FAMOUS BUILDINS AND ARCHITECTS IN

REVIVAL TO 21thCENTURY.
Here is a short selection of some of the most innovative architectural designs
from revival to 21 th century.

1800s
Nassau Hall, Princeton (1802)
Designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe.
A mixture of Greek and Gothic features. Oldest building at Princeton University.

Baltimore Basilica (1806-21)

Designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe.
Neoclassical. The first Roman Catholic Cathedral in the United States.

Downing College, Cambridge (1807-20)

Designed by William Wilkins.
Greek Revival style of architecture, with Greek columns.

1810s

Royal Pavilion, Brighton (1815-23)

Designed by John Nash (1752-1835).
Moorish Revival style of Exoticism architecture, with onion domes.

Konzerthaus on Gendarmenmarkt, Berlin (1819-21)

Designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
Greek Revival style based on the designs of the Parthenon, and Hellenistic architecture.

1820s

Tegel Palace, Berlin (1821-24)

Designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.

Neoclassical style building and gardens.

Rotunda, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1822-26)

Designed by Thomas Jefferson.

Neoclassical style of architecture.

Altes Museum, Berlin (1823-30)

Designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
A neoclassical loggia which overlooks the Lustgarten (pleasure garden).
British Museum, London (1823-57)
Designed by Sir Robert Smirke.
Neoclassical architecture incorporating the Classical orders into its design.

 1.

2. 1830s
3. National Gallery, London (1832-38)
Designed by William Wilkins.
Neoclassical Greek Architecture with dome and columns.

4. Houses of Parliament, London (1839-52)

Designed by Sir Charles Barry.
Gothic architecture with Italian ground plan.

5. 1840s
6. Bibliotheque Sainte 'Genevieve, Paris (1845-50)
Designed by Henri Labrouste.
First nonutilitarian building to show exposed metalwork.

7. Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC (1847-55)

Designed by James Renwick.
Known as "The Castle". Gothic Revival, with Romanesque
elements, turrets and arches.
8. 1850s
9. Crystal Palace, London (1851)
Designed by Joseph Paxton.
Industrial Architecture: 300,000 panes of glass on wrought-
iron framework.
Originally erected in Hyde Park before being moved to Penge
Common.

10. Urban Reconstruction of Paris (1852-70)

Designed by Baron Georges-Eugene Haussmann, under
Napoleon III.
Wider, straighter, longer boulevards/avenues; slum clearance

.
11. Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Paris (1854-75)
Designed by Henri Labrouste.
Industrial cast-iron construction.

12. St Patrick's Cathedral, New York (1858-79)

Designed by James Renwick.
Decorated Gothic style, inspired by the cathedrals of
Cologne, Reims and Westminster Abbey.
 13. Chateau de Pierrefonds, Oise, France (1858-85)
Designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc (1814-79).
Medieval style of architecture with Gothic Revival interior

1880s

Monte Carlo Casino (1880-85)

Designed by Charles Garnier.
Neo-Baroque style of architecture .

Sagrada Familia, Barcelona (1883)

Designed by Antoni Gaudi.
Art Nouveau style of Gothic architecture!

Eiffel Tower, Paris (1885-89)

Designed by Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) and Stephen Sauvestre.
Industrial Architecture: Giant viaduct pylon, prefabricated iron girders.

Palais Wagner, Vienna (1889-91)

Designed by Otto Wagner.
Vienna Secession style of architecture, combining delicate metalwork with ornament.

1890s

Wainwright Building, St Louis (1890-91)

Designed by Louis Sullivan.
Based on a grid of pronounced structural verticals.

Second Leiter Building, Chicago (1890-91)

Designed by William le Baron Genney.
Steel-frame construction: metal frame draped in a light masonry curtain wall.

Hotel van Eetvelde, Brussels (1895-98)

Designed by Victor Horta.
Art Nouveau style of architecture; creative use of stained glass and iron.

