MUSCLE OF UPPER EXTREMETIES

Muscles Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action

CONNECTING THE UPPER LIMB AND VERTEBRAL COLUMN
external occipital
Trapezius
protuberance (inion)
Rhomboid major T2 –T5 (spinous process)
Rhomboid minor C7 –T1 (spinous process)
atlas and axis (transverse
Levator scapulae
process)
Latissimus dorsi thoracolumbar fascia
CONNECTING THE UPPER LIMB AND THORACIC WALL
Pectoralis major clavicle
Pectoralis minor 3rd – 5th ribs
steadies the scapula and
ventral rami C3 & C4 (spinal controls its position and
clavicle
nerves) movements during active use of
the upper limb
scapula Dorsal scapular Controls the position of the
Scapular spine Dorsal scapular scapula during active use of the
upper limb.
scapula dorsal scapular nerve
intertubercular sulcus Extends, adducts and medially
Thoracodorsal nerve
(humerus) rotates the humerus.
intertubercular sulcus Adduction and medial rotation of
pectoral nerve
(humerus) humerus
Assists the serratus anterior in
drawing the scapula forwards
coracoid process (scapula) pectoral nerve
around the chest wall.

Pulls the point of the shoulder

downwards and forwards and
steadies the clavicle during
C5 and C6
Subclavius 1st rib clavicle movements of the shoulder, by
bracing it against the articular
disc of the sternoclavicular joint

Draws the scapula forward, and

is the chief muscle concerned in
Serratus anterior 8th – 9th ribs Scapula Long thoracic nerve all reaching and pushing
movements.

SCAPULAR MUSCLES
It is the great abductor of the
Deltoid Scapular spine Deltoid tuberosity Axillary nerve
arm
Medial rotation (humerus)
Subscapularis Scapula Lesster tubercle (humerus) Subscapular nerve
 Initiates abduction of the arm;
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa Greater tubercle Suprascapular nerve rotates the humerus laterally

Rotates the humerus laterally.

infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Greater tubercle Suprascapular nerve
Adducts & medially rotates the
Teres major Scapula Intertubercular tubercle Subscapular nerve
humerus

