THE BIG WORLD OF MICROORGANISM

MICROORGANISM

 Very small creatures

 Microscopic organism
 Unicellular organism
 Are found everywhere
 Also called MICROMES
Examples:
 BACTERIA
 PROTIST
 FUNGI
 VIRUS
MICROBIOLOGY
 Study of microorganism
PATHOGENS
 Disease causing microorganism
BACTERIA
 Prokaryotic organism
 Packs of enzymes with no distinct structure
 Can cause TUBERCULOSIS, STD
 FREE LIVING (SAPROTROPHS)
 NEED THE PRESENCE OF THE HOST(PARASITIC)
BACTERIAL SHAPES
1. COCCI- round shaped bacteria
2. BACILLI-rod shaped bacteria
3. SPIRILLA- spiral shaped bacteria
BACTERIAL ARRANGEMENT
1. DIPLO- in pair
2. TETRAD- four
3. SARCINAE- 8
4. STREPTO- in chains
5. STAPHYLO- in cluster like bunch of grapes
* Some BACTERIA reproduce asexually through:
1. BINARY FISSION- split into halves
2. BUDDING- organism develops from an outgrowth
3. SPORE FORMATION- open the pore case and be
scattered
PROTIST
 Eukaryotic organism
 Diverse collection of an organism
FUNGUS LIKE PROTIST
 Decomposers
 Have Cell wall
 Slime molds
 Water molds
PLANT LIKE PROTIST
 Have chlorophyll
 Have cell wall
 Phytoplankton
 Sea weeds
 Algae
ANIMAL LIKE PROTIST
 No cell wall
 They eat foods
 Amoeba
 Paramecium
 Euglena
 Also called PROTOZOANS
 They can move
 They are heterotrophs
 They are classified according to:
a. Sarcodines
b. Flagellates
c. Ciliates
d. Sporozoans
A. SARCODINES
 Move using pseudopods(false feet)
  Foraminiferans
 Radiolarian
 AMOEBA(most common)
B. FLAGELLATES
 They have whiplike projection called FLAGELLA for it’s
locomotion
 TRYCHONYMPHA-parasite in the body of termites
 EUGLENA(most common)
C. CILIATES
 They have hair like cilia as locomotor structures
 PARAMECIUM-most common example of ciliates
 VORTICELLA-colonial form
 BALANTIDIUM-human parasite
 BLEPHAROSOMA-large, free living and pink in colour
D. SPOROZOANS
 No structures for locomotion
 PLASMODIUM- most familiar example and it causes
malaria in human beings
PLANT LIKE PROTIST
 Unicellular organism
 Contain chlorophyll pigments
 Do not have true roots, stems, and leaves
 PHYTOPLANKTON- group of water-surface
microorganism
 Represented by:
A. Dinoflagellates
B. Euglenoids
C. Green, brown, red and golden algae
A. Dinoflagellates
 Single-celled organism with 2 flagella
 They are found in fresh water
 Many dinoflagellates give off light
 Some produce toxins(red tide) that can accumulate in
shellfish resulting in PARALYTIC SHELLFISH
POISONING(PSP) when eaten
B. Euglenoids
 Represented by euglena
 They have the same characteristics of both animal and
plant like protist
  They move using its FLAGELLUM
 When they are exposed to sun it uses it’s chloroplast to
make its own food
C. GREEN ALGAE
 Called as CHLOROPHYTES
 They are green because of the chlorophyll
 They grow in water, moist soil, melting snow, and
inside other organism
 EXAMPLES:
a) Chlorella
b) Drapamaldia
c) Pediastrum
d) Spirogyra
e) Chlamydomnas
f) Ulva
g) Volvox
D. BROWN ALGAE
 They are also called PHAEPHYTES
 They have chlorophyll and yellowish- brownish pigment
 EXAMPLES:
a) Sargassum(largest brown algae)
b) Laminaria
c) Turbinaria
d) Padina
e) Macrocystis
E. BROWN ALGAE
 They are also called RHODOPHYTES
 Group containing most of world’s seaweeds
 They contribute to the formation of the coral reef by
producing calcium carbonate
 EXAMPLES:
a) Coralina
b) Agardhiella
c) Porphyra
F. GOLDEN ALGAE
 They are also called CHRYSOPHYTES
 They contain yellow pigment
 EXAMPLES:
a) Cyclotella