GERAN ZGB-02-02-001 Basic Handover Feature Guide (V4) - V1.0 PDF

ZGB-02-02-001 Basic
Handover Feature Guide

ZGB-02-02-001Basic Handover Feature Guide
ZGB-02-02-001 Basic Handover Feature Guide

Version Date Author Reviewer Notes
Zhang
V1.0 2018/01/04 Gu Yuhui First Release
Chao
© 2019 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used
without the prior written permission of ZTE.
Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to
change without notice.
ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Feature Attribute ............................................................................................ 4
2 Overview ......................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Feature Introduction .......................................................................................... 4
2.2 License Control ................................................................................................. 5
2.3 Correlation with Other Features ........................................................................ 5
3 Technical Description .................................................................................... 7
4 Parameters.................................................................................................... 10
5 Related Counters and Alarms ..................................................................... 84

5.1 Related Counters ............................................................................................ 84
5.2 Related Alarms ............................................................................................... 87
6 Engineering Guide ....................................................................................... 87

6.1 Application Scenario ....................................................................................... 87
6.2 Feature Activation Procedure .......................................................................... 87
6.2.1 BSC Intra-Cell Handover................................................................................. 87
6.2.2 BSC Inter-Cell Handover (Intra-BSC) .............................................................. 89
6.2.3 MSC Intra-Cell Handover(Inter-BSC) .............................................................. 93
6.2.4 MSC Inter-Cell Handover ................................................................................ 97
6.3 Feature Validation Procedure.......................................................................... 97
6.4 Feature Deactivation Procedure...................................................................... 98
6.5 Network Impact ............................................................................................. 101
7 Abbreviation ............................................................................................... 102
8 Reference Document.................................................................................. 102

FIGURES
Figure 6-1 BSC Intra-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 1 ........................................88

Figure 6-4 BSC Inter-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 1 ........................................91
Figure 6-8 MSC Intra-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 1 .......................................94
Figure 6-9 MSC Intra-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 2 .......................................95
Figure 6-10 MSC Intra-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 3......................................96
Figure 6-11 MSC Intra-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 4......................................97
Figure 6-12 Feature Deactivation 1 ....................................................................................99
Figure 6-13 Feature Deactivation 2 ..................................................................................100
TABLES
Table 2-1 License Control List ............................................................................................ 5

Table 4-1 Parameters List ..................................................................................................10
Table 5-1 Counter List .......................................................................................................84

1 Feature Attribute
BSC Version: [ZXUR 9000 GSM (V6.50.33)]
BTS Version: [Independent of the BTS hardware platform]
Attribute: [Basic]
Related Network Element:

NE Name Related or Not Special Requirements
MS √
BTS √
BSC √
iTC -
MSC √
MGW -
SGSN -
GGSN -
HLR -
“√”: Related, “-”: Irrelative
2 Overview
2.1 Feature Introduction
An MS continuously submits measurement reports during a conversation. The BSC

determines whether a handover should be performed based on the reports, updates the
candidate cell list, and performs handover based on this list.
There are the following handover types:
 Intra-cell handover: handover between similar channels in a cell

 Intra-BSC inter-cell handover: handover between similar channels in different cells

that are controlled by a BSC
 Intra-MSC inter-BSC handover: handover between similar channels in different cells

that are controlled by different BSCs under an MSC
 Inter-MSC handover: handover between similar channels in different cells that are
controlled by different MSCs
The ZXG10-iBSC can activate various kinds of handover algorithms based on actual
network conditions. If all the algorithms are activated, they are used in a proper order.
Some handover parameters are set at cell level and some are set for each neighboring
cell.
2.2 License Control
Table 2-1 License Control List
License Configured Sales

Feature ID Feature Name
Control Item NE Unit
ZGB-02-02-001 Basic Handover Basic

Global TRX
Handover
2.3 Correlation with Other Features
1. Required Features
None
2. Mutually Exclusive Features
None
3. Affected Features

This feature is functionally related to the following features:
ZGB-02-003 Handover Mode
ZGO-02-02-001 Handover Between Macro- and Micro-cells
ZGO-02-02-002 Dynamic Handover Priority Algorithm
ZGO-02-02-003 Directed-Shift Handover
ZGO-02-02-005 Handover Failure Penalty
ZGO-02-014 Rapid Level Drop Handover
ZGO-02-02-007 Traffic Based Handover
ZGO-05-02-008 Multi-layer Cell Structure
ZGO-05-02-009 Concentric Circle Technology
ZGO-04-02-005 Co-BCCH
Features like Handover Between Macro- and Micro-cells, Directed-Shift Handover, Rapid
Level Drop Handover, and Traffic Based Handover can be categorized into the handover
types described in this feature.
The relation between this feature and Dynamic Priority: The target cell involved in this
feature is sorted by dynamic priority. If the dynamic priority is the same, the target cell can
be sorted based on the power budget.
The relation between this feature and Failure Penalty: The content of Failure Penalty
relevant to this feature is described in the feature guide for Failure Penalty.
The relation between this feature and Multi-layer Cell Structure: The cell layer structure is
used for cell layer configuration and target cell selection.
The relation between this feature and the features Concentric Circle Technology and
Co-BCCH: Intra-cell handover involved in this feature includes sub-cell handover, and
sub-cell handover occurs if the feature Concentric Circle Technology or Co-BCCH is
activated.

3 Technical Description
This feature enables handover, the basic function related to mobility management. The
BSC determines whether an MS needs to be handed over according to the measurement
reports. The BSC updates the BCCH Allocation (BA) list first, and then selects a proper
cell for handover after the handover decision is made. To avoid frequent handover failures,
relevant failure penalty is adopted, which can decrease the signaling load and increase
the handover success rate.
The ZTE GSM supports the BSC in processing the measurement reports with the sliding
window mechanism and the weighted average algorithm, and in selecting the higher
priority handover algorithm according to the different handover causes. For an intra-cell
handover, the proper carrier and the timeslot with the minimum interference band is
selected. For an inter-cell handover, the target cell is selected based on the layer strategy
and the handover decision criterion.
The determinant factor for sequencing the target cells is load, priority, and power margin.
The BSC first sequences and filters the cells in the target cell list according to traffic. The
cell with the traffic equal to or greater than the threshold should be removed from the list.
Then the BSC sequences all the target cells by priority. Finally, it sequences all target
cells with the same priority based on the power margin. The first cell in the list is selected
as the target cell for handover.
If the handover fails, the handover failure penalty should be used to avoid repeated
handover failures and increase the success rate of handover. For an intra-cell handover,
the BSC prevents the MS from attempting handover during the penalty time of the
handover failure. For an inter-cell handover, the BSC deducts the offset value based on
the signal level of the cell, which reduces the possibility of the MS's handover to the last
failed target cell during the penalty time of the handover failure.
To prevent repeated handovers, the BSC compares the current time point with the time
point of the last successful handover. If the difference between the two time points
exceeds the penalty time of repeated handovers, a handover takes place. Otherwise, the
source cell of the last handover should be removed from the target cell list of this handover,
and then the proper target cell is selected for this handover.

Handover is classified into two types: synchronous handover and asynchronous handover.
The synchronous handover is used for the inter-cell handover at the same site, and the
asynchronous handover is used for the handover between different sites.
The ZTE GSM supports basic and optional handover algorithms. The basic handover
includes signal quality (uplink/downlink) handover, signal level (uplink/downlink) handover,
signal interference (uplink/downlink) handover, ultra-distance handover, and Power
Budget (PBGT) handover.
 Signal Quality (Uplink/Downlink) Handover
Signal quality handover is a basic inter-cell handover. The handover decision for the uplink
and downlink is the same. If the channel quality gets worse, the radio link may fail to
release the occupied channel, leading to call drops. To avoid this failure, the BSC triggers
a signal quality handover to maintain this call if the mean error rate is greater than the
quality threshold for P times out of N times.
 Signal Level (Uplink/Downlink) Handover
Signal level handover is a basic inter-cell handover. The handover decision for the uplink
and downlink is the same. If the interference is too low to trigger the interference or quality
handover and the level fading is serious, call drops may occur. To avoid this failure, the
BSC triggers the signal level handover to maintain this call if the signal lever is lower than
the level threshold for P times out of N times.
 Signal Interference (Uplink/Downlink) Handover
Signal interference handover is a basic intra-cell handover. The handover decision for the
uplink and downlink is the same. If interference occurs, the level of the interference with
every channel in the cell is different. Therefore, the handovers occurring over different
channels in the same cell can avoid interference. If the signal quality is getting worse but
the signal level is high, the BSC triggers a signal interference handover to maintain this
call if the MS moves to the pre-defined interference area for P times out of N times.
If there is no idle channel in the serving cell, the handover should be converted to the
signal quality handover to attempt an inter-cell handover. The difference between signal
interference handover and signal quality handover is that if a signal interference handover

occurs, the signal quality does not get worse or affect the call and the signal level is still
high.
 Ultra-Distance Handover
Ultra-distance handover is a basic inter-cell handover. If an MS is far from the BTS, the
ultra-distance handover to the nearest neighboring cell is performed. If the Time Advance
(TA) is greater than the distance threshold for P times out of N times, the BSC triggers an
ultra-distance handover to maintain this call.
 PBGT Handover
PBGT handover is a basic inter-cell handover to keep a call in a proper cell. The PBGT is
obtained from the signal level of the neighboring cell by subtracting the signal level of the
serving cell. If the downlink level of the neighboring cell is lower than the initial threshold,
the BSC triggers a PBGT handover if the PBGT of the neighboring cell is greater than the
preset PBGT threshold for P times out of N times. PBGT handover is a non-saving
handover.
To make a PBGT handover occur in the same layer, the neighboring cell level of other
layers must be strong enough to execute the inter-layer PBGT handover and an inter-
layer timer should be set when the MS accesses the network. If the inter-layer timer does
not expire, the neighboring cell level should add the offset value of the upper layer for
PBGT handover to the value of the upper layer, and the neighboring cell level should add
the offset value of the lower layer for PBGT handover to the value of the lower layer. If the
timer expires, a PBGT handover is executed successfully.

