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Study Material 2
Study Material 2
Study Material 2
Propagation
designations
Frequency
Wavelength
modes
Frequency
media
Optical Fiber
1015Hz
Laser beam
Ultraviolet
10-6m
Wideband data
Visible
Infrared
1014Hz
Extra High
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
Satellite-satellite 1G0Hz
Frequency Microwave relay
EHF Earth-satellite
Waveguide
1cm
Line-of-sight
SHF
10cm
Broadband PCS
Ultra High Wireless communication 1GHz
Frequency Cellular, Pager
UHF
UHF TV
1m
VHF
10m
Skywave
High Mobil radio
radio
Frequency
CB radio 10MHz
HF
100m
Amateur radio
Medium
Frequency
AM broadcasting 1MHz
MF
1km
Groundwave
Low
Frequency 100kHz
radio
LF Aeronautical
10km
Submarine cable
Twisted Pair
Very Low Navigation
Cable
Frequency Transoceanic radio 10kHz
100km
VLF
Audio Telephone
Telegraph
1kHz
CONVERT FROM FREQUENCY (F) TO WAVELENGTH
WHAT IS BANDWIDTH ?
EXAMPLE 3:
(Eq. 1)
(Eq. 3)
(Eq. 2)
To calculate the ratio of 1 kW (one kilowatt, or
1000 watts) to 1 W in decibels, use the formula