Air pollution is a threat to our health, both outdoor and household air pollution.

It’s a silent killer that

causes around 7 million deaths a year worldwide according to WHO. As the indoor generation, we spend
around 22 hours inside building every day, where the concentrations of some pollutants are often 2 to 5
times higher than typical outdoor concentrations. Especially in urban areas exposure to indoor air
pollution has increased due to the construction of a rapid building, the use of synthetic materials for
building furnishing, the use of artificial HVAC systems and the use of chemical household products.
Nowadays the use of the green wall as an air purifier to reduce the concentration of pollutants is
common in the urban area. There are many kinds of green wall systems, one of the current green wall
system is Biofilter Green Wall. It has the same method as Japan’s eco planter which uses the
Phytoremediation principle to remove indoor air pollutions through a root level circulation system.
Green Wall usually installed with a modular pattern to make the fabrication of each part easier.

The use of Biofilter Green Wall in urban area are becoming increasingly common. Modular boxes system
tends to be the green wall technology most widely used especially for temporary installations, it’s easy
to install, replace and remove panel by panel. But with this system, the space available for root
development is limited to a few cubic centimeters. These limitations lead to less productivity of root
system

Most higher plants have a modular structure, and the plant body is plastically constructed from variable
numbers of leaves plus buds and branch roots. Plasticity enables the phenotype to accurately occupy
local space, change its phenotype as it grows, forage accurately for resources, competitively exclude
neighbours and construct, within genetic/environmental limitations, its own niche. The niche concept
involves little understood competitive and cooperative two‐way signalling between individual and
environment that is important in community structure (Muller‐Landau 2003; Uriarte and Reeve 2003;
Silvertown 2004; Donohue 2005; Kelly et al. 2008; Liebold 2008). Badri & Vivanco (2009) in this issue
reviewed recent information on root exudates that contribute to niche construction.

The absorption of lead by roots occurs via the apoplastic pathway or via Ca2+-permeable channels.The
behavior of lead in soil, and uptake by plants, is controlled by its speciation and by the soil pH, soil
particle size, cation-exchange capacity, root surface area,root exudation, and degree of mycorrhizal
transpiration.

allows the maximum amount of air to reach the root rhizomes

while using the minimum amount of material.
The recent availability of design and production techniques is changing the development of building
details, including the façade. Parametric design and digital fabrication might offer the potential to
expand the boundaries of conventional construction. This research project will explore particular kinds of
Biofilter Green Wall modular patterns using parametric design to reach optimum pollutant filtration and
thermal comfort.
Numerous kinds of Biofilter Green Wall are already developed. Research on the consequences of this
shift has focused on the objective measure of plant varieties, but there has been little work exploring the
modular pattern of Biofilter Green Wall and this relation to pollutant filtration and thermal comfort.

The primary research method for this study is an experimental study followed by prototyping and
feasibility study. This study will first identify various plants behavior in green walls and their
characteristic. Based on this understanding, some parametric modular patterns will be developed. In the
second stage of this study, prototyping models of the modular pattern will be produced and followed by
the feasibility study.