4 Parameters
Table 4-1 Parameters List
Recom
Managed Logic Value Default
Parameter Description Unit mended
Object Name Range Value
Value
This parameter determines
whether to use BER to calculate
the average quality.
If this parameter is set to "1
Use BER to (Yes)", the RQ degree should be
0:No
GBssFunction average converted to BER before the N/A 0 0
1:Yes
quality average of the measurement
report is calculated. If this
parameter is set to "0 (No)", the
RQ degree is directly used to
calculate the average.
This parameter indicates
whether to carry the
Synchronization Indication IE in a
handover message. If this
parameter is set to "1 (Yes)", the
BSC adds the Synchronization
Handover Indication IE in a Handover
synchroniz Command message to be sent
GBssHandover 0:No
ation and sets ROT to 1 for both N/A 0 0
Control 1:Yes
indication synchronous and asynchronous
support handovers. In this case, the MS
adds the Mobile Observed Time
Difference IE in a Handover
complete message to be sent,
reporting the clock reference
difference between the source
and target cells in this handover.

Recom
Value
whether to allow the BSC to
BSC
perform intra-cell handover. 0:not
GBssHandover intracell
allowed N/A 1 1
Control handover
1:allowed
enable

whether the MSC should return
response messages when the
BSC is handed over to an
external cell.
In an inter-BSC handover, if this
parameter is set to "1 (Yes)", the
HANDOVER REQUIRED
message contains the Response
Handover
GBssHandover Request IE, and the MSC returns 0:No
request N/A 1 1
Control a Response Request Reject 1:Yes
response
message to the BSC upon
handover failure. If this
parameter is set to "0 (No)", the
MSC does not return a Response
Request Reject message to the
BSC upon handover failure, and
the BSC knows the handover
failure through the timeout of
timer T7.
This parameter specifies the
contents in the Old BSS to New
BSS Information IE contained in
a HANDOVER REQUIRED
Old BSS to message in an outgoing
GBssHandover
new BSS handover. The four items 0..255 N/A 224 224
Control
information Synchronization Indication,
Cipher Mode Setting, Multi-Rate
configuration, and Frequency
List are controlled by the upper
four bits of the system control

Recom
Value
parameter OldToNewCtrl.
BIT3: Whether Multi-Rate
configuration is sent. Options: 0:
NOT SENT, 1: SENT.
BIT5: Whether the hopping
frequency parameter is set in the
FreqList format. Options: 0: NO,
1: YES.
BIT6: Whether to optimize the
setting of AMR MultiFrequency.
Options: 0: NO, 1: YES.
BIT7: Whether a HANDOVER
COMMAND contains the cipher
information parameter. Options:
0: NO, 1: YES.
BIT8: Whether to optimize the
synchronization information
parameter. Options: 0: NO,
1:YES.
Use N/P This parameter determines
When whether the N value, P value, or
Select the last average PBGT value is
GBssHandover Neighbour used for neighbor cell selection in 0:No
N/A 0 0
Control Cell for the case of PBGT handover on 1:Yes
Pbgt the TCH channel.
Handover
On Tch
Select the last average level value is
Neighbour used for neighbor cell selection in
GBssHandover 0:No
Cell for the case of uplink quality N/A 0 0
Control 1:Yes
Uplink handover on the TCH channel.
Quality
Handover
On Tch

Recom
Value
GBssHandover 0:No
Cell for the case of downlink quality N/A 0 0
Control 1:Yes
Downlink handover on the TCH channel.
Quality
Handover
On Tch
GBssHandover 0:No
Cell for the case of uplink level handover N/A 0 0
Control 1:Yes
Uplink on the TCH channel.
Level
Handover
On Tch
GBssHandover 0:No
Cell for the case of downlink level N/A 0 0
Control 1:Yes
Downlink handover on the TCH channel.
Level
Handover
On Tch

Recom
Value
During the communication
between an MS and the BTS, the
transmission power of the MS is
controlled by the network. The
network sets the power for the {freqBa
MS and sends a power-control nd==0}
command on the SACCH (There 5,
are two bytes in the SACCH {freqBand== {freqBa {freqBan
header. One byte is used for 0}[0..31], nd==1} d==0}5,
power control, and the other is {freqBand== 5, {freqBan
used for timing advance). 1}[0..31], {freqBa d==1}5,
The MS extracts the power {freqBand== nd==2} {freqBan
GExternalGsm MAX power control byte from the downlink 2}[0..31], 0, d==2}0,
N/A
Cell level of MS SACCH and transmits the power {freqBand== {freqBa {freqBan
at the specified power value. If 3}[0..31], nd==3} d==3}5,
the MS cannot transmit the {freqBand== 5, {freqBan
power at the specified power 4}[0..31], {freqBa d==4}0,
value, it transmits it at its {freqBand== nd==4} {freqBan
maximum power value. During 7}[0..31] 0, d==7}5
the power control executed by {freqBa
the BSC, this parameter nd==7}
indicates the maximum 5
transmission power available for
an MS in the cell. In addition, this
parameter is used for the BSC to
calculate PBGT.

Recom
Value
According to the GSM
specification, during an
asynchronous handover, the
BTS transmits a TA value that
should be used in the cell to the
MS through an RIL3_RR
PHYSICAL INFORMATION
message. After sending the first
RIL3_RR PHYSICAL
INFORMATION message, the
MAX BTS starts a timer T3105. If a
resending layer2 frame or TCH frame
GGsmCell times for cannot be decoded when the 5..35 N/A 20 20
physical timer expires, the BTS
information retransmits the RIL3_RR
message and restarts the timer
T3105.
The parameter NY1 (the Max
Number of Repetition)
determines the maximum
number of times that the
RIL3_RR PHYSICAL
INFORMATION message is
retransmitted.

Recom
Value
This parameter indicates the time
interval between a repeated
RIL3_RR PHYSICAL
INFOMATION message and the
last one during an asynchronous
handover on the SDCCH.
Timer start: When the network
sends an RIL3_RR PHYSICAL
Interval of
INFOMATION message, the
SDCCH re-
timer starts.
GGsmCell sending 1..67 N/A 28 28
Timer stop: When the network
PHY info
receives a correctly decoded
message
layer2 frame or receives a
HANDOVER FAILURE message
from the old channel, the timer
stops.
Timeout action: After the timer
expires, the RIL3_RR
message is retransmitted.

Recom
Value
This parameter indicates the time
interval between a repeated
RIL3_RR PHYSICAL
INFOMATION message and the
last one during an asynchronous
handover on the TCH.
Timer start: When the network
sends an RIL3_RR PHYSICAL
Interval of
INFOMATION message, the
TCH re-
timer starts.
GGsmCell sending 1..32 N/A 10 10
Timer stop: When the network
PHY info
receives a correctly decoded
message
layer2 frame or receives a
HANDOVER FAILURE message
from the old channel, the timer
stops.
Timeout action: After the timer
expires, the RIL3_RR
message is retransmitted.
In the GSM system, the BSC
makes handover decisions
according to the measurement
data. To avoid the negative
impact of burst measurement
values resulting from
complicated radio transmission,
Uplink the BSC, when making a
GHandoverCon power level handover decision, no longer
1..20 N/A 4 4
trol Sample uses the original measurement
count data but instead a series of
average values of the
measurement data.
window size (the number of
samples) used to calculate the
average uplink signal strength.
It is used for the TCH handover.

Recom
Value
In accordance with the GSM
specifications, Discontinuous
Transmission (DTX) means that
the system does not transmit
signals while the phone lacks a
voice input.
In DTX mode, the measurement
data reported to BSC falls into
two types. One is the average of
the measurement results of all
timeslots in a measurement
period in non-DTX mode, and the
other is the average of the
measurement results of some
special timeslots in a
measurement period in DTX
mode. The BSC selects a type of
measurement data for
GHandoverCon Uplink level calculating the average based on
1..3 N/A 2 2
trol Weight the actual conditions.
The first type of measurement
data is the average of the
measurement results of all
timeslots, so it is accurate. The
second type of measurement
timeslots, so it is less accurate.
Therefore, when averaging the
measurement values, the BSC
needs to use different weights for
the two types of measurement
data.
The HoUlLevWeight parameter
determines the weight for the first
type of measurement data in
averaging uplink signal strength
for handover. The weight for the

Recom
Value
data is set to 1 by default.

Recom
Value
the BSC, when making a
Downlink
handover decision, no longer
GHandoverCon power level
uses the original measurement 1..20 N/A 4 4
trol Sample
data but instead a series of
count
measurement data.
average downlink signal
strength.

