Major Divisions of Nervous System

Read page 229 of Science LM and refer to the figure below to answer the
questions that follows.
brain

spinal cord

nerves

1. What are the two major divisions of Nervous System?

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2. What are the parts of CNS? PNS?
CNS PNS

3. How will you differentiate CNS from PNS in terms of their functions?
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
A. Read page 229 of Science LM and refer to the figure below to answer the
questions that follows.
1. What are the main components of
Central Nervous System?
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2. What is the function of the brain? spinal
cord?
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B. Color the illustration below. Label the three main parts of the brain and write its
function. (Refer to LM page 229)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
A. Read and answer the questions that follows.
Peripheral Nervous System
The peripheral nervous system (peripheral is pronounced puh-rif-er-al) is the
part responsible for actually carrying those messages to and from the central nervous
system. It's made up of nerves that connect to the spinal cord. You also have some
peripheral nerves that come directly off your brain, and these are called cranial nerves.
Nerves act as information highways, carrying messages to and from your brain. This
peripheral nervous system can be further separated into two parts:
Autonomic system
The autonomic system makes sure your body keeps working even when you're
not paying attention. For example, it tells your stomach to digest dinner and your lungs
to breathe. Do you see how the word 'autonomic' looks like the word 'automatic?'
When something is automatic, it happens without you having to think about it.
Somatic Nervous System
The word somatic is a fancy word for body. It's pronounced so-mat-ik. Your
somatic nervous system sends messages to your muscles so you can voluntarily move
parts of your body. If something is voluntary, then you choose to do it.

B. Below are the activities that a body can do. Encircle the voluntary activities
(somatic) and underline the involuntary activities (autonomic).

beating of the heart

singing running sweating

talking dilation of pupil digesting of food jumping

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): ANS
PATHWAYS
A. Read and answer the questions that follows.
Autonomic Nervous System, controls smooth muscles and glands, meaning it mainly
involves unconscious bodily functions. (INVOLUNTARY CONTROL)
e.g., control heart rate, breathing, metabolism.

The nerves of the peripheral nervous system run together in bundle called fibers, and
multiple fibers form the nerve, the cable of electric circuit. The nerves, which also
contain connective tissue and blood vessels, reach out to the muscles, glands and
organ of the entire body.

Afferent nerves Efferent nerves

Afferre Latin, (to bring towards) Effere Latin,(to bring away from)
It contains neurons that bring It contains efferent neurons that
information to the central nervous transmit the signals originating in the
system. central nervous system to the organs
and muscles.
E.g, afferent nerves communicate to the e.g., motor neurons (efferent neurons)
brain the level of energy intake of contract the skeletal muscles to
various organs. (inner state of the execute the voluntary movement of
organs homeostasis) raising your arm.
Source: https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/peripheral-nervous-system
Guide Questions:
1. What is the difference between efferent and afferent pathways?
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2. How autonomic nervous system control the smooth muscles and glands?
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Somatic Nervous System
A. Read and answer the questions that
follows.
Somatic Nervous System
The somatic nervous system (SNS or
voluntary nervous system) is the part of the
peripheral nervous system associated with the
voluntary control of body movements via skeletal
muscles.
The somatic nervous system consists of two parts:

 Spinal nerves: They are peripheral nerves that carry

sensory information into and motor commands out
of the spinal cord .

thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves, which

connect with the spinal cord

 Cranial nerves: They are the nerve fibers that carry

information into and out of the brain stem. They
include smell, vision, eye, eye muscles, mouth,
taste, ear, neck, shoulders, and tongue.

twelve pairs of cranial nerves, which connect

directly with the brain.

1. What are the two main parts of the Somatic Nervous System?
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2. Describe the function of each part.
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3. √ the following activities if somatic nervous system activates and x
if not.
seeing touching smelling

hearing moving tasting

Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System. This system communicates with internal organs
and glands. It is associated with the involuntary control of body movements
and has two subdivisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic.

1. What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

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2. Give the function of the sympathetic nervous system.

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3. Describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system.
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4. Write SNS for sympathetic and PNS for parasympathetic in the following activities.

slow heartbeat ___

saliva production reduced ___
pupil dilation ___
increased breathing ___
 Efferent pathways are motor pathways that transmit a signal to the effector being stimulated, while afferent
pathways are sensory pathways that transmit a signal to the brain, away from the stimulus.


Efferent pathways are sensory pathways that transmit a signal to the brain away from the stimulus, while
afferent pathways are motor pathways that transmit a signal to the effector being stimulated.

Efferent pathways are sensory pathways that transmit a signal to the effector being stimulated, while afferent
pathways are motor pathways that transmit a signal away from the stimulus.

Efferent pathways are motor pathways that transmit a signal to the brain, while afferent pathways are
sensory pathways that transmit a signal to the effector.

These nerves send and receive signals from the central nervous system (CNS).