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Identification of RCC Building (Isa Sunasara)
Identification of RCC Building (Isa Sunasara)
Submitted By
1 BAROT JIGAR .V 180613106001
2 PARMAR JINAL .C 180613106008
3 HADIYOL JAYMIN .M 170610106024
4 SOLANKI PRADIP .J 170610106057
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
PALANPUR
Certificate
This is to certify that the Design Engineering – 1B (2140002) Project Report entitled
“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTANANCE AND REPAIR"
has been carried out by BAROT JIGAR. (180613106001), PARMAR JINAL
(180613106008), HADIYOL JAYMIN (170610106024), SOLANKI
PRADIP(170610106024)under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering (5th Semester) of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad during the academic year 2019-2020.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
PALANPUR
Certificate
This is to certify that the Design Engineering – 1B (2140002) Project Report entitled
“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTANANCE AND REPAIR"
has been carried out by BAROT JIGAR. (180613106001), PARMAR JINAL
(180613106008), HADIYOL JAYMIN (170610106024), SOLANKI
PRADIP(170610106024)under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering (5th Semester) of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad during the academic year 2019-2020.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our respected guidance Prof.
NISHANT R KOTIYA, Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering Department
whose encouragement, continuous guidance, helpful nature and new
suggestions and ideas was valuable for accomplishment of this work. Also their
advice and kind support are greatly appreciated.
We express our sincere gratitude and thankful to all those persons who inspirer
of their busy schedule have given their valuable and precious time assisting us
in compilation of the information and giving us right direction to complete this
project in present condition.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
ABSTRACT
In now day’s cracks in building are a common occurrence. Its affects the
stability and aesthetic view of buildings. So, it is important to understand the
causes of cracks and the effective measures should be taken for prevention of
cracks. Though cracks in concrete building cannot be prevented entirely but they
can be prevented by using proper material and techniques of construction and
considering criteria.
In this project, we will discuss about the methodology for prevention and
repair of cracks in building
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
CONTENTS
Title Page 1
ODSA Certificate 2
College Certificate 3
Acknowledgement 4
Abstract 5
Contents 6
List of Table 7
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
Result table 47
Conclusion 48
REFERENCES 48
List of Tables
1 Analysis table 46
2 Result table 47
3 Log table 1 49
4 Log table 2 50
5 Log table 3 51
6 Log table 4 52
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Cracks are the most common problem that occurs in any type of concrete structure such
as, beams, columns, etc. A building component develops cracks whenever stress in the
component exceeds its strength. Stress in a building component could be caused by externally
applied forces such as, dead, live, wind or seismic loads and internal forces such as, moisture
changes, thermal movements and chemical reaction.
There are many causes of cracking in concrete, but most cases are related more too
concrete specifications and construction practices.
Cracks are classified in two categories Structural Cracks and Non-Structural Cracks.
Structural cracks are occurs due to incorrect design, poor construction or overloading and it
may danger for the safety of a building. The cracks in beam, column, slab and footing are
considered as structural cracks. and Non-structural cracks are occur mostly due to internal
stresses in building material it may not danger for safety of building but it create impression of
poor work.
Classification Crack
width
Thin <1mm
Medium 1mm to
2mm
Wide > 2mm
wide
This study gives causes of cracks and prevention of cracks. Various techniques for
treatment of cracks are discussed in this study. We cannot assurance against cracking yet
attempts can be made to minimize develop of crack in building.
In this project we are trying to repair a cracks using proper techniques and method.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
The probable causes of crack can be controlled if proper consideration is given to
construction material and technique to be used. In case of existing cracks, after detail study
&analysis of crack parameters, most appropriate method of correction should be adopt for
effective and efficient repair of crack.
This analysis present in concrete illnesses, curing treatments, and problems leading to
unsatisfactory performance of repaired concrete structures. This paper describes the types of
surface preparations that are commonly adopted in Indian conditions and their limitations. An
attempt has been made in this paper to discuss the properties and types of grouts; the
application techniques. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the methods of repair to be
undertaken for structures. Repair methods currently used are reviewed on the basis of present
knowledge and the merit of a holistic system approach.
1.2TYPES OF CRACKS
1.2.1 Classification of Cracks Nature Wise
Cracks in buildings can be broadly classified as structural and non-structural cracks.