Recom
Value
voice input.
Downlink
GHandoverCon calculating the average based on
level 1..3 N/A 2 2
trol the actual conditions.
Weight
data.
The HoDlLevWeight parameter
averaging downlink signal
strength for handover. The

Recom
Value
weight for the second type of
measurement data is set to 1 by
default.

Recom
Value
Uplink the BSC, when making a
GHandoverCon quality handover decision, no longer
1..20 N/A 3 3
measurement data.
average uplink signal quality.

Recom
Value
voice input.
Uplink
quality 1..3 N/A 2 2
Weight
data.
The HoUlQualWeight parameter
averaging uplink signal quality for
handover. The weight for the

Recom
Value

Recom
Value
Downlink the BSC, when making a
GHandoverCon quality handover decision, no longer
1..20 N/A 3 3
measurement data.
average downlink signal quality.

Recom
Value
voice input.
Downlink
quality 1..20 N/A 2 2
Weight
data.
The HoDlQualWeight parameter
averaging downlink signal quality
for handover. The weight for the

Recom
Value

Recom
Value
Distance
GHandoverCon uses the original measurement
Sample 1..20 N/A 4 4
trol data but instead a series of
count
measurement data.
distance (actually the Timing
Advance (TA)) between an MS
and the BTS.

Recom
Value
Neighborin uses the original measurement
GHandoverCon g cell data but instead a series of 1..20 N/A 4 4
trol Sample average values of the
count measurement data.
average signal strength of
neighbor cells.
This parameter is used for TCH
handover, and only for non-
emergency handover.

Recom
Value
According to GSM specifications,
an MS can report measured data
of up to six neighbor cells with
strongest signal strength.
Therefore, the measurement
results recorded by the BSC may
not be consecutive. For cells
whose signal strength is less
than -110 dBm, the measured
data is not reported. The BSC
marks the measured data of
these unreported cells as zero.
To avoid the negative impact of
zeros on averaging, suppose that
occasional zeros are allowed and
are not used in averaging.
However, excessive occurrences
Number of of zeros indicate that the signals
GHandoverCon zero of this neighbor cell are poor.
0..20 N/A 1 1
trol allowed in This parameter specifies the
AV number of occurrences of zeros
used for average calculation that
can be allowed or ignored during
averaging.
To be specific, during averaging,
if the number of zeros in the
sample exceeds ZeroAllowed,
these sample values are
regarded as unreliable, and the
measurement average is the
sum of the reported values
divided by NCellWindow. If the
number of zeros in the reported
values does not exceed
ZeroAllowed, these sample
values are regarded as reliable,
and the measurement average is
the sum of the reported values

Recom
Value
divided by (NCellWindow – the
number of zeros).

Recom
Value
interval for which an MS waits
before an actual inter-cell
handover occurs. Such a timer is
predominant for the MSs at the
boundary areas between two
cells, where inter-cell handover
occurs frequently. This
MIN parameter helps restrict frequent
interval inter-cell handover and improves
GHandoverCon
between call quality. 0..31 s 5 5
trol
inter-cell An inter-cell handover takes
handover place when the timer exceeds
the defined interval value from
the last inter-cell handover of the
MS. This parameter does not
affect common intra-cell or intra-
cell concentric handover but
instead the inter-cell handover.
The default value can be set to 5.
In accordance with GSM {parent.

specifications, a handover cellTyp
{parent.cellT {parent.c
decision can be made after the e==0}6
ype==0}[0..6 ellType=
required average values are 2,
2], =0}62,
acquired. {parent.
The distance between an MS cellTyp
Max time and the BTS is one of the e==1}6
2], =1}62,
advance reasons for handover. For the N 2,
GHandoverCon threshold averages of the latest TAs {parent.
ype==2}[0..6 N/A ellType=
trol between (distance), if P averages of them cellTyp
2], =2}62,
MS and are greater than this threshold, e==2}6
BTS the MS is handed over because 2,
the MS is beyond the coverage of {parent.
2], =3}62,
the cell. cellTyp
e==3}6
2,
18] =4}218
{parent.
cellTyp

Recom
Value
e==4}2
18

Recom
Value
This parameter indicates the 0:<-110
uplink receiving level threshold 1:-110~-109
for a TCH handover decision. 2:-109~-108
In accordance with GSM 3:-108~-107
specifications, a handover 4:-107~-106
decision can be made after the 5:-106~-105
required average values are 6:-105~-104
acquired. 7:-104~-103
The uplink receiving level is one 8:-103~-102
of the reasons for handover. For 9:-102~-101
the N averages of the recent 10:-101~-
uplink receiving level values, if P 100
averages of them are less than 11:-100~-99
the threshold, the MS should be 12:-99~-98
handed over because the uplink 13:-98~-97
receiving level value is too low. 14:-97~-96
The HoUlLevThs parameter 15:-96~-95
Uplink defines the related threshold 16:-95~-94
GHandoverCon receive value, HoUlLevN the value of N, 17:-94~-93
dBm 7 7
trol level and HoUlLevP the value of P. 18:-93~-92
Threshold Usually the value of HoUlLevThs 19:-92~-91
should be less than the threshold 20:-91~-90
for uplink power control 21:-90~-89
(increase). In this case, power is 22:-89~-88
controlled first. If power control 23:-88~-87
does not work, handover is 24:-87~-86
performed. 25:-86~-85
26:-85~-84
27:-84~-83
28:-83~-82
29:-82~-81
30:-81~-80
31:-80~-79
32:-79~-78
33:-78~-77
34:-77~-76
35:-76~-75
36:-75~-74

Recom
Value
37:-74~-73
38:-73~-72
39:-72~-71
40:-71~-70
41:-70~-69
42:-69~-68
43:-68~-67
44:-67~-66
45:-66~-65
46:-65~-64
47:-64~-63
48:-63~-62
49:-62~-61
50:-61~-60
51:-60~-59
52:-59~-58
53:-58~-57
54:-57~-56
55:-56~-55
56:-55~-54
57:-54~-53
58:-53~-52
59:-52~-51
60:-51~-50
61:-50~-49
62:-49~-48
63:>-48

Recom
Value
downlink receiving level 1:-110~-109
threshold for a TCH handover 2:-109~-108
decision. 3:-108~-107
In accordance with GSM 4:-107~-106
specifications, a handover 5:-106~-105
decision can be made after the 6:-105~-104
required average values are 7:-104~-103
acquired. The downlink receiving 8:-103~-102
value is one of the reasons for 9:-102~-101
handover. For the N averages of 10:-101~-
the recent downlink receiving 100
level values, if P averages of 11:-100~-99
them are less than the threshold, 12:-99~-98
the MS should be handed over 13:-98~-97
because the downlink receiving 14:-97~-96
value is too low. 15:-96~-95
Downlink The HoDlLevThs parameter 16:-95~-94
GHandoverCon receive defines the related threshold 17:-94~-93
dBm 15 15
trol level value, HoDlLevN the value of N, 18:-93~-92
Threshold and HoDlLevP the value of P. 19:-92~-91
Usually the value of HoDlLevThs 20:-91~-90
should be less than the threshold 21:-90~-89
for downlink power control 22:-89~-88
(increase). In this case, power is 23:-88~-87
controlled first. If power control 24:-87~-86
does not work, handover is 25:-86~-85
performed. This parameter can 26:-85~-84
be set to 15 (from –96 dBm to – 27:-84~-83
95 dBm) by default. It should be 28:-83~-82
noted that the value should be 3 29:-82~-81
dB more than the value of the 30:-81~-80
minimum access level 31:-80~-79
(RxLevAccessMin) of the cell. 32:-79~-78
33:-78~-77
34:-77~-76
35:-76~-75
36:-75~-74

Recom
Value
37:-74~-73
38:-73~-72
39:-72~-71
40:-71~-70
41:-70~-69
42:-69~-68
43:-68~-67
44:-67~-66
45:-66~-65
46:-65~-64
47:-64~-63
48:-63~-62
49:-62~-61
50:-61~-60
51:-60~-59
52:-59~-58
53:-58~-57
54:-57~-56
55:-56~-55
56:-55~-54
57:-54~-53
58:-53~-52
59:-52~-51
60:-51~-50
61:-50~-49
62:-49~-48
63:>-48

Recom
Value
This parameter indicates the
uplink receiving quality threshold
for a TCH handover decision.
In accordance with GSM
specifications, a handover
decision can be made after the
required average values are
acquired. The uplink receiving
quality is one of the reasons for
handover. For the N averages of
the recent uplink receiving
quality, if P averages of them are
greater than the threshold, the
Uplink
MS should be handed over
GHandoverCon receive
because the uplink receiving 8..70 N/A 49 49
trol quality
quality is too poor.
Threshold
The HoUlQualThs parameter

defines the related threshold
value, HoUlQualN the value of N,
and HoUlQualP the value of P.
Usually the value of

HoUlQualThs should be greater
than the threshold for uplink
power control (increase). In this
case, power is controlled first. If
power control does not work,
handover is performed.

Recom
Value
downlink receiving quality
threshold for a TCH handover
decision.
acquired. The downlink receiving
the recent downlink receiving
greater than the threshold, the
Downlink MS should be handed over
GHandoverCon receive because the downlink receiving
8..70 N/A 49 49
trol quality quality is too poor.
Threshold
The HoDlQualThs parameter
value, HoDlQualN the value of N,
and HoDlQualP the value of P.

