ALLANIGUE, KATE JORLEY C.

IT – 1

 CISCO SYSTEM
Cisco Systems is the world leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco networking
technicians and professionals design, build, maintain and troubleshoot computer
network systems. Graduates can work anywhere computer networks are used
(LANs or WANs). These include corporations, offices, banks, hospitals, schools and
all levels of government.

Cisco Systems, Inc. is a leading networking company best known as a

manufacturer and vendor of networking equipment. The company also provides
software and offers related services. Over its history, Cisco has focused on Internet
Protocol (IP)-based networking technologies, routing and switching products and
technology for home networking, IP telephony, optical networking, security,
storage area networking and wireless technology.

They pioneered the concept of a local area network (LAN) being used to
connect geographically disparate computers over a multiprotocol router system.

 CISCO IOS FIREWALL

Cisco IOS Firewall helps ensure your network's availability and the security of your
company's resources by protecting the network infrastructure against network-
and application-layer attacks, viruses, and worms. It protects unified
communications by guarding Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) endpoints and call-
control resources. Cisco IOS Firewall is a stateful firewall solution, certified by
Common Criteria (EAL4).

Any "Firewall Feature Set" version of the Cisco IOS contains the IOS Firewall, a built-
in firewall inside the Cisco router. Let's find out what the IOS Firewall can do and
learn how to configure it.

The IOS Firewall is a stateful firewall that inspects TCP and UDP packets at the
application layer of the OSI model. It watches the outgoing requests (usually to
the Internet) and opens reciprocal, inbound ports for the return traffic. As a
stateful firewall, the IOS Firewall maintains the state of each of the TCP
connections; it allows return traffic back if it allowed it out and if it matches the
state information stored for that TCP packet.
The IOS Firewall offers these features:
 Traffic filtering: This isn't only at the port level but also at the application
level.
 Traffic inspection: Considered a core firewall feature, this keeps the state of
the TCP connection and prevents unauthorized access.
 Alerts and audit trails: This offers real-time alerts and syslog audit trails.
 Intrusion prevention: It includes an intrusion detection system that covers 59
of the most common attack signatures -- a very cool feature.

 CAPACITIVE AND RESISTIVE TOUCH SYSTEM

Whenever you buy a touchscreen, it isn’t always advertised whether it’s a
capacitive or a resistive touchscreen. Yet, touchscreens of both types are used
throughout the electronics industry.

If you pay attention, you’ll notice the difference between the two screens. In the
case of capacitive touchscreens, such as on very expensive smartphones and
tablets, are very responsive to the slightest touch. Meanwhile, resistive
touchscreens may require more pressure, or the use of a stylus.

The resistive touchscreen has always been the most common type used in
industrial electronics. This is mostly because they’re cheaper to make and are
easier to use in difficult environments.

The technology relies on resistance, meaning the pressure that’s applied to the
screen itself.

This type of touchscreen is created out of two very thin layers of material,
separated by a thin gap. The top layer is typically some type of clear poly-
carbonate material, while the bottom layer is made up of a rigid material.
Manufacturers typically use PET film and glass for these layers.

Capacitive touchscreens were actually invented almost 10 years before the first
resistive touchscreen. Nevertheless, today’s capacitive touchscreens are highly
accurate and respond instantly when lightly touched by a human finger. So how
does it work?

As opposed to the resistive touchscreen, which relies on the mechanical pressure

made by the finger or stylus, the capacitive touchscreen makes use of the fact
that the human body is naturally conductive.
Capacitive screens are made of a transparent, conductive material—usually
ITO—coated onto a glass material. It’s the glass material that you touch with your
finger.

Resistive touchscreen advantages include:

 Higher sensor resolution—you can tap small buttons easier with just your
fingertips
 Lower cost to manufacture
 Fewer accidental touches
 Can sense any object touching the screen hard enough
 More resistant to the elements like heat and water

Capacitive touchscreen advantages include:

 More durable
 Sharper images with better contrast
 Provide multi-touch sensing
 More reliable—will even work when the screen cracks (until you replace the
touchscreen)
 More sensitive to light touch