SCHRAMM’S MODEL
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The third model is that of Wilbur Schramm, who is considered the
Father of Mass Communication. He came up with five models, but Schramm
Model (1995) we are concerned with is the concept that explains why
communication breakdown occurs. Schramm asserts that communication can
take place if and only if there is an overlap between the Field of Experience
of the speaker and the field of Experience of the Listener.
What is the Field of Experience? It is everything that makes a person
unique – everything he/she ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and
studied. In other words, it is everything a person has ever experienced, or not
experienced, done or not done. In fact, this is practically everything that has
happened in his/her life. It is this Field of Experience that is used to interpret
the Message and create a Response. It is also this Field of Experience of the
Listener that needs to overlap with the Speaker’s Field of Experience, which
can only happen when the two fields have commonalities. For example, the
teacher must deliver the lecture in either English or Filipino because that is the
language that the students know and use. If the teacher suddenly started using
Chinese in the lecture, the students will not understand a single thing!
SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The second model is that of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
(1948) which gave us the concept of “noise”. This is often called the Telephone
Model because it is based on the experience of having the message interfered
with by “noise” from the telephone switchboard back in the 1940s.
In this model, Shannon and Weaver assert that the Message sent by
the Source (Speaker) is not necessarily the Message received by the
Destination (Listener). This is due to the intervention of “noise” or anything that
hampers communication. Even today, with our advanced cellphone
technology, there are still barriers to clear transmission and reception of calls.
Dropped calls, calls that echo, faint, signals – all interfere with the
communication of the message.
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The third model is that of Wilbur Schramm, who is considered the
Father of Mass Communication. He came up with five models, but Schramm
Model (1995) we are concerned with is the concept that explains why
communication breakdown occurs. Schramm asserts that communication can
take place if and only if there is an overlap between the Field of Experience
of the speaker and the field of Experience of the Listener.
What is the Field of Experience? It is everything that makes a person
unique – everything he/she ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and
studied. In other words, it is everything a person has ever experienced, or not
experienced, done or not done. In fact, this is practically everything that has
happened in his/her life. It is this Field of Experience that is used to interpret
the Message and create a Response. It is also this Field of Experience of the
Listener that needs to overlap with the Speaker’s Field of Experience, which
can only happen when the two fields have commonalities. For example, the
teacher must deliver the lecture in either English or Filipino because that is the
language that the students know and use. If the teacher suddenly started using
Chinese in the lecture, the students will not understand a single thing!
SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The second model is that of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
(1948) which gave us the concept of “noise”. This is often called the Telephone
Model because it is based on the experience of having the message interfered
with by “noise” from the telephone switchboard back in the 1940s.
In this model, Shannon and Weaver assert that the Message sent by
the Source (Speaker) is not necessarily the Message received by the
Destination (Listener). This is due to the intervention of “noise” or anything that
hampers communication. Even today, with our advanced cellphone
technology, there are still barriers to clear transmission and reception of calls.
Dropped calls, calls that echo, faint, signals – all interfere with the
communication of the message.
 TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the
Transaction Model is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one
element. This model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange of
messages between communicators with the aim of understanding each other.
It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of
communication.
What is the Field of Experience? It is everything that makes a person
unique – everything he/she ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and
studied. In other words, it is everything a person has ever experienced, or not
experienced, done or not done. In fact, this is practically everything that has
happened in his/her life. It is this Field of Experience that is used to interpret
the Message and create a Response. It is also this Field of Experience of the
Listener that needs to overlap with the Speaker’s Field of Experience, which
can only happen when the two fields have commonalities
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the
Transaction Model is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one
element. This model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange of
messages between communicators with the aim of understanding each other.
It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of
communication.
What is the Field of Experience? It is everything that makes a person
unique – everything he/she ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and
studied. In other words, it is everything a person has ever experienced, or not
experienced, done or not done. In fact, this is practically everything that has
happened in his/her life. It is this Field of Experience that is used to interpret
the Message and create a Response. It is also this Field of Experience of the
Listener that needs to overlap with the Speaker’s Field of Experience, which
can only happen when the two fields have commonalities
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the
Transaction Model is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one
element. This model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange of
messages between communicators with the aim of understanding each other.
It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of
communication.
What is the Field of Experience? It is everything that makes a person
unique – everything he/she ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and
studied. In other words, it is everything a person has ever experienced, or not
experienced, done or not done. In fact, this is practically everything that has
happened in his/her life. It is this Field of Experience that is used to interpret
the Message and create a Response. It is also this Field of Experience of the
Listener that needs to overlap with the Speaker’s Field of Experience, which
can only happen when the two fields have commonalities
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the
Transaction Model is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one
element. This model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange of
messages between communicators with the aim of understanding each other.
It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of
communication.
What is the Field of Experience? It is everything that makes a person
unique – everything he/she ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and
studied. In other words, it is everything a person has ever experienced, or not
experienced, done or not done. In fact, this is practically everything that has
happened in his/her life. It is this Field of Experience that is used to interpret
the Message and create a Response. It is also this Field of Experience of the
Listener that needs to overlap with the Speaker’s Field of Experience, which
can only happen when the two fields have commonalities