HoDlQualThs should be greater
than the threshold
(PcDlInclQualThs in R_POC) for
downlink power control
(increase). In this case, power is
controlled first. If power control
does not work, handover is
performed.

Recom
Value
This parameter indicates the P
value used for TCH handover
caused by the uplink receiving
level.
acquired.
The uplink receiving level is one

of the reasons for handover. For
the N averages of the recent
uplink receiving level values, if P
Uplink
averages of them are less than
the threshold, the MS should be 1..20 N/A 2 2
trol level Value
handed over because the uplink
P
receiving level value is too low.
The HoUlLevThs parameter

value, HoUlLevN the value of N,
and HoUlLevP the value of P.
Usually the value of HoUlLevThs

should be less than the threshold
for uplink power control
performed.

Recom
Value
This parameter indicates the N
level.
acquired.
The uplink receiving level is one

of the reasons for handover. For
the N averages of the recent
uplink receiving level values, if P
Uplink
averages of them are less than
the threshold, the MS should be 1..20 N/A 3 3
trol level Value
N
receiving level value is too low.
The HoUlLevThs parameter

value, HoUlLevN the value of N,
and HoUlLevP the value of P.
Usually the value of HoUlLevThs

for uplink power control
performed.

Recom
Value
caused by the downlink receiving
level.
value is one of the reasons for
level values, if P averages of
them are less than the threshold,
the MS should be handed over
Downlink because the downlink receiving
GHandoverCon receive value is too low.
1..20 N/A 2 2
trol level Value The HoDlLevThs parameter
P defines the related threshold
value, HoDlLevN the value of N,
and HoDlLevP the value of P.
Usually the value of HoDlLevThs
for downlink power control
performed. This parameter can
be set to 15 (from –96 dBm to –
95 dBm) by default. It should be
noted that the value should be 3
dB more than the value of the
minimum access level
(RxLevAccessMin) of the cell.

Recom
Value
level.
value is one of the reasons for
level values, if P averages of
them are less than the threshold,
the MS should be handed over
Downlink because the downlink receiving
GHandoverCon receive value is too low.
1..20 N/A 3 3
trol level Value The HoDlLevThs parameter
N defines the related threshold
value, HoDlLevN the value of N,
and HoDlLevP the value of P.
Usually the value of HoDlLevThs
for downlink power control
performed. This parameter can
be set to 15 (from –96 dBm to –
95 dBm) by default. It should be
noted that the value should be 3
dB more than the value of the
minimum access level
(RxLevAccessMin) of the cell.

Recom
Value
quality.
Uplink quality, if P averages of them are
GHandoverCon receive greater than the threshold, the
1..20 N/A 2 2
trol quality MS should be handed over
Value P because the uplink receiving

Recom
Value
quality.
Uplink quality, if P averages of them are
GHandoverCon receive greater than the threshold, the
1..20 N/A 3 3
trol quality MS should be handed over
Value N because the uplink receiving

Recom
Value
quality.
Downlink greater than the threshold, the
GHandoverCon receive MS should be handed over
1..20 N/A 2 2
trol quality because the downlink receiving
Value P quality is too poor.
than the threshold
performed.

Recom
Value
quality.
Downlink greater than the threshold, the
GHandoverCon receive MS should be handed over
1..20 N/A 3 3
trol quality because the downlink receiving
Value N quality is too poor.
than the threshold
performed.

Recom
Value
acquired. Uplink co-channel
interference is one of the
reasons for handover. For the N
averages of the recent uplink
receiving level values, if P
averages of them are greater
than the threshold and the uplink
quality handover condition is
fulfilled, the MS should be
Uplink
receive
GHandoverCon co-channel interference is too
level of 1..20 N/A 2 2
trol strong.
intra-ho
The IntraHoUlLevThs parameter
Value P
value, IntraHoUlLevN the value
of N, and IntraHoUlLevP the
value of P. If this handover
condition is fulfilled, an internal
handover is usually performed in
the cell.
Generally, the value of
IntraHoUlLevThs should be
greater than the threshold
causing uplink power control
(decrease).

Recom
Value
acquired. Uplink co-channel
averages of the recent uplink
than the threshold and the uplink
quality handover condition is
fulfilled, the MS should be
Uplink
receive
GHandoverCon co-channel interference is too
level of 1..20 N/A 3 3
trol strong.
intra-ho
The IntraHoUlLevThs parameter
Value N
value, IntraHoUlLevN the value
of N, and IntraHoUlLevP the
the cell.
IntraHoUlLevThs should be
greater than the threshold
causing uplink power control
(decrease).

Recom
Value
acquired.
Downlink co-channel
averages of the recent downlink
than the threshold and the
downlink quality handover
Downlink condition is fulfilled, the MS
receive should be handed over because
GHandoverCon
level of the downlink co-channel 1..20 N/A 2 2
trol
intra-ho interference is too strong.
Value P The IntraHoDlLevThs parameter
value, IntraHoDlLevN the value
of N, and IntraHoDlLevP the
the cell.
IntraHoDlLevThs should be less
than or equal to the threshold
causing downlink power control
(decrease).

Recom
Value
acquired.
Downlink co-channel
averages of the recent downlink
than the threshold and the
downlink quality handover
Downlink condition is fulfilled, the MS
receive should be handed over because
GHandoverCon
level of the downlink co-channel 1..20 N/A 3 3
trol
intra-ho interference is too strong.
Value N The IntraHoDlLevThs parameter
value, IntraHoDlLevN the value
of N, and IntraHoDlLevP the
the cell.
IntraHoDlLevThs should be less
than or equal to the threshold
causing downlink power control
(decrease).

Recom
Value
specifications, a TCH handover
acquired.
The distance between an MS
Distance and the BTS is one of the
GHandoverCon
handover reasons for handover. For the N 1..20 N/A 2 2
trol
Value P averages of the latest TAs
(distance), if P averages of them
are greater than this threshold,
the MS is handed over because
the MS is beyond the coverage
of the cell.

specifications, a TCH handover
acquired.
The distance between an MS
Distance and the BTS is one of the
GHandoverCon
handover reasons for handover. For the N 1..20 N/A 3 3
trol
Value N averages of the latest TAs
(distance), if P averages of them
are greater than this threshold,
the MS is handed over because
the MS is beyond the coverage
of the cell.

value for PBGT handover. In the
PBGT process of a PBGT handover, if
GHandoverCon
handover P out of N PBGT values satisfies 1..20 N/A 2 2
trol
Value P the handover decision condition,
the PBGT handover condition is
fulfilled.

Recom
Value
value for PBGT handover. In the
PBGT process of a PBGT handover, if
GHandoverCon
handover P out of N PBGT values satisfies 1..20 N/A 3 3
trol
Value N the handover decision condition,
the PBGT handover condition is
fulfilled.
Allow intra- This parameter indicates
Cell whether to allow an intra-cell
handover handover caused by uplink
attempt interference at high speed. The
GHandoverCon 0:No
due to handover due to uplink N/A 0 0
trol 1:Yes
uplink interference is triggered when
interferenc the uplink level is high but signal
e(High quality is poor.
Speed)
attempt interference at high speed. The
GHandoverCon 0:No
due to handover due to downlink N/A 0 0
trol 1:Yes
downlink interference is triggered when
interferenc the downlink level is high but
e(High signal quality is poor.
Speed)
whether to allow a handover
caused by distance at high
Allow speed. The TA value increases
handover when an MS is beyond the cell,
GHandoverCon 0:No
due to and this handover is triggered N/A 0 0
trol 1:Yes
distance(Hi when the TA value reaches its
gh Speed) threshold.
The value is the 3rd bit of the
HoControl parameter of type
DWORD.

Recom
Value
whether to allow a standard
Allow
PBGT handover at high speed.
standard
Through PBGT handover, an
GHandoverCon PBGT 0:No
MS can be handed over to the N/A 1 1
trol handover( 1:Yes
cell with better quality.
High
The value is the 4th bit of the
Speed)
DWORD.
Allow This parameter indicates
quality whether to allow an uplink
GHandoverCon handover quality handover at high speed. 0:No
N/A 1 1
trol in The value is the 19th bit of the 1:Yes
uplink(High HoControl parameter of type
Speed) DWORD.
Allow level
whether to allow an uplink level
handover
GHandoverCon handover at high speed. 0:No
in N/A 1 1
trol The value is the 20th bit of the 1:Yes
uplink(High
Speed)
DWORD.
quality whether to allow the downlink
GHandoverCon handover quality handover at high speed. 0:No

The value is the 21th bit of the N/A 1 1
trol in 1:Yes
downlink(H HoControl parameter of type
igh Speed) DWORD.

Allow level
whether to allow a downlink
handover
GHandoverCon level handover at high speed. 0:No
in N/A 1 1
downlink(H
igh Speed)
DWORD.

Recom
Value
attempt interference at intermediate
GHandoverCon 0:No
due to speed. The handover due to N/A 0 0
trol 1:Yes
uplink uplink interference is triggered
interferenc when the uplink level is high but
e(Middle signal quality is poor.
Speed)
handover handover caused by downlink
attempt interference at intermediate
GHandoverCon 0:No
due to speed. The handover due to N/A 0 0
trol 1:Yes
downlink downlink interference is
interferenc triggered when the downlink
e(Middle level is high but signal quality is
Speed) poor.
caused by distance at
Allow
intermediate speed. The TA
handover
value increases when an MS is
GHandoverCon due to 0:No
beyond the cell, and this N/A 0 0
trol distance(M 1:Yes
handover is triggered when the
iddle
TA value reaches its threshold.
Speed)
The value is the 3rd bit of the
DWORD.
Allow whether to allow a standard
standard PBGT handover at intermediate
GHandoverCon PBGT speed. Through PBGT 0:No
N/A 1 1
trol handover( handover, an MS can be handed 1:Yes
Middle over to the cell with better
Speed) quality.