1.2.1.1Structural Cracks:-
Structural cracks are occurs due to incorrect design, poor construction or overloading
and it may danger for the safety of a building. The cracks in beam, column, slab and footing are
considered as structural cracks.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
The common characteristics of structural cracks include:
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
1.2.2.1 Thin Crack:- Less than 1 mm in width
1.2.2.2Medium Crack:
1 to 2 mm in width
1.2.2.3Wide Crack:
More than 2 mm in width.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
1.2.2.4Crazing:
The occurrence of closely spaced fine cracks at the surface of a material is called
crazing.
Cracks may appreciably vary in width from very thin hair crack barely visible to the
naked eye to gaping crack. Vice versa cracks can be of uniform width throughout or may be
narrow at one end gradually widening at the other. Crack depending upon its shape can be
classified as following:
1.2.3.1 Straight:
1.2.3.2Toothed:
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1.2.3.3Stepped:
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
1.3 CAUSES OF CRACKS BUILDING:
• Shrinkage
• Permeability of concrete
• Thermal movement
• Creep movement
• Corrosion of reinforcement
• Moisture movement
• Poor construction practices
• Improper structural design and specifications
• Poor maintenance
• Movement due to chemical reactions
• Elastic deformation
• Creep
• Chemical reaction
• Foundation movement & settlement of soil
• Growth of vegetation
• Other factors
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CHAPTER – 1.2
ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
1.21causes and measures of different types of cracks
METHODOLOGY
Grouting Process : - Grouting is the process of placing a material into cavities in concrete or
masonry structures for the purpose increasing the load bearing capacity of a structure,
restoring the monolithic nature of a structural member, filling voids around pre cast connections
and steel base plates, providing fire stops, stopping leakages, placing adhesives and soil
stabilization. Primary grouting materials and their common uses are:
CHEMICAL CEMENTITIOUS
Control Seepage Mass Placement
Shut-off Architectural (non staining)
Seepage Soil Structural (high-strength)
Stabilization Caustic Environments
High Temperatures
EPDXY POLYURETHANES
Seal Cracks Bolt Building Envelope
Anchoring Insulation Acoustical
Base Sealant
Pl
ate Leveling
Acidic
Environments
POLYESTERS SILICONES
Bolt Anchoring Smoke Seals Fire Stops
Methods of application:-
Methods of application normally used include: hand pumps, piston pumps, single and plural
component pumps, gravity and dry packing placement, micro capsules and single component
pressurized cartons.
Guniting Process:-
Guniting is an effective technique, which has been extensively used in the rehabilitation of
structurally distressed RC members. There have been cases of heavy rusting of the mesh in the
form of powder or in the form of a sheet coming out. De- stressing before restoration is
possible only in the case of overhead tanks which can be restored when the tanks are empty.
The guniting technique suffers from other drawbacks like dust and noise nuisance. The
following points need to be kept in mind for better results of guniting: Coating of existing as
well as new bars by zinc rich epoxy primer to guard against corrosion. Mesh reinforcement is
not advice.
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MATERIALS USED IN REPAIRS: -
2. Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
These materials that are used for cracks are applied over it like a patch, using high strength
epoxy adhesive increasing their service life and fortify steel or concrete structures against
earthquakes or other natural hazards.
3. Epoxy resins
The epoxy resins are widely used in the repairing of cracks, patching and grouting of concrete,
industrial flooring, structural adhesives, anti-corrosive linings, etc. Various types of resins,
hardeners and modified epoxy systems are commonly used in structures.
4. Polymer-based materials
Polymer-based material are widely used in the building industry in various forms such as coating ,
membranes , adhesives, sealants, etc because of their high durability.
Result
This analysis present in concrete illnesses, curing treatments, and problems leading to
unsatisfactory performance of repaired concrete structures. This paper describes the types of
surface preparations that are commonly adopted in Indian conditions and their limitations. An
attempt has been made in this paper to discuss the properties and types of grouts; the
application techniques. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the methods of repair to be
undertaken for structures. Repair methods currently used are reviewed on the basis of present
knowledge and the merit of a holistic system approach.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
CH- 1.3:- IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT
UNIT-1
1. Define reinforced concrete.
Reinforced cement concrete is a composite material is made of concrete and steel reinforcement. The
concrete may be assumed to work purely in compression whereas the reinforcement is predominately
subjected to tension. For a large range of applications it is sufficient to consider the uni-axial response of
either material
3. What are the advantages of RCC when compared with other building materials?
➢ Concrete is workable when fresh and strong when hardens.