Teres minor scapula Greater tubercle Axillary nerve Rotates humerus laterally

UPPER ARM
Ant. Compartment (flexors):
Long head: supraglenoid
tubercle Flexes and supinates the
Biceps brachii Radial tuberosity Musculocutaneous nerve
Short head: coracoids forearm
process
Medial surface fo the humerus
Coracobrachialis Coracoids process Medial surface (humerus) Musculocutaneous nerve
near its middle
Flexor of the elbow joint with the
brachialis Anterior surface (humerus) Ulnar tuberosity Musculocutaneous nerve
forearm either prone or supine
Post. Compartment (extensors):
Long head: infraglenoid
tubercle
Lateral head: posterior All three heads extend the
Olecranon process (ulna) Radial nerve
triceps surface (humerus) forearm at the elbow joint
Medial head: posterior
surface (humerus)
ANTERIOR FOREARM
Superficial flexor:
Pronates and flexes the forearm
Pronator teres coronoid process (ulna) radial shaft Median nerve
medial epicondyle
Flexor carpi radialis 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Median nerve Flexes the hand at the wrist joint
(humerus)
medial epicondyle of the Flexes the hand at the wrist and
Palmaris longus palmar fascia Median nerve
humerus tenses the palmar aponeurosis
Humeral head: medial
epicondyle
Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar head: olecranon Pisiform bone Ulnar nerve adducts the hand
process
 Humeroulnar head: Medial
Flexor digitorum
epicondyle Above: 3rd – 4th middle phalanx
superficialis (sublimis
Radial head: radial Below: 2nd & 5th middle phalanx
muscle)
tuberosity
anterior and medial aspects
Flexor digitorum profundus
(ulna)
Humeral head: medial
epicondyle
Flexor pollicis longus
Radial head: anterior
surface radius
Pronator quadratus Ulnar shaft
Brachioradialis supracondylar ridge
Extensor carpi radialis
supracondylar ridge
longus
Extensor carpi radialis
lateral epicondyle
brevis
Extensor digitorum lateral condyle
Dorsal digital expansion (little
Extensor digiti minimi lateral condyle
Extensor carpi ulnaris lateral epicondyle
Anconeus lateral epicondyle
Lateral surface of the proximal
Supinator muscle lateral epicondyle
posterior surface (radius
Abductor pollicis longus
and ulna)
Extensor pollicis brevis posterior surface (radius)
Extensor pollicis longus posterior shaft (ulna)
Extensor indicis posterior surface (ulna)
Deep flexor:
Distal phalanx
Distal phalanx (thumb)
Anterior surface (radius)
POSTERIOR FOREARM
Superficial extensor group:
styloid process (radius)
2nd metacarpal bone
3rd metacarpal bone
middle and distal phalanges
finger)
5th metacarpal bone
Olecranon
Deep extensor group:
1/3rd of the radius
trapezoid bone
proximal phalanx (thumb)
distal phalanx (thumb)
Flexes the middle and proximal
Median nerve phalanges of the four medial
fingers, also flexes the wrist
Flexes the distal phalanx and
Median nerve helps in flexing the proximal
phalanx of the thumb
Flexes the phalanges of the
Median nerve thumb
Median nerve Principal pronator of the forearm
Radial nerve Flexor of the elbow joint
Radial nerve Extends the hand
Radial nerve Extends the hand
Radial nerve Extends the fingers and hand
Extends the little finger and the
Radial nerve wrist working in conjunction with
extensor digitorum
Radial nerve Extends and adducts the hand
Helps to extend the forearm at
Radial nerve
elbow joint
Rotates the radius to supinate
Radial nerve
the hand and forearm
Abducts and assists in
Radial nerve
extending the thumb
Extends the proximal phalanx
Radial nerve and metacarpal bone of the
thumb
Extends the thumb, and a minor
Radial nerve extent, the hand
Extends the index finger, and
Radial nerve helps extend the hand

Adductor pollicis brevis tubercle of the trapezium
Opponens pollicis tubercle of the trapezium
Superficial head: tubercle of
trapezium
Flexor pollicis brevis
Deep head: Trapezoid and
capitate bones
Oblique head: 2nd and 3rd
metacarpal bones
Adductor pollicis Transverse head: Palmar
surface of the 3rd
metacarpal bone
Palmaris brevis palmar aponeurosis
Abductor digiti minimi pisiform bone
hamulus of the hamate
Flexor digiti minimi
bone
hamulus of the hamate
Opponens digiti minimi
bone
tendons of the flexor
Lumbrical muscles
digitorum profundus muscle
adjacent sides of two
Dorsal interossei
metacarpal bones
one head from the 2nd, 4th,
Palmar interossei
and 5th fingers
HAND
Draws the thumb forwards in a
plane at right angles to the palm
proximal phalanx (thumb) Median nerve
of the hand and rotates it
medially
Opposes the thumb to the other
metacarpal bone of the thumb Median nerve
fingers
Superficial head: median
Flexes the proximal phalanx of
proximal phalanx (thumb) nerve
the thumb
Deep head: ulnar nerve
proximal phalanx (thumb) Ulnar nerve Adducts the thumb
dermis on the ulnar side of the Helps tense the skin over the
Ulnar nerve
hand hypothenar muscles
proximal phalanx and dorsal
Ulnar nerve Adducts the little finger
aponeurosis of the little finger
proximal phalanx of the little Flexes the little finger at the
Ulnar nerve
finger metacarpophalangeal joint
Ulnar side of the 5th metacarpal Bring the little finger into
Ulnar nerve
bone opposition with the thumb
Radial two lumbricals (1st and
Radial side of dorsal digital
2nd): median nerve
expansion, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Flex metacarpophalangeal joints
Ulnar two lumbricals (3rd and
digit
4th): ulnar nerve
proximal phalanges and the
Abduct fingers from center of
dorsal expansions of the 2nd, Ulnar nerve
third finger
3rd, and 4th fingers
Dorsal digital expansions of the Adduct fingers toward center of
Ulnar nerve
2nd, 4th and 5th fingers third finger