Recom
Value
DWORD.

Allow
whether to allow the uplink
quality
quality handover at intermediate
GHandoverCon handover 0:No
speed. N/A 1 1
trol in 1:Yes
uplink(Mid
dle Speed)
DWORD.
Allow level
handover
GHandoverCon handover at intermediate speed. 0:No
in N/A 1 1
uplink(Mid
dle Speed)
DWORD.
quality whether to allow a downlink
handover quality handover at intermediate
GHandoverCon 0:No
in speed. N/A 1 1
trol 1:Yes
downlink(M The value is the 21th bit of the
iddle HoControl parameter of type
Speed) DWORD.
Allow level
handover
level handover at intermediate
GHandoverCon in 0:No
speed. N/A 1 1
trol downlink(M 1:Yes
iddle
Speed)
DWORD.

Recom
Value
handover TCH handover caused by uplink
attempt interference.
GHandoverCon 0:No
due to N/A 0 0
trol 1:Yes
uplink
interferenc
e(Low
Speed)
handover TCH handover caused by
attempt downlink interference.
GHandoverCon 0:No
due to N/A 0 0
trol 1:Yes
downlink
interferenc
e(Low
Speed)
Allow
handover
GHandoverCon caused by distance. 0:No
due to N/A 0 0
trol The value is the 3rd bit of the 1:Yes
distance(L
ow Speed)
DWORD.
whether to allow a standard
Allow PBGT handover at low speed.
standard Through PBGT handover, an
GHandoverCon 0:No
PBGT MS can be handed over to the N/A 1 1
trol 1:Yes
handover(L cell with better quality.
ow Speed) The value is the 4th bit of the
DWORD.
GHandoverCon quality whether to allow an uplink 0:No

quality handover. N/A 1 1
trol handover 1:Yes
in The value is the 19th bit of the

Recom
Value
uplink(Low HoControl parameter of type
Speed) DWORD.

Allow level
handover
GHandoverCon handover. 0:No
in N/A 1 1
uplink(Low
Speed)
DWORD.
quality whether to allow a downlink
GHandoverCon handover quality handover. 0:No
N/A 1 1
trol in The value is the 21st bit of the 1:Yes
downlink(L HoControl parameter of type
ow Speed) DWORD.
Allow level
handover
GHandoverCon level handover. 0:No
in N/A 1 1
trol The value is the 22nd bit of the 1:Yes
downlink(L
ow Speed)
DWORD.
whether asynchronous
handovers to a cell are allowed.
0:not
GHandoverCon Asynchroni If the BSC fails to obtain the
allowed N/A 1 1
trol sm timing advance of the cell (target
1:allowed
cell), only asynchronous
handovers to the cell are
allowed.

Recom
Value
whether pseudo-synchronous
handover to a cell is allowed.
Pseudo- If an MS can calculate the timing 0:not
GHandoverCon
synchronis advance of the cell (target cell) allowed N/A 0 0
trol
m and the MS supports pseudo- 1:allowed
synchronous handover, pseudo-
synchronous handover to the
cell is allowed.
whether pre-synchronous
handover to a cell is allowed.
If the BSC obtains the timing
Pre- 0:not
GHandoverCon advance of the cell (target cell)
synchronis allowed N/A 0 0
trol and considers the timing
m 1:allowed
advance when sending a
handover command, pre-
synchronous handover to the
cell is allowed.
Handover This parameter indicates
to same whether it is allowed to perform
layer other PBGT handover to an adjacent
GHandoverCon band cell at the same layer but with
0..1 N/A 1 1
trol neighbour different frequency band.
cell for
PBGT
permitted
to whether it is allowed to perform
neighbour PBGT handover to an adjacent
GHandoverCon cell with no cell with no layer relationship.
0..1 N/A 1 1
trol Layer
Relation
for PBGT
permitted

Recom
Value
to upper whether to allow the PBGT
layer handover to the upper-layer
GHandoverCon
neighbour adjacent cell. 0..1 N/A 0 0
trol
cell for
PBGT
permitted
to under whether to allow the PBGT
layer handover to the lower-layer
GHandoverCon
neighbor adjacent cell. 0..1 N/A 0 0
trol
cell for
PBGT
permitted
penalty time for the target cell if
an MS fails to be handed over to
the target cell or the channel
allocation fails. During the
penalty time, this parameter is
used to perform an offset on the
Penalty level of this cell. This parameter
GHandoverCon time for determines the penalty duration.
1..255 N/A 14 14
trol handover
failure

Recom
Value
offset on the downlink level of
Level this cell in the penalty period.
GHandoverCon offset
0..63 dB 15 15
trol during
penalty
This parameter indicates that

the relationship between the
level and quality determines
whether a channel is interfered
during an intra-cell handover.
When IntraHoUlLevP out of
IntraHoUlLevN measurements
satisfy rxqual-ul≥FQSS
(RXLEV_UL+SOffSetUl), the
handover condition is met.
Where, rxqual-ul is the uplink
quality, QOffSetUL is the uplink
quality offset, AvRxlevUL(n) is
Uplink the uplink level, SOffSetUL is
GHandoverCon interferenc the uplink level offset, and
0..20 N/A 10 10
trol e quality FQSS is the current quality
offset offset determined by the level
and the corresponding uplink
quality offset (SOffSetUl). The
algorithm is as follows:
┌ 255
AvRxlevUL(n) < SOffSetUL + 20
InterFQSS= | QOffSetUl + 2
SOffSetUL + 20 ≤ AvRxlevUL(n)
< SOffSetUL + 30
| QOffSetUl + 3
< SOffSetUL + 40
└ QOffSetUl + 4

Recom
Value
After interference is confirmed,
services should inform the
database about the current
channel occupation rate when
applying to the database for
appropriate channels.
IntraHoUlLevN measurements
satisfy rxqual-ul≥FQSS
(RXLEV_UL+SOffSetUl), the
handover condition is met.
Where, rxqual-ul is the uplink
quality, QOffSetUL is the uplink
quality offset, AvRxlevUL(n) is
the uplink level, SOffSetUL is
Uplink the uplink level offset, and
GHandoverCon interferenc FQSS is the current quality
0..20 N/A 15 15
trol e level offset determined by the level
offset and the corresponding uplink
quality offset (SOffSetUl). The
algorithm is as follows:
┌ 255
AvRxlevUL(n) < SOffSetUL + 20
InterFQSS= | QOffSetUl + 2
< SOffSetUL + 30
| QOffSetUl + 3
< SOffSetUL + 40
└ QOffSetUl + 4

Recom
Value

Recom
Value
IntraHoDlLevN measurements
satisfy rxqual-dl≥FQSS
(RXLEV_UL,SOffSetUl,QOffSet
UL), the handover condition is
met. Where, rxqual-dl is the
downlink quality, QOffSetDL is
the downlink quality offset,
RXLEV_DL is the downlink
level, SOffSetDL is the downlink
level offset, and FQSS is the
current quality offset determined
Downlink
by the level and the
GHandoverCon interferenc
corresponding uplink quality 0..20 N/A 10 10
trol e quality
offset (SOffSetDl). The algorithm
offset
is as follows:
┌ 255
AvRxlevDL(n) < SOffSetDL + 20
InterFQSS= | QOffSetDl + 2
SOffSetDL + 20 ≤ AvRxlevDL(n)
< SOffSetDL + 30
| QOffSetDl + 3
< SOffSetDL + 40
└ QOffSetDl + 4

Recom
Value
IntraHoDlLevN measurements
satisfy rxqual-dl≥FQSS
(RXLEV_UL,SOffSetUl,QOffSet
UL), the handover condition is
met. Where, rxqual-dl is the
downlink quality, QOffSetDL is
the downlink quality offset,
RXLEV_DL is the downlink
level, SOffSetDL is the downlink
level offset, and FQSS is the
current quality offset determined
Downlink
by the level and the
GHandoverCon interferenc
corresponding uplink quality 0..20 dB 10 10
trol e level
offset (SOffSetDl). The algorithm
offset
is as follows:
┌ 255
AvRxlevDL(n) < SOffSetDL + 20
InterFQSS= | QOffSetDl + 2
< SOffSetDL + 30
| QOffSetDl + 3
< SOffSetDL + 40
└ QOffSetDl + 4

Recom
Value
If an MS performs handover
continuously in the cell, it
indicates great interference in
this position and no appropriate
channel is available.
In such a case, the MS shall be
forbidden to perform handover
within a certain period. The
method for making a decision is
as follows: If handover occurs
within the invalid intra-handover
Invalid time, then the previous
GHandoverCon intra- handover is considered to have
0..255 N/A 16 16
trol handover no influence on interference, the
time counter HoCount is incremented
by 1 and TMaxIHo restarts. If
handover occurs after the invalid
intra-handover time, the
previous handover is considered
valid and the counter is reset to
0.
If the counter reaches MaxIHo, it
indicates that no more attempt is
needed within a certain period,
and the intra-cell interference
handover penalty is applicable.

