why I go
to school regularly.
27
Statement 1 2 3 4 5
If I don’t wear polo/blouse, I make sure
my t-shirt is properly tucked in.
I wear black leather/leather liked rubber
shoes
I wear my I.D. inside the campus.
On Friday, I wear the prescribed P.E.
uniform and rubber shoes.
My hair is neatly groomed
2. Students’ involvement
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
Students are part of the body that is
involved in the formulation of school rules
and regulations.
Students give suggestions in the formulation
of rules and regulations.
The student body contributes in ensuring
that rules in our school are followed.
Students are not involved in the formulation
of school rules and regulations.
Students are aware of consequences of
breaking school rules and regulations.
Curriculum Vitae
Age: 18
Sex: male
Occupation: None
Educational attainment
Curriculum Vitae
Age: 18
Sex: male
Occupation: Teacher
Educational attainment
Curiculum Vitae
Age: 17
Sex: Female
Occupation: Vendor
Educational attainment