FACTORS AFFECTING DISINFECTION

AND STERILISATION
• Concentration
• Contact time
• pH
• Temperature
• Soil load
• Organism type
 LEVEL OF DISINFECTANT
• High level disinfectants

• Intermediate level disinfectants

• Low level disinfectants

 ALCOHOL
CHLORINE
COMPOUNDS PHENOL

CLASSIFICATION
OF
ALDEHYDE
SURFACE DISINFECTANTS
ACTIVE
AGENTS

QUATERNARY IODOPHOR
AMMONIUM
COMPOUNDS
 Uses Action Advantages Disadvantages
• cleaning Denatures • general fast • Flammable
some bacterial acting • <50% not very
instrument protein. disinfectant effective
• Cleaning • Combines • Not active for
skin with other certain viruses
disinfectant • Evaporates
(phenols, quickly
iodine) • Contact time
• Fairly not sufficient
expensive for killing
• Toxic and eye
irritant
 STERILIUM(500ml)
Composition- each 100gm contains
2-Proponol 45gm
1-Proponol 30gm
Ethyl hexadecyl- dimethyl ammonium
ethylsulphate 0.2gm
Uses
Effective against antibiotic resistant bacteria, TB,
fungi, viruses
Used undiluted
Surgical hand disinfectant - 9ml/6push for 3min upto
elbow
Hygenic hand disinfection- 2-3ml/2 push for 30sec
 CUTASEPT (500ml)
 Compositions - each 100gm contains
Isopropanol 63.ogm
Benzalkonium chloride 0.025gm
 Uses
• Effective against bacteria, fungi, TB, viruses
• Used undiluted
• Pre-operative skin disinfectant contact time
2 mins
• After surgery around operation site
• Dressing of wound
• Prior to minor procedure i.e. LP, SCOPY,
for 30 secs
 SOFT CARE SKIN SEPT(500ml)
 Composition-
1-Propanol 50%
2-Propanol 20%
Chlorhexidine gluconate 2%
Glycerol 1-3%
 Uses
• Used undiluted
• Pre and post surgical procedure apply to
skin and dry
 ALDEHYDES
Uses Action Advantages Disadvantages

•Effective •Coagulates •Good activity • toxic preparation

against wide cellular protein against •Inactivated
spectrum vegetative by organic
bacteria, bacteria, spores, compound
viruses, viruses
sporicidal(10 •Non Staining
hrs contact and corrosive
period) •Used as
sterilant on
plastic, rubber,
lens, steel, and
other which can’t
be autoclaved
 FORMALDEHYDE

 Available strength 40%

 Uses
 For fumigation
• Mannual – 300ml of 40% formalin+150gm
of Kmno4 for 24-48 hrs
• Regular - 30ml of formalin+90ml of water
for 6hrs
• Intense – 30ml of formalin+90ml of water
for 6hrs
 HPE – 10% formalin
 FORMALDEHYDE TABLETS

1 Formalin tablet for 3 cubic inches

for 6 hrs – for rubber goods, cameras,
microscopes etc
 CIDEX
 Composition
Gluteraldehyde - 2%
 Uses
• Sterilization of instrument 14 days after
activation for 10 hrs
• High level disinfectant – for 20 min
 SANILLOCID/BACILLOCID
 Composition
1,6 Dihydroxy 2,5 dioxyhene 11.2g
Benzalkonium chloride 5.0gm
Gluteraldehyde 5.0gm
Alkyl urea derivative 3.0gm
 Uses
• For OT and critical care area- 2% (200ml in 10
lit water)
• For dressing room and wards -0.5% (50 ml in
10 lit water)
 PERASAFE (810gm)

 Available strength- 810gm

 Preparation – Add 16.2gm in 1 lit of water
 Uses
• Instruments disinfection and immerse
instruments for 10 mins
• Sporicidal, tuberculocidal, virucidal,
bactericidal
 CHLORINE COMPOUND
Uses Action Advantages Disadvantages