Recom
Value
If an MS performs handover
continuously in the cell, it
indicates great interference in
this position and no appropriate
channel is available.
In such a case, the MS shall be
forbidden to perform handover
within a certain period. The
method for making a decision is
as follows: If handover occurs
within the invalid intra-handover
MAX count time, then the previous
GHandoverCon of invalid handover is considered to have
0..10 N/A 3 3
trol intra- no influence on interference, the
handover counter HoCount is incremented
by 1 and TMaxIHo restarts. If
handover occurs after the invalid
intra-handover time, the
previous handover is considered
valid and the counter is reset to
0.
If the counter reaches MaxIHo, it
indicates that no more attempt is
needed within a certain period,
and the intra-cell interference
handover penalty is applicable.
The PBGT handover decision is 0..63

The
made until the downlink level of Correspondi
threshold
GHandoverCon the current cell is lower than the ng to -110
for starting N/A 35 35
trol start level threshold for PBGT dbm..-47
PBGT
handover decision. dbm.
handover
Step: 1

Recom
Value
time limit for handover back to
the original cell. In other words,
after a handover is performed
from cell A to cell B, it is not
allowed to perform a handover
Handover
GHandoverCon from cell B back to cell A within
back 0..60 s 5 5
trol the time limit.
penalty
This parameter is applicable to
non-emergency handovers. For
emergency handovers, use the
parameter
HOBACKPENALTYEMERG to
limit the time.

Recom
Value
interval for which an MS waits
before an actual inter-cell
handover occurs. Such a timer
is predominant for the MSs at
the boundary areas between two
cells, where inter-cell handover
occurs frequently. This
parameter helps restrict frequent
inter-cell handover and improves
call quality.
An inter-cell handover takes
MIN
place when the timer exceeds
interval
the defined interval value from
GHandoverCon between
the last inter-cell handover of the 0..31 s 0 0
trol inter-cell
MS. This parameter does not
emergency
affect common intra-cell or intra-
handover
cell concentric handover but
instead the emergent inter-cell
handover.
Emergency handovers include
quality handover, level
handover, intra-cell interference
handover, handover caused by
fast fading of uplink signals,
handover caused by sudden
uplink quality decrease,
handover from subcell 2 to
subcell 1.

Recom
Value
time limit for handover back to
the original cell. In other words,
after an emergent handover is
performed from cell A to cell B, it
is not allowed to perform a
Handover
handover from cell B back to cell
back
A within the time limit.
GHandoverCon penalty
Emergency handovers include 0..60 s 15 15
trol after
emergency
handover
subcell 1.

Recom
Value
uses the original measurement
data but instead a series of
Neighbour measurement data.
GHandoverCon cell for This parameter specifies the
1..20 N/A 4 4
trol emergency window size (the number of
handover samples) used to calculate the
average signal strength of
neighbor cells of an emergency
handover.
Emergency handovers include
subcell 1.

Recom
Value
The quality weight of
measurement report is
represented by 20 parameters.
The average uplink quality and [100,10
[100,100
average downlink quality use 0,100,1
,100,100
this group of parameters. The 00,100,
,100,100
first parameter indicates the 100,10
Quality ,100,100
weight of the latest 0,100,1
weight of ,100,100
GHandoverCon measurement report. For 00,100,
recent 1..100 N/A ,100,100
trol example, if the quality weights 100,10
measure ,100,100
are 100, 80, 60, and 40, and the 0,100,1
value ,100,100
quality average window size is 00,100,
,100,100
4, the quality is averaged 100,10
,100,100
through the following formula: 0,100,1
]
QAVG=(Q1*100+Q2*80+Q3*60 00,100]
+Q4*40)/(100+80+60+40) (Q1 is
the latest measurement value of
quality).
For the calculation of average [100,10
[100,100
level in a period, different levels 0,100,1
,100,100
use different weights to 00,100,
,100,100
Level distinguish the importance. This 100,10
,100,100
weight of parameter indicates the weight 0,100,1
,100,100
GHandoverCon recent of the recent Nth level. 00,100,
1..100 N/A ,100,100
trol measurem 100,10
,100,100
ent value 0,100,1
,100,100
level 00,100,
,100,100
100,10
,100,100
0,100,1
]
00,100]
Penalty This parameter indicates the
time for penalty time of the interference
handover handover in a cell, including the
GHandoverCon
caused penalty for handover failure and 1..255 N/A 7 7
trol
by continuous intra-cell handovers.
interferenc
e

Recom
Value
Interferenc
maximum interference band
e band
required by an intra-cell
requiremen
interference handover. If no
t for
GHandoverCon channel has an interference
intracell 1..5 N/A 2 2
trol band smaller than or equal to
handover
the value of this parameter), the
caused by
intra-cell handover cannot be
interferenc
performed.
e
This parameter indicates the 0:Handover

Relation type of the relation between a and reselect
GGsmRelation N/A 0 0
type neighbor cell and source cell, 1:Reselect
including handover, reselection, 2:Handover
and handover and reselection.
This parameter indicates the DN
of an internal cell or external
DN of
cell. Users can select it from the
GGsmRelation source NA N/A NA NA
interface and set the relation
Gsmcell
type to reselection and handover
cell.
This parameter indicates the DN
DN of of an internal cell or external
source cell. Users can select it from the
GGsmRelation NA N/A NA NA
ExternalGs interface and set the relation
mcell type to reselection and handover
cell.
This parameter indicates the {RelationTyp
sequence number of a neighbor e==1}[1..64],
cell used inside the iBSC for {RelationTyp
Relation neighbor cell management. e==2}[65..12
GGsmRelation N/A NA NA
Sequence 8],
{RelationTyp
e==0}[129..1
92]

Recom
Value
minimum Rx level on the BCCH 1:-110~-109
in a cell that allows an MS to be 2:-109~-108
handed over to the local cell. It 3:-108~-107
is one of the parameters for 4:-107~-106
determining the preferential cell 5:-106~-105
during handover control. The 6:-105~-104
MS in the cell monitors the Rx 7:-104~-103
level on the BCCH in each 8:-103~-102
neighbor cell. A neighbor cell 9:-102~-101
can be a candidate target cell for 10:-101~-
handovers only when its Rx 100
level is greater than the 11:-100~-99
minimum Rx level. A handover 12:-99~-98
decision may be made when the 13:-98~-97
required minimum Rx level in a 14:-97~-96
neighbor cell is greater than the 15:-96~-95
MIN power required minimum Rx level in 16:-95~-94
level for the local cell. This indicates that 17:-94~-93
GGsmRelation dBm 15 15
handover the MS is located on the cell 18:-93~-92
access boundary. 19:-92~-91
Generally, it is recommended to 20:-91~-90
set the minimum Rx level to a 21:-90~-89
value close to the receiver 22:-89~-88
sensitivity of the MS. For a cell 23:-88~-87
with traffic overload, the 24:-87~-86
minimum Rx level can be 25:-86~-85
properly increased to decrease 26:-85~-84
the C1 and C2 values in the cell 27:-84~-83
and reduce the effective 28:-83~-82
coverage of the cell. However, if 29:-82~-81
this parameter is set too high, 30:-81~-80
dead zones may occur on the 31:-80~-79
boundary between cells. 32:-79~-78
Generally, an Rx level no higher 33:-78~-77
than -90 dB is recommended for 34:-77~-76
traffic balancing. On the initial 35:-76~-75
operation stage of the network, 36:-75~-74

Recom
Value
this parameter can be set to 10 37:-74~-73
(-101 dBm to -100 dBm) or a 38:-73~-72
lower value, which is higher than 39:-72~-71
the receiver sensitivity (-102 40:-71~-70
dBm) of the MS. After the 41:-70~-69
network capacity is expanded or 42:-69~-68
major coverage problems are 43:-68~-67
resolved, this parameter can be 44:-67~-66
increased by 2. 45:-66~-65
46:-65~-64
47:-64~-63
48:-63~-62
49:-62~-61
50:-61~-60
51:-60~-59
52:-59~-58
53:-58~-57
54:-57~-56
55:-56~-55
56:-55~-54
57:-54~-53
58:-53~-52
59:-52~-51
60:-51~-50
61:-50~-49
62:-49~-48
63:>-48

Recom
Value
acquired. The PBGT value of a
neighbor cell is also a reason
that can trigger a handover. A
MIN decision to do a handover is
threshold made when the PBGT value of a
of signal neighbor cell is greater than or
GGsmRelation 0..100 dB 30 30
level for equal to the corresponding
handover threshold of the neighbor cell.
on PBGT The handover reason is that a
more appropriate cell is
detected.
This parameter is the threshold
that must be used for the
decision of a handover caused
by PBGT from a neighbor cell to
the local cell.
acquired. In a handover due to
MIN
Rx level, neighbor cells are
threshold
selected and sorted. The Rx
of signal
level in these cells must be
GGsmRelation level for 0..100 dB 27 27
higher than or equal to the
handover
corresponding threshold. This
on power
parameter is the threshold that
level
must be used for the decision of
a PS handover due to signal
strength from a neighbor cell to
the local cell.

