Mobile App-Based Identifying Personal

Computer Motherboard Technical

Specification

By:

Aljon Paul S. Espera

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty

Of the College of Engineering and Architecture
in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

University of Nueva Caceres

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I........................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER II .......................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Motherboard ........................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1 Motherboard Specifications ........................................................................... 5

2.2 Image Processing ................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 Optical Character Recognition ..................................................................... 6

2.3 Mobile Phones ......................................................................................................... 6

2.3.1 Mobile Phone Operating System ................................................................... 7

2.3.2 Android Operating System .............................................................................. 8

2.4 Programming ........................................................................................................... 8

2.4.1 Python ................................................................................................................ 8

2.4.2 Firebase .............................................................................................................. 9

2.4.3 ML Kit .................................................................................................................. 9

2.4.4 TensorFlow........................................................................................................ 10

2.4.5 Android Studio ................................................................................................ 10

CHAPTER III ....................................................................................................................... 11

3.1 Framework of the Study ....................................................................................... 11

3.1.1 Initial Requirements Gathering ..................................................................... 12

3.1.1.1 Software Requirements............................................................................ 12

3.1.2 Software Application Design ........................................................................ 12

3.1.2.1 User Interface Design ............................................................................... 13

3.1.2.2 Use Case Diagram.................................................................................... 14

3.1.2.3 Application Flowchart ............................................................................. 15

3.1.2.4 Database Design ...................................................................................... 16

i
 3.1.3 Software Application Development ............................................................ 16

3.1.4 Software Application Testing ........................................................................ 16

3.1.4.1 Environment for Testing ............................................................................ 17

3.2 Data Gathering..................................................................................................... 17

3.3 Statistical Method used in the Research ........................................................... 19

3.3.1 One Sample Z – Test ....................................................................................... 19

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 21

PRICE LIST ......................................................................................................................... 25

ii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Moving and still images have been included in learning materials for

decades. High-resolution screens made it possible for high-quality images to be a

part of eLearning visual design. Graphic interfaces made up of photos, charts,

diagrams, and videos are gradually replacing text-based courses. (Gutierrez,

2014). Comprehensive understanding of the image and accurate identification

of the target objects in the image becomes possible. Image recognition

technology aims to detect the target objects using various methods of image

processing and pattern recognition. Also, image recognition is useful in a variety

of applications such as facial recognition, text recognition and classification of

objects. (Doshi, Punktambekar, Kini, & Dhami, 2014). Text recognition is important

for a lot of applications like automatic sign reading, navigation, language

translation, license plate reading, content-based image search etc. So, it is

necessary to understand scene text than ever. (Muthuraman & Karthikeyan,

2019). There is a need of character recognition mechanisms to perform

document image analysis which transforms documents in paper format to

electronic format and there is a huge demand of storing the information

available on paper documents in to a computer readable form for later use.

(Singh & Manwatkar, 2015)

Text recognition in images is an active research area which attempts to

develop a computer application with the ability to automatically read the text

from images. (Singh & Manwatkar, 2015). According to (Karmakar, Chakraborty,

1
& Mizan, 2017), They proposed an algorithm for solving character recognitions.

Given an input in the form of images. The algorithm was trained on the training

data that was initially present in the database and done preprocessing like noise

removal and skew correction and do segmentation by separating lines from

textual images. Also, the text recognition method proposed in (Bourlard,

Odobez, & Chen, 2003) study embeds the traditional character segmentation

step followed by an OCR algorithm. Their method is split into two main parts: the

detection of text lines, followed by the recognition of text in these lines. In the

study of (Zhou, McGuiness, & O'Connor, 2018) about Text recognition and

retrieval system for e-Business image management stated that the on-going

growth of e-business has resulted in companies having to manage an ever-

increasing number of products. They proposed a method combining neural

networks and MSERs for image indexing and a novel dataset is prepared

specially for text recognition evaluation in e-business images. Text Recognition

can also be used in numerous applications such as in handwriting recognition,

Receipt imaging to monitor financial records. Banking utilizes it to process

cheques without human intervention, it can also be used on healthcare,

medical experts continuously need to manage extensive volumes of documents

for each patient and also on automatic number plate recognition which is

utilized as a mass observation method to recognize vehicle registration plate

and is used by different police forces as a technique for electronic toll

accumulation on pay per-use streets. (Kaya & Hamad, 2016)