➢ It can be molded into any required shape and size.
➢ The raw materials required are easily available.
➢ Skill is not required for casting concrete elements.
➢ Concrete is durable, fire resisting and rigid.
➢ Concrete requires less maintenance.
4. What are the disadvantages of RCC when compared with other building materials?
➢ The self-weight of the structural elements will be more while concrete is used
➢ Concrete has a very low tensile strength. Hence cracks will form in the tension zone if reinforcement is
not provided properly
➢ Cracks develop in concrete, also due to shrinkage, creep, temperature etc. which permit seepage of water
into the concrete. This causes corrosion of steel reinforcement and thereby peeling of concrete.
➢ Concrete has poor insulating property
➢ Dismantling and reusing of concrete elements are mostly not possible.
➢ Concrete is brittle in nature and hence has low impact resisting capacity
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
5. What are the uses of reinforced concrete? It is used for the construction of,
➢ Buildings
➢ Bunkers and silos
➢ Chimneys and towers
➢ Flyovers
➢ Retaining walls
➢ Roads and railway bridges
➢ Water tanks
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
Load Method. In this method partial factor of safety is considered on both loads and stresses. This
method is advance over other methods. Since, safety and serviceability are considered.
12. Define characteristic load.
➢ A characteristic load is defined as that value of load which has a 95% probability of not being exceeded
during the life of the structure.
• Fk = Fm + k Sd
• Where,
a. Fk = characteristic load
b. Fm = mean load
c. K = constant = 2.645 = 2.65
d. Sd = standard deviation for the load
Ultimate stress
FOS = (for brittle material)
Working stress
15. Define modular ratio.
➢ It is defined as the ratio of elastic modulus of steel to that of concrete. t is used to transform the
composite section into an equivalent concrete section
280
➢ M=
3𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑑
16. What is the expression recommended by the IS 456-2000 for modulus of elasticity?
➢ Modulus of elasticity = Ec = 5000 √𝑓𝑐𝑘
17. State the assumption made for design of RC members in working stress method.
➢ (Refer IS 456:2000 Page no: 80)
18. What are the advantages in limit state method?
➢ Ultimate load method only deals with on safety such as strength, overturning, and sliding, buckling,
fatigue
➢ Working stress method only deals with serviceability such as crack. vibration, deflection etc.
➢ But, Limit state method advances than other two methods. Hence by considering safety at ultimate load
and serviceability at working load.
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➢ The process of stress redistribution and moment redistribution are considered in the analysis and more
realistic factor of safety values are used in the design. Hence, the design by limit state method is found
to be more economical
➢ The overall sizes of flexural members arrived by limit state method are less and hence they provide
better appearance to the structure.
➢ The design usually results in relatively large sections of structural members, compared to ultimate load.
Due to this structures designed by working stress method gives better serviceability performance under
working loads
➢ This method is only the method available when one has to investigate the reinforced concrete section for
service stresses and for the serviceability state of deflection and cracking.
➢ The WSM does not show the real strength nor gives the true factor of safety of the structure under
failure.
➢ The modular ratio design results in larger percentage of compression steel than that given by the limit
state design, thus leading to un- economic design.
➢ Because of creep and non-linear stress-strain relationship, concrete does not have definite modulus of
elasticity.
➢ The WSM fails to discriminate between different types of loads that act simultaneously but have
different uncertainties
➢ While the WSM uses only the nearly linear part of stress-strain curve the ULM uses fully the actual
stress-strain curve.
➢ The load factor gives the exact margin of safety against collapse.
➢ The method allows using different load factors for different types of loads and the combination thereof.
➢ The failure load computed by ULM matches with the experimental results
➢ The method is based on the ultimate strain as the failure criteria.
➢ The method utilizes the reserve of strength in the plastic region
22. What are the disadvantages of ultimate load method?
➢ The method does not take into consideration the serviceability criteria of deflection and cracking.
➢ The use of high strength reinforcing steel and concrete results in increase of deflection and crack width.