Recom
Value
acquired. In a handover due to
MIN
Rx quality, neighbor cells are
threshold
selected and sorted. The Rx
of signal
GGsmRelation quality in these cells must be 0..100 dB 26 26
level for
higher than or equal to the
handover
corresponding threshold. This
on quality
parameter is the threshold that
must be used for the decision of
a handover triggered by poor
signal quality from a neighbor
cell to the local cell.
Only cells related to the serving
cell can be candidate target cells
for a rapid fading handover. This
Is related 0:No
GGsmRelation parameter indicates whether a N/A 0 0
cell 1:Yes
neighbor cell is related to the
serving cell. It is a parameter of
the neighbor cell.
traffic threshold in a target cell.
This threshold is used to
determine whether a handover
to the target cell is allowed. If
the traffic in the target cell is
higher than the threshold, no
Target cell handover to the cell is allowed.
GGsmRelation traffic This parameter is used for 0..100 % 75 75
threshold handover to and reselection of a
2G neighbor cell.

Recom
Value
whether the HO Access level in
Back to
PBGT handover is required to
Source Cell
GHandoverCon meet a specific condition. If the 0:No
when N/A 0 0
trol condition is not met, no PHY 1:Yes
PBGT
Info is sent. The handover fails
Handover
and the MS returns to the
source channel.
whether the HO Access level in
Back to
non PBGT handover is required
Source
GHandoverCon to meet a specific condition. If 0:No
Cell when N/A 0 0
trol the condition is not met, no PHY 1:Yes
Other
Info is sent. The handover fails
Handover
and the MS returns to the
source channel.

Recom
Value
The difference between the
expected uplink level and the
level in the HO Access message
can be used to determine
whether an MS in handover
shall return to the source
channel. The formula for
calculating the expected uplink
level is: (110 - 0..70:
TargetAverageRxLevel + If the
LinkBalance + parameter is
(HoAccessReqLevOffset - 35)). set to n, it
HoAccess Where, indicates the
GHandoverCon Require TargetAverageRxLevel indicates offset. For
dB 45 45
trol Rxlevel the last level of the target cell in detailed
offset an inter-cell handover or an information,
incoming handover from an refer to the
external BSC, or the downlink "Parameter
Rx level carried in an intra-cell Description"
handover or assignment. column.
LinkBalance indicates a value
for uplink and downlink balance.
It equals the actual transmit
power of the BTS subtracted by
the transmit power of the MS.
HoAccessReqLevOffset
indicates the level offset
required for handover detection.

Recom
Value
For the other types of handover
(instead of PBGT handover), a
decision of returning to the
source channel can be made
according to policy one based
on the expected uplink level or
policy two based on the
minimum allowed access level.
The formula for calculating the
expected uplink level in policy
one is: (110 -
TargetAverageRxLevel +
LinkBalance +
HoAccess
(HoAccessReqLevOffset - 35)).
Require
The formula for calculating the 1:Expected
Rxlevel
minimum allowed access level in uplink level
GHandoverCon Select
policy two is: (110- 2:Minimum N/A 1 1
trol Strategy
RxLevAccessMin). allowed
when
Where, access level
Other
TargetAverageRxLevel indicates
Handover
the last level of the target cell in
an inter-cell handover or an
incoming handover from an
external BSC, or the downlink
Rx level carried in an intra-cell
handover or assignment.
LinkBalance indicates a value
for uplink and downlink balance.
It equals the actual transmit
power of the BTS subtracted by
the transmit power of the MS.
RxLevAccessMin indicates the
minimum allowed access level.

Recom
Value
This parameter enables/disables
the back-to-source-cell function
Back to when TCH incoming handover is
Source performed. That is, whether to
Cell when set requirements on handover
GHandoverCon 0:No
MSC Access level for incoming HO. N/A 0 0
trol 1:Yes
Controlled PHY Info is not delivered if the
Incoming condition is not met and in this
Handover case, the MS returns to its
source channel.
This parameter indicates, during

good level and bad quality
handover, how much (in dB) the
Good level
downlink level of a neighbor cell
and bad
drops from that of the serving
quality [20,15, [20,15,1
GGsmRelation cell. It describes the mapping 0..63 N/A
handover 10,5,0] 0,5,0]
relationship with the downlink
NCell
level of the serving cell. The
MARGIN
downlink level range is (>= -60, -
60 to -70, -70 to -75, -75 to -85,
< -85).
This parameter describes

whether this cell supports good
Good level
level and bad quality handover.
and bad
GHandoverCon If the bad quality handover is 0:No
quality N/A 0 0
trol determined successfully but 1:Yes
handover
there is not a candidate cell, the
enable
system determines whether to
enable the high level and bad
quality handover.
0..63:
Good level
The system triggers the high correspondin
and bad
GHandoverCon level and bad quality handover g to -110
quality dBm 30 30
trol when the downlink level of this dBm..-47
handover
cell is higher than this dBm.
DL Level
parameter. Step: 1

Recom
Value
Applies to the case of returning
to the source channell upon
handover failure. Set a proper CI
threshould according to the CI
GHandoverCon HoAccess
actually used so that a handover 0..255 N/A 12 12
trol Require CI
with the CI above the threshold
can be accessed and a
handover with the CI below the
threshold will be returned.
whether synchronous handovers
to a cell are allowed.
0: not
If the BSC detects that the
GHandoverCon Synchronis allowed
timing advance of the cell (target N/A 1 1
trol m
cell) is equal to that of the
1: allowed
source cell, synchronous
handovers to the cell are
allowed.
Whether This parameter determines
Carrying whether carrying NewToOld in
GBssHandover NewToOld Handover Request Ack 0:No
N/A 1 1
Control in the message, for NewToOld may 1:Yes
HoReqAck not be decoded by some MSC.
Message
This parameter sets whether
handover is allowed when the
Allow TCH TCH is in signaling mode. The
handover switch is added according to
GHandoverCon 0:No
when in onsite requirements, aiming at N/A 1 1
trol 1:Yes
signal controlling whether handover is
mode allowed when the TCH is in
signaling mode for the FACCH
calling function.

5 Related Counters and Alarms
5.1 Related Counters
Table 5-1 Counter List

Counter ID Name
C901260001 Number of signaling TCH/F seizure attempts for assignment
C901260003 Number of signaling TCH/F seizure failure for assignment
C901260004 Number of signaling TCH/F seizure attempts for handover
C901260006 Number of signaling TCH/F seizure failure for handover
C901260020 Number of voice TCH/F seizure attempts for assignment
C901260022 Number of voice TCH/F seizure failure for assignment
C901260023 Number of voice TCH/F seizure attempts for handover
C901260025 Number of voice TCH/F seizure failure for handover
C901260069 Number of data TCH/F seizure attempts for assignment
C901260071 Number of data TCH/F seizure failure for assignment
C901260072 Number of data TCH/F seizure attempts for handover
C901260074 Number of data TCH/F seizure failure for handover
C901270001 Number of signaling TCH/H seizure attempts for assignment
C901270003 Number of signaling TCH/H seizure failure for assignment
C901270004 Number of signaling TCH/H seizure attempts for handover
C901270006 Number of signaling TCH/H seizure failure for handover
C901270020 Number of voice TCH/H seizure attempts for assignment
C901270022 Number of voice TCH/H seizure failure for assignment
C901270023 Number of voice TCH/H seizure attempts for handover
C901270025 Number of voice TCH/H seizure failure for handover
C901270069 Number of data TCH/H seizure attempts for assignment
C901270071 Number of data TCH/H seizure failure for assignment
C901270072 Number of data TCH/H seizure attempts for handover
C901270074 Number of data TCH/H seizure failure for handover
C900040137 Number of forced retracting dynamic PDCH by BSC
C900040167 Number of dynamic PDCH preempted by CS service
C901130045 Number of attempts of TCH/F seizure of the second sub cell

(used for assignment)
C901130046 Number of TCH/F seizure success of the second sub cell (used
for assignment)
C901130047 Number of TCH/F seizure failure of the second sub cell (used for
assignment)

C901130048 Number of attempts of TCH/F seizure of the second sub cell

(used for handover)
C901130049 Number of TCH/F seizure success of the second sub cell (used
for handover)
C901130050 Number of TCH/F seizure failure of the second sub cell (used for
handover)
C901130051 Number of TCH/H seizure attempts of the second sub cell (used
for assignment)
C901130052 Number of TCH/H seizure success of the second sub cell (used
for assignment)
C901130053 Number of TCH/H seizure failure of the second sub cell (used for
assignment)
C901130054 Number of TCH/H seizure attempts of the second sub cell (used
for handover)
C901130055 Number of TCH/H seizure success of the second sub cell (used
for handover)
C901130056 Number of TCH/H seizure failure of the second sub cell (used for
handover)
C901070250 Number of SDCCH force releases due to TA
C901070251 Number of TCH/F force releases due to TA
C901070252 Number of TCH/H force releases due to TA
C910080146 Number of TCH/F force releases due to TA (VGS talker)
C910080147 Number of TCH/F force releases due to TA (VBS talker)
C901000120 Number of DL GPRS TBF force releases due to TA
C901000121 Number of DL EGPRS TBF force releases due to TA
C901000122 Number of DL GPRS TBF establish fail due to TA forbid
C901000123 Number of DL EGPRS TBF establish fail due to TA forbid
C901010112 Number of UL GPRS TBF force releases due to TA
C901010113 Number of UL EGPRS TBF force releases due to TA
C901100112 Number of invalid access by channel request due to TA forbid
C901200114 Number of invalid access by EGPRS channel request due to TA

forbid

5.2 Related Alarms

This feature has no related alarms.
6 Engineering Guide
6.1 Application Scenario
This feature is enabled as required.
When an MS moves from an area covered by a site to an area covered by another site,
or if the call quality drops due to interference during a conversation, a channel with better
voice quality should be used to keep the conversation on and perform the proper handover
to the target cell.
If the target cell and source cell are in the coverage of the same BTS, an intra-cell
handover is initiated. If the target cell and source cell are in the coverage of different BTSs,
an inter-cell handover is initiated.
The values of the uplink/downlink level quality and TA measured by the MS and BTS are
taken for the handover to determine whether the MS should be handed over to a cell
based on the handover decision criterion and resource allocation algorithm.
6.2 Feature Activation Procedure
6.2.1 BSC Intra-Cell Handover
In the configuration resource tree, select Modify Area > Managed Element > GSM
Logical Configuration > Global Information Configuration, double click BSS
Function Handover Control, and set BSC intracell handover enable, see the following
figure.