•Good disinfectant •Free chlorine •May be used in •Eye, skin,

for cleanup of combines with food preparation respiratory
blood, body fluid water and irritant
spillage forms
•Bactericidal hypochlorous
• Fungicidal acid which is
• Sporicidal strong oxidising
•Virucidal agent and
effective
disinfectant
 SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
 Available strength – 4% and 6%
 Uses
• For removing stains from cloth – 4% and 6%
used
• 1 part of sod. Hypochlorite and 5 part of water
is effective against virus, bacteria, cleaning and
disinfecting surface in hospital
• 1% for sharp disinfectant
• Spillage- 0.5% for half an hour
• Infected cases-instruments are dipped for half
an hour in2% NaoClO
 CLEAN AND SEPT TABLET
Composition:
sodium dichloroisocyanurate – 500 mg
For disinfection
• Blood spillage -4 tab in 110 ml of water
• Work surfaces, cupboards and floors – 1 tab in 2
L of water
• Infected & soiled linens- 1 tab in 2 L water for 1
hr
• Utensils, glassware, rubber & plastic tubings- 1
tab in 2 L of water for 1 hr
• Moping- 1 tab in 4.6 L of water
 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
 Available strength 3% & 6%
 Uses
• Disinfecting surface
• Antiseptic
• 3% for removing blood stain from
cloth
• 10%-25% kills all organism with
spores
 IODOPHOR
Uses Action Advantages Disadvantages
•Disinfecting •Free iodine •Less tissue toxic •Poor activity
some with detergent •Kills immediately against spores
semi critical kills •Bactericidal, •May stain plastic
instrument microorganis fungicidal, skin and steel
•Effective m through pseudomonocidal
against gram oxidation of in 10 min
positive and essential exposure
gram negative enzymes •Tuberculocidal &
organisms virucidal in 20 min
exposure
 IOPREP(100ml)
 Composition-
Iodine 1%w/v
 Uses
• Treatment of bacteria, mycotic skin
infection
• Used undiluted
• For surgical hand washing
• Procedure against laceration and abrasion
 POVIDONE TINTURA(500ml)
 Composition-
Ethanol 77%
Povidone Iodine 9.4%
 Uses
• Used undiluted
• Pre and post op skin antiseptic
• Broad spectrum bactericidal, fungicidal,
virucidal, sporicidal
 POVIDONE IODINE(100ML)
 Composition- In 5% povidone iodine
Iodine - 0.5% w/v
Uses
• Broad spectrum against gram negative
and gram positive bacteria
• Used undiluted
• Pre and post operative skin preparation
• Cleaning and dressing of wound
• Procedure against infection, burns, laceration, abrasions.
 POVIDONE TOPICO (500ml)

Composition
Povidone Iodine 8.6%
Uses
Broad spectrum bactericidal, fungicidal,
virucidal, sporicidal
Antimicrobial hand washing- 3ml onto wet
hand wash for 30 sec
Surgical hand washing- same for 2 min
 PHENOL
Uses Action Advantages Disadvantages

•Bactericidal •Disrupts cell •It produces •Unpleasant odor

•Fungicidal wall protein anti-rusting •Prolonged contact
•Tuberculocida effect deteriorates rubber
l •Skin and eye irritant
•virucidal •Corrosive and toxic
 PHENOL(CARBOLIC ACID)

 Strength available 2%
 Strength used 1:20
 Uses
• Broad spectrum against gram negative and
gram positive microorganisms, viruses, TB ,HIV,
HBV
• For cleaning and disinfecting surface
• Kills HIV and HBV virus in 1 min and TB virus in
10 mins
 UNILON /SAVLON

Composition
cetrimide 15%W/V
chlorhexidine gluconate 7.5%w/v
isopropyl alcohol 8.0%w/v
 Uses
 Effective against bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses
Strength- 1 part in 99 part of water
swabing in obstetrics, gynaecological
&
urological surgery
 UNILON/SAVLON
• Strength 1 part in 30 part of water
- Cleaning and disinfecting wound
- Disinfecting used contaminated
surgical items i.e catheters,
rubbers,
tubings.
• Strength 1 part in 29 part of water
- Pre operative and other invasive
procedures
 QUATERNARY AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