➢ The method does not take into consideration the effects of creep and shrinkage.
➢ In the ULM, the distribution of stress resultants at ultimate load is taken as the distribution at service
loads magnified by the load factor This is erroneous since significant redistribution of stress resultants
takes place as the loading is increased from service loads to ultimate loads.
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➢ Compression
➢ Shear
➢ Torsion
26. Write down the value of partial safety factor for concrete and steel.
➢ Partial factor of safety for concrete 𝛾c = 1.5
➢ Partial factor of safety for steel 𝛾s = 1.15
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32. Under what circumstances doubly reinforced beams resorted to?
➢ When,
Mu > Mu limit. Then, doubly reinforcement is used.
33. Write down the basic values of span to effective depth ratio for the different types of beam
➢ Basic values of span to effective depth ratios for spans up to 10m
➢ Cantilever ➢ 07
➢ Simply supported ➢ 20
➢ Continuous ➢ 26
➢ The limit state of collapse of the structure or part of the structure could be assessed from replace of one
or more critical sections and from bulking due to elastic or plastic instability or overturning.
UNIT-2
1. What do you understand by development length of bar?
➢ The reinforced bar must extend in the anchorage zone of concrete sufficiently, to develop the required
stress. The extended length of bar inside the face of the support is known as development length. It is
denoted by the symbol, Ld
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3. Define anchorage bond.
➢ All the types of reinforcement must be anchored within the concrete section, in order that the anchorage
bond should be sufficient to develop the stress in the bar. The anchorage depends on the bond between
the bar and concrete and the area of contact.
6. Define torsion.
➢ Equal and opposite moments applied at both ends of structural element or its part about its longitudinal
axis is called torsion. It is also called as torsional moment or twist or torque
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➢ FLEXURAL BOND ➢ DEVELOPMENT BOND
➢ It arises in flexural members ➢ It arises over the length of
on account of shear or variations in anchorage provide for a bar or near
bending moment, which in turn the end of a reinforcing bar.
causes a variation in axial tension
along the length of a reinforcing.
13. Why is bond stress more in compression bars than in tension bars?
➢ Deformed bars subjected to tension, Td values shall be increased by 60%
➢ Deformed bars subjected to compression, Tbd Values shall be increased by 25%.
14. What are the types of reinforcement used to resist shear and write down the expressions for to shear
resistance offered by the type?
➢ Shear reinforcement is necessary if the nominal shear stress (T) exceeds the design shear stress (r). In
general, shear reinforcement is provided in any one of the following three forms. (Refer IS 456:2000
Page no: 72)
➢
15. Write down the value of design bond stress for M30 grade of concrete.
➢ Design bond stress in limit state methods for plain bars (mild steel) in tension is Tbd = 1.5 N/mm2
17. Reinforced concrete slabs are generally safe and do not require shear reinforcement. Why?
➢ Normally the thickness of slab is so chosen that the shear can be resisted by concrete itself and the slab
does not need extra shear reinforcements
22. Name the two types of two-way slabs. Explain their difference in the design of slabs.
➢ Slabs simply supported on the four edges, with corners not held down and carrying UDL
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➢ Slabs simply supported on the four edges, with comers held down and carrying UDL
➢ Slabs with edges fixed or continuous and carrying UDL
23. What are the codal provisions for a minimum reinforcement to be provided as main and secondary
reinforcement in slab and their maximum spacing?
Minimum reinforcement:
➢ Ast = ( 0.15 /100 ) x b x D (For mild steel)
➢ (Ast)min = ( 0.15 / 100 ) x b x D (For HYSD bars)
➢ Spacing = 3d or 300mm (horizontal distance between parallel main reinforcement bars). Use whichever
is smaller.
➢ Spacing = 5d or 450mm (horizontal distance between parallel reinforcement bar provided against
shrinkage and temperature). Use whichever is smaller.
24. Why is secondary reinforcement provided in one way RC slab?
➢ Secondary reinforcement is provided running perpendicular to the main reinforcement, in order to take
the temperature and shrinkage stresses. It is otherwise called as distribution or temperature
reinforcement.
26. What type of slab usually used in practice, under reinforced or over reinforced section?
➢ The depth of slab chosen from deflection requirements will be usually greater than the depth required for
balanced design. Hence the area of steel required will be less than the balanced amount. So, the slab is
designed as under reinforced section
29. What are the important factors affecting the shear resistance of a reinforced concrete member without
shear reinforcement?