Figure 6-1 BSC Intra-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 1
Logical Configuration > Cell Information Configuration, double click Handover
Control, and set the following parameters:
 Allow intra-Cell handover attempt due to uplink interference(Low Speed)
 Allow intra-Cell handover attempt due to downlink interference(Low Speed)
 Uplink interference quality offset
 Uplink interference level offset
 Downlink interference quality offset
 Downlink interference level offset

6.2.2 BSC Inter-Cell Handover (Intra-BSC)
 Uplink receive level Threshold(dBm)
 Downlink receive level Threshold(dBm)
 Uplink receive quality Threshold

 Downlink receive quality Threshold
 Uplink receive level Value P
 Uplink receive level Value N
 Downlink receive level Value P
 Downlink receive level Value N
 Uplink receive quality Value P
 Uplink receive quality Value N
 Downlink receive quality Value P
 Downlink receive quality Value N
 Uplink receive level of intra-ho Value P
 Uplink receive level of intra-ho Value N
 Allow quality handover in uplink(Low Speed)
 Allow level handover in uplink(Low Speed)
 Allow quality handover in downlink(Low Speed)
 Allow level handover in downlink(Low Speed)
 Force release the Call when TA exceed TaAllowed
 TA excess release call value N
 TA excess release call value P

Figure 6-4 BSC Inter-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 1

Logical Configuration > Adjacent Relation Configuration, double click Adjacent GSM
Cell Configuration, and set the following parameters:
 Parent MO description

 Relation type
 DN of source Gsmcell
 MIN power level for handover access(dBm)
 MIN threshold of signal level for handover on power level(dB)
 MIN threshold of signal level for handover on quality(dB)
6.2.3 MSC Intra-Cell Handover(Inter-BSC)
 Uplink receive level Threshold(dBm)
 Downlink receive level Threshold(dBm)
 Uplink receive quality Threshold
 Downlink receive quality Threshold
 Uplink receive level Value P
 Uplink receive level Value N
 Downlink receive level Value P
 Downlink receive level Value N
 Uplink receive quality Value P
 Uplink receive quality Value N
 Downlink receive quality Value P
 Downlink receive quality Value N
 Uplink receive level of intra-ho Value P

 Uplink receive level of intra-ho Value N
Figure 6-8 MSC Intra-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 1

Logical Configuration > External GSM Cell Configuration, double click External
Resource Configuration, and set the following parameters:
 Cell Identity
 BCCH arfcn
 NCC
 BCC
 LAC
 MCC
 MNC
 FreqBand
 Cell type

Logical Configuration > Adjacent Relation Configuration, double click Adjacent GSM
Cell Configuration, and set the following parameters:
 Relation type
 MIN power level for handover access(dBm)
 MIN threshold of signal level for handover on power level(dB)
 MIN threshold of signal level for handover on quality(dB)

6.2.4 MSC Inter-Cell Handover
The configuration is the same as that described in Section 6.2.3 MSC Intra-Cell Handover,
except that the external GSM cell and the neighboring GSM cell are configured to different
cells.
6.3 Feature Validation Procedure
There are several types of basic handover. The only difference among them lies in that
whether a handover occurs in intra-cell of a BSC, inter-cell of a BSC, intra-cell of an MSC,
or inter-cell of an MSC. The following description is based on a typical type.
Test Item Inter-Cell and Intra-BSC Handover
Precondition 1. The CN is in good condition.
2. The BSC is operating properly.
3. The SDR is operating properly.
4. Cell A and Cell B in the same BSC are available, and
the default cell configuration and parameter
configurations are correct in the BSC.
5. The MSs are ready for the test.
6. The radio environment is good.

Test Item Inter-Cell and Intra-BSC Handover
Test steps 1. On the Adjacent GSM Cell Configuration tab, set Cell
A as the serving cell, Cell B as the neighboring cell of
Cell A, and set Min threshold of signal level for
handover on quality to a proper value (for example,
0).
2. On the Handover Control tab, set Allow quality
handover in uplink (Low Speed) and Allow quality
handover in downlink (Low Speed) to Yes
respectively.
3. On the Handover Control tab, set Uplink/Downlink
receive quality threshold to a proper value. A small
value is favorable, for example, 8.
4. Open the BSSAP signaling tracing window for the two
cells.
5. MS1 initiates a call in the serving cell.
6. Add interference with a shielding device to the serving
cell to make the UL/DL quality level of the MS lower
than the threshold.
Anticipative result 1. The MS is handed over from Cell A to Cell B and the
call does not drop.
2. There is a "handover performed" message in the
BSSAP signaling tracing result with the handover cause
of "UL quality" or "DL quality".
6.4 Feature Deactivation Procedure
Logical Configuration > Global Information Configuration, double click BSS
Function Handover Control, and set BSC intracell handover enable, see the following
figure.

Figure 6-12 Feature Deactivation 1
 Allow intra-Cell handover attempt due to uplink interference(Low Speed)
 Allow intra-Cell handover attempt due to downlink interference(Low Speed)


6.5 Network Impact
1. Impact on the network
With this feature enabled, subscribers can make conversations during movement
between different cells; therefore, the network quality and subscribers' perception are
improved.
To apply this feature, you should note the following issues:
 The neighboring cell layer and static priority can control the handover direction.
 The introduction of dynamic priority can automatically adjust the traffic distribution in
the network to relieve network congestion.
 The failure penalty policy can reduce the number of cell failures in a target cell to
improve the success rate of handover. It is recommended that the penalty period of
handover failures should be set to 10–15 s.
 The layer is a logic layer, irrespective of the actual site type (macro site or micro site).
Layer settings may impact the priority selection of a target cell during a handover.
The priority of the layer is higher than the static or dynamic priority.

2. Impact on the NEs
This feature has no impact on the capacity of the BSC and BTSs after it is enabled.
7 Abbreviation
Abbreviations Full Characteristics
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CS Circuit Switch
EFR Enhanced Full Rate
FR Full Rate
GERAN GSM Edge Radio Access Network
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
HR Half Rate
SDCCH Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel
TCH Traffic Channel
8 Reference Document
ZXUR 9000 GSM (V6.50.33) Base Station Controller Performance Counter Reference
ZXUR 9000 GSM (V6.50.33) Base Station Controller Radio Parameter Reference

GERAN ZGB-02-02-001 Basic Handover Feature Guide (V4) - V1.0 PDF

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ZGB-02-02-001 Basic

Handover Feature Guide

ZGB-02-02-001 Basic Handover Feature Guide

© 2019 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 1

1 Feature Attribute ............................................................................................ 4

3 Technical Description .................................................................................... 7

5 Related Counters and Alarms ..................................................................... 84

6 Engineering Guide ....................................................................................... 87

7 Abbreviation ............................................................................................... 102

8 Reference Document.................................................................................. 102

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 2

Figure 6-1 BSC Intra-Cell Handover Parameter Configuration 1 ........................................88

Table 2-1 License Control List ............................................................................................ 5

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 3

BTS Version: [Independent of the BTS hardware platform]

Related Network Element:

2.1 Feature Introduction

An MS continuously submits measurement reports during a conversation. The BSC

There are the following handover types:

 Intra-cell handover: handover between similar channels in a cell

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 4

 Intra-BSC inter-cell handover: handover between similar channels in different cells

 Intra-MSC inter-BSC handover: handover between similar channels in different cells

2.2 License Control

Table 2-1 License Control List

License Configured Sales

ZGB-02-02-001 Basic Handover Basic

2.3 Correlation with Other Features

2. Mutually Exclusive Features

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 5

This feature is functionally related to the following features:

ZGB-02-003 Handover Mode

ZGO-02-02-001 Handover Between Macro- and Micro-cells

ZGO-02-02-002 Dynamic Handover Priority Algorithm

ZGO-02-02-003 Directed-Shift Handover

ZGO-02-02-005 Handover Failure Penalty

ZGO-02-014 Rapid Level Drop Handover

ZGO-02-02-007 Traffic Based Handover

ZGO-05-02-008 Multi-layer Cell Structure

ZGO-05-02-009 Concentric Circle Technology

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 6

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 7

 Signal Quality (Uplink/Downlink) Handover

 Signal Level (Uplink/Downlink) Handover

 Signal Interference (Uplink/Downlink) Handover

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 8

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 9

Table 4-1 Parameters List

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 10

This parameter determines

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 11

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 12

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 13

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 14

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 15

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 16

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 17

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 18

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 19

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 20

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 21

ZTE Confidential & Proprietary 22