Uses Action Advantages Disadvantages

•Housekeeping (floor, Affects •Contains •Effectiveness
furniture) protein and detergent to influenced by hard
•Bactericidal cell help loosen soil water
•Fungicidal membrane •Rapid action •Layer of soap
•Virucidal •Colorless interferes action
•Odorless •Not effective on
•Non toxic tubercle bacilli ,
spores, viruses
 MAXIMA 256
Composition
Alkyl diethyl benzyl ammonium chloride 6.4%
Octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride 4.8%
Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride 3.23%
Dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride 2.40%
Other ingredient 83.17%
Uses
Disposal of infectious material - for HIV contact time
4 mins and 10 mins for HBV and HCV
Toilet bowl/urinal/disinfectant/cleaner
 VIREX 256
Composition
Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride 8.7%
N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium Cl 8.19%
Lacryl ammonium oxide
Uses
High level disinfectant-10 % solution (100ml
in 1 lit ) for instruments 30 mins
Sterilization- 10 hrs
Surface disinfectant- OT, critical care area
0.4% (4 ml in 1 lit of water)
OTHER SOLUTIONS
 VIRKON

 Composition- each 100 gm contains

Potassium Monosulphate 49.8%
Sodium chloride 1.5%
 Uses
• 5 gm in 1 lit of water- disinfecting OT,ICU,
ICCU,NICU CATH LAB
• 50 gm in 1 lit of water- for fogging
 CIDEZYME
Uses:-
• It is a enzymatic cleaner.
• Pre-cleaning of surgery equipments & cleaning of
endoscopes.
• For fast cleaning of biological residues.
• It enzymatic cleaner for surgical, medical & dental
instruments including flexible & rigid endoscopes.
Strength:-
• Add 8ml in 1 Ltr of water for cleaning the
instruments.
• Add 16 ml in 1 Ltr of water for equipment with
dried on organic matter soak instrument for 1 min.
 SANIQUAD/DETTOL(5 L)
 Composition
Chloroxylenol 4.0%
Terpineol 9.0%
Ethanol 13.1%
 USES
• Strength 5ml in 250 ml of water
- First aid
• Strength 5ml in 500ml of water
- for degerming of linens, floors,
spraying rooms and
cleaning nappy
 DETTOL
STRENGTH USES

30 ml dettol+62ml alcohol+ 8 ml Pre operative skin preparation

water

1 ml in 40 ml water(2.5%) Antisepsis in obstetric and

gynaecology,
general disinfection of wards,
theatres, hand, face, mask, soiled
hospital linen, dandruff

1 ml in 20 ml water (5%) Cuts and wounds, bathing,

irrigation of abscess & boils

10-20 drops Gargling

 HOW DO WE DISINFECT THESE???
Description Method Disinfectant

Hospital linen Wash in Clean, soak in 1% hypochlorite or 5% phenol

Laundry for 20 min and wash under running water.
Bed Damp dusting Use plain water. 5% Phenol, 0.5% Virkon ,
1% hypochlorite if soiled with blood or body
fluids
Pillows and Dry dusting Protective material to be soaked in 1%
mattresses hypochlorite , 5% Phenol.
Water Dry dusting Protective material to be soaked in 1%
mattresses hypochlorite .

Floors No dry Phenol 5%, 1% hypoclorite, 0.5% Virkon, 2%

sweeping Bacillocid.
Blood spills on Cover spill with 1% sod hypochlorite for 20 min and discard
the floor newspaper paper using gloved hands and then mop.
soaked in
 HOW DO WE DISINFECT THESE???
Description Method Disinfectant
Toilets Washing Any commercially available toilet cleaner or
acid or 5%phenol / cresol, 7% lysol, Harpic
Bed pans Washing with 1% hypochlorite , 5% phenol, 7% lysol
warm water
5%phenol /
Lysol
Urinals Single patient 1% hypochlorite , 5% phenol, 7% lysol
use
recommended
Sputum mugs Flush out 5% phenol, 1%hypochlorite,, 5% savlon
contents
Kidney trays Flush out Any commercially available cleaner
contents 5% phenol, 1% hypochlorite

Pint measure Flush out Any commercially available cleaner

contents 5% phenol, 1% hypochlorite
 HOW DO WE DISINFECT THESE???
Description Method Disinfectant
Work surfaces Wet dusting Alcohol 70%, Bacillocid 0.5%

Lights , tables, cleaning clean with a LLD

chairs

Curtains Wet dusting Send to laundry once a week

Window blinds Wet dusting Send to laundry once a week

Walls, windows, Scrub with soap Soap solution or detergent

doors and water