➢ Characteristic strength of concrete
➢ Percentage of longitudinal steel
➢ Shear span to depth ratio
➢ Axial compressive/tensile force
➢ Effect of cross section
➢ Effect of two way action
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UNIT 3
1. Define column.
➢ A column, in general, may be defined as a member carrying direct axial load which causes compressive
stresses of such magnitude that these stresses largely control its design.
➢ It transmits load coming from beam or slab and distributes to the foundation usually columns are square,
rectangle, circular and T shaped in cross section.
➢ It is reinforced with longitudinal and lateral ties.
➢ Load carrying capacity of column is depending upon longitudinal steel and cross sectional size of the
column.
Effective length
➢ Slenderness ratio (λ) = Least lateral dimension
4. According to IS code all columns should be designed for minimum eccentricity. Justify the statement.
➢ Lateral loads such as wind and seismic loads are not considered in design.
➢ Misalignment in construction
➢ Slenderness effects not considered in design
➢ Accidental lateral or eccentric loads
7. What is the minimum and maximum percentage of reinforcement can be provided for a column?
➢ The cross sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement shall be not less than 0.8% not more than 6% of
the gross cross sectional area of the column
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UNIT-4
8. What is the situation in which trapezoidal shape is preferred to a rectangular shape for a two column
combined footing?
➢ If the one column is carrying load is much larger than the other one, trapezoidal combined footing is
preferred.
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➢ An exterior column located along the periphery of the building is so close to the property line that an
isolated footing cannot symmetrically placed without extending beyond the property line.
10. Under what circumstances rectangular shape preferred for a two column combined footing.
➢ When loads are equal and no restriction on sides, the footing will be rectangular with equal overhang on
both sides.
12. What is meant by eccentric loading on a footing and under what situation does this occur?
➢ The load P acting on a footing may act eccentrically with respect to the centroid of the footing base. This
eccentricity may result from one or more of the following effects.
➢ The column transmitting a moment M in addition to the vertical load.
➢ The column carrying a vertical load offset with respect to the centroid of the footing
➢ The column or pedestal transmitting a lateral force located above the foundation level, in addition to the
vertical load.
13. Write down the formula for calculating maximum and minimum soil pressures for a rectangular footing
carries eccentric point load.
➢ The structural design of the footing. which includes the design of the depth and reinforcement, is done
for factored loads using the relevant safety factors applications for the limit state of collapse.
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16. What are the normal range of tread and rise values of steps of a staircase in residential building?
➢ As per IS 456:2000 the normal range of tread and rise values of steps of a staircase in residential
building are,
➢ Rise: 150mm to 180mm
➢ Tread: 200mm to 250mm
21. How the effectively span of a stair is decided when the landing slab spans in the same direction as the
stair.
➢ When the landing slab spans in the same direction as the stairs, they should be considered as acting
together to form a single slab and the span determined at the distance centre to centre of the supporting
beams or walls. the going being measured horizontally.
22. Give the guidelines of the size of rise and tread as per IS code norms
➢ The following guidelines may be followed while deciding the size of rise and tread of a stair.
➢ 400mm < (rise + tread) < 450mm
➢ 580mm < (rise + tread) <630mm
23. How the load is distributed in the case of an open well stairs?
➢ In the case of stairs with open wells, where spans partly crossings at right angles occur, the load on areas
common to any two such spans may be taken as one-half in each direction.
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24. How the load is distributed when flights or landings are embedded into walls?
➢ Where flights or landings are embedded into walls for a length not less than 110 mm and designed to
span in the direction of the flight, a 150 mm strip may be deducted from the loaded area and effective
breadth of the section increased to 75 mm for the purpose of design.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
Chapter 2
EVOLUTION IDEA
2.1: AEIOU Canvas
2.2.1 Activity:- A – Activities → through the “Activity Canvas” we were able to find out
the activities
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2.2.2 Environment
●E – Environment → Through the “Environment Canvas” we were able to sort out the normal
Atmosphere of the GEC COLLEGE PALANPUR and also some specific environment of The near
area which are usually not seen.
