a c c c o app a ce ( %) . . 6 .8 9.

6
Total voltage drop fully loaded 6 10.4 12 24
Resultant* voltage at appliance 114 197.6 228 456

*Assumes full-rated voltage where feeders connect to utility lines. If utility voltage runs low, the overall
voltage drop should be further reduced so as to make available at the appliance terminals a voltage as
close as practical to that voltage range specified on the appliance rating plate.

Voltage drop calculations

Just as friction creates pressure loss in water flow through pipes, so does elec-
trical resistance create voltage drop as current flows through a conductor. The
drop increases with the length of the conductor (in feet), the current flow (in
amperes), and the ohms of resistance per foot of wire. This relationship may be
expressed as follows:

Voltage drop ⫽ amperes ⫻ ohms/foot ⫻ length of conductor

Figure 19-2 illustrates how voltage drop per 100 feet of copper conductor will
increase with the amount of current drawn through the conductor. The wire size