Majolika House, Vienna (1898)

Designed by Otto Wagner.
Vienna Secession style of architecture, with ceramic art facade.

Metro Station at Porte Dauphine, Paris (1899)

Designed by Hector Guimard (1867-1942).
Art Nouveau style of architecture.
Art Nouveau Architecture (1890-1920)
A decorative style of architecture characterized by flowing lines, and abstract
floral motifs, which was closely associated with the Arts and Crafts movement
championed by William Morris (1834-96). Known in Germany as Jugendstil - it was
applied to both the exterior and interior design of buildings. Interiors were often
lavishly decorated with various types of applied art - including stained glass and
ceramics.

Famous Art Nouveau Architects

• Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)

Designer of the Casa Mila (La Pedrera) (1906-10) in Barcelona.

• Victor Horta (1861-1947)

Designed Hotel Tassel (1892-3), and Maison du Peuple (1896-9) in Brussel

• Joseph Maria Olbrich (1867-1908)

Founder of the Vienna Seccession, designer of its headquarters.

New York School of Skyscraper Architecture (1900-30)

Steel-frame high-rise architecture was pioneered in the 19th century by American

architects in New York and Chicago: two cities which were experiencing rapid development
but whose available space was limited. With the fall in the price of steel - a major
construction material for high-rise structures - building upwards suddenly became much
more economically attractive. During the first three decades of the 20th century, New York
took the lead with a number of cutting-edge skyscrapers.
Park Row Building NYC, (1899–1901) by Robert Henderson Robertson.

Woolworth Building NYC, (1913) by Cass Gilbert.

Empire State Building NYC, (1929) by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon.

Rockefeller Center NYC, (1940) by Hofmeister, Hood, Godley, Fouilhoux.

Early Modernist Architecture (1900-30)
"Modernist architecture", the first real example of 20th century architecture, was designed
for "modern man". It was relatively, if not wholly, devoid of historical associations, and
made full use of the latest building techniques and materials, including iron, steel, glass and
concrete. Functionality was a key aspect of the modernist style. The format was later fully
realized in the United States: see, for instance, Henry Ford's assembly plant at Rouge River,
south of Detroit - then the largest manufacturing plant in the world.

• Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)

Designed Robie House, Chicago (1910); Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA (1937).

• Peter Behrens (1868-1940)

Built the AEG Turbine Factory, Berlin (1909)

.
• Adolf Loos (1870-1933)
Designed Steiner House, Vienna (1910); Moller House, Vienna (1928).

Totalitarian Architecture (1933-60)

Architectural design under dictators like Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin and Chairman Mao was
designed to awe their political subjects and impress foreign vistors. Buildings therefore had
to be conceived and built on a gargantuan scale, and often incorporated elements of Greek
architecture. Above all, Totalitarian architecture embodied the fantasies and megalomania
of the political leader.
Examples of Totalitarian Architectural Design

• City University, Rome (1935) by Marcello Piacentini.

• Olympic Stadium, Berlin (1934-6) by Werner March.

• New Reich Chancellery, Berlin (1938-9) by Albert Speer - see Nazi art (1933-45).

• Moscow State University (1953) designed by Lev Vladimirovich Rudnev.

• Great Hall of the People, Beijing (1959) by Zhang Bo.

21th CENTURY BUILDINGS AND ARCHITECTS.
Álvaro Siza
Expo’98 Portuguese National Pavilion

The Building on the Water

Antoine Predock.
Canadian Museum for Human Rights
Trinity River Audubon Centre

Ben van Berkel.

Theatre de Stoep

Theatre Agora
Bernard Tschumi.
New Acropolis Museum

Alesia Museum

Daniel Libeskind.
Extension to the Denver Art Museum, Frederic C. Hamilton Building

Moshe Safdie
Artscience Museum and Marina Bay Sands
David Childs.
Burj Khalifa

Frank Gehry

Fondation Louis Vuitton