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2 . 2 . 4 Objects:- O – Objects → Through the “Object Canvas” we have almost tried to
find out which all Objects, components are used in the GEC COLLEGE PALANPUR
2 . 2 . 5 Users
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2.1.1: Mind mapping
● Mind mapping canvas is a graphical representation of GEC COLLEGE
PALANPUR. There are many parts such as Components, Environment,
Interaction, Object and Transportation.
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2.2:- Empathy mapping canvas
● Empathy canvas consists user, stakeholders, activities, happy story, sad story.
2.4 Stories
Sad Story
(1) Requirement of skill labour
(2) To damage structure
Happy Story
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2.3:- Ideation Canvas
By the help of the Ideation Canvas, we were able to sort out the targeted person, activities
performed at the GEC COLLEGE PLANPUR, several situations which might be seen at the
GEC COLLEGE PALANPUR and the props at the PALANPUR.
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Situation/Context /Location
Props/possible solutions
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
Product Development Canvas
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
2.5:- Problems and Analysis
This analysis present in concrete illnesses, curing treatments, and problems
leading to unsatisfactory performance of repaired concrete structures. This paper
describes the types of surface preparations that are commonly adopted in Indian
conditions and their limitations. An attempt has been made in this paper to
discuss the properties and types of grouts; the application techniques. The
purpose of the paper is to highlight the methods of repair to be undertaken for
structures. Repair methods currently used are reviewed on the basis of present
knowledge and the merit of a holistic system approach.
❖ Final Problem
During the observation we have found that proper using method of maintenance
due to increase life of structure.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
2.6 Analysis for site photography
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
Chapter-3
PRE-DESIGN
➢ Purpose
• Better service
• Healthy environment
➢ Tools/Methods/Theories/Application Process
involved
• Maintenance process
• Analysis method
• Site observation
• Selection of material based on strength durability, cost.
➢ Software/Simulations/Skill/Mathematical
requirement
• Auto-cad
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3.2:- Learning needs matrix canvas
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3.3:- Prior art search
Research paper 1
PROF:- NISHANT R KOTIYA our college civil engineering department (1.Barot jigar 2.Parmar
jinal 3.Hadiyol jaymin 4.Solanki pradip)student of gec college of palanpur.
ABSTRACT:- In now day’s cracks in building are a common occurrence. Its affects
the stability and aesthetic view of buildings. So, it is important to understand the causes of cracks
and the effective measures should be taken for prevention of cracks. Though cracks in concrete
building cannot be prevented entirely but they can be prevented by using proper material and
techniques of construction and considering criteria.
There are many reason of occurrence of cracks like water penetration, thermal movement,
elastic deformation, chemical reaction, foundation movement, vegetation and earthquake, etc. Cause
severe damage to building. We all dream of a house structurally safe with good appearance but it is
not so easy. So, timely identification of such cracks and adopting preventive measures is essential.
In this project, we will discuss about the methodology for prevention and repair of cracks in
building
This study investigates the behavior of substandard detailed rcc element. RC frames are
commonly used system in RC building. the philosophy behind the proper design for this type of
frames is to provide them with sufficient ductility. the structural ductility of a frame is mainly
determined by the ductility of its components,i.e the beams,columns,and joint forming frame. The
detail research and focusing in palanpur dist.
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“IDENTIFICATION OF RCC ELEMENT THEIR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR”
Chapter 4
4.1 Feedback analysis
Table no:1 (Analysis table)
Person
Questio s
ns
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
1 Do You Yes Yes NO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NO Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
have
Knowledge
about
maintenance
and repair
techniques
2 Do you have Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes NO Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
idea about
proper
method
3 Which types Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes NO Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
of method
used for
identification
4 Do you have Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
experience
About
This type of
work!
5 Which Ye Yes NO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NO Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
types of s
maintenanc
e prefreble
6 Which types Y Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NO Yes Yes No Yes Ye Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
of cracks
es s
generate
7 Is N No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes NO Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
government o
department
work
properly?
46|P a g e
• Result table
Table no: 2 (Result table)
no.
47|P a g e
• Conclusion
In this project finally we have find that proper techniques and method
using for GEC COLLEGE OF PALANPUR. We include all detail for
maintenance and repairs techniques and other details.
Reference:
Google
Professor gidenance
Research paper
Faculties
Civil engineers
Books