Ionic Solids

Are solids composed of oppositely charged ions.

Consists of positively charged cations and
negatively charged anions held together by
electrostatic forces.
It can be composed of simple ions or or can be
composed of polyatomic.
In an, ionic compound, the cations and anions are
arranges in space to form an extended three-
dimensional array that maximizes the number of
attractive electrostatic interactions and minimizes the
number of repulsive electrostatic interactions.
They are lattices of oppositely charged ions.
(LATTICES- describe a highly ordered structure, occurring due
to intrinsic nature of constituents to form a symmetric
pattern. It is also the unique arrangement of atoms, ions, or
molecules in a crystalline liquid or solid.)
 Properties of Ionic Solids
Have high boiling and melting points as they’re
very strong ang required a lot of energy to break.
The electrostatic forces of attraction betwwen
oppositely charged ionsa lead to the formation of
ions.
Ionic compoubnds form crystals.
These are brittle and break into small pieces easily.
Electrovalent compounds usually dissolve in water
and are insoluble in solvents like oil, petrol,
kerosene, etc.
Do not conduct electricity in a solid sated but they
do conduct electricity in the molten state.
In comparison to melecular compounds, ionic
compound have higher enthalpies and vaporization.
The solubility of these ionic solids is solvent
specific as they are more readily soluble in solvents
with higher dielectric constant which helps these
solids to overcome high attractive force. Polar
solvents with high dielectric constants are ideal
whereas organic solvents with low dielectric constant
are not preferred.
Examples
Soduim Chloride (NaCl)
Magnesuim Chloride (MgCl2)
Calcuim Flouride ( CaF2)
Zinc Sulphide (ZnS)