The problem that this study wants to address is the insufficient information

that is described on certain products. The general objective of this study is to

2
create an application to identify the specifications of a motherboard by

recognizing the model name of the motherboard to reduce the time of

searching information via the internet or looking it up on the motherboard’s

manual.

The study aims to provide consumers especially computer hobbyists

another method of learning the specifications that is not stated or written on the

motherboard to be used for purposes such as for their studies or even purchasing

components. This study may be used as a reference for future systems on

identifying names and specifications in the manufacturing process of products

on assembly lines and also on businesses that involves a large number of

products being sold especially on stores to identify the manufacturer of the

product, the expiration date, the production date, etc.

This study will only focus on recognizing the name of the model that is

written on the motherboard. The application will use a camera for identifying the

motherboards model name and will only be limited to an Android mobile phone.

Only certain specifications such as the Socket type, form factor, and memory

support will be covered in this study. This study will only identify specific

motherboards that is available on the market as of now. The proposed

motherboard specification identifier will exclude the detection of motherboard

parts, ports, connectors, electrical components, such as resistor, capacitors, and

inductors, and the backside of the motherboard. The model name of the

motherboard should be visible, connecting wires and peripherals should be

removed if the name is not visible.

3
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Motherboard

The computer motherboard (Figure 2.1) is one of the most important part of

the Personal Computer. It is the hardware of the computer installed inside the

system unit. This Hardware act as the main board or core assembly of the system

unit. Inside the CPU case there are a lot of other hardware connected to the

motherboard, namely: Hard Disk Drive, CD/DVD ROM, Processor, RAM, Lan Card,

Power Supply Unit, and Graphics Card. (Black, 2010).

Figure 2.1 Gigabyte GA-A320M-DS2 Motherboard

4
 Below is the specific motherboards that is currently available and is in the

market that will be used in this study for the purpose of testing.

1. Gigabyte GA-A320M-DS2

2. Gigabyte GA-H61M-S1

3. ASUS EX-H310-V3

2.1.1 Motherboard Specifications

Below is a table of motherboard specifications and its description that will

be identified. Other specifications will not be identified for the reason that it is

already physically visible such as how many Memory slots, PCIe slots, etc.

Specification Description

Socket The socket type of the motherboard.

Form Factor The size of the motherboard.

Memory Support The type of memory the motherboard supports and what

speeds of RAM the motherboard can use

Table 2.1 Motherboard Specifications that will be identified.

2.2 Image Processing

Digital Image Processing refers to processing digital images by means of a

digital computer. A digital image is composed of a finite number of elements,

each of which has a particular location and value. (Woods & Gonzalez, 1992).

The purpose of image processing is to improve pictorial information for human

interpretation, compression of image data for storage and transmission, and

5
preprocessing to enable object detection, classification, and tracking. (Wang,

2001)

2.2.1 Optical Character Recognition

Optical Character Recognition or OCR algorithm is the conversion of

scanned images of printed, handwritten or typewritten text into machine-

encoded text. This technology allows to automatically recognize characters

through an optical mechanism. (Jana, Chodhury, & Islam, 2014). Human eyes

naturally recognize various patterns, fonts or styles. For computers, it is hard work

to do. Any scanned document is a graphics file, i.e., a pattern of pixels. A

computer localizes, detects and recognizes characters on an image and turns

the image of paper documents into a text file. Then, it becomes possible to

extract meaningful information. Texts in a machine-readable form can then be

used for different purposes. They can be scanned in search of patterns and vital

data, used to generate reports and draw up charts, distributed into spreadsheets,

and more. OCR began as a field of research in artificial intelligence and

computational vision. Text Recognition used in official task in which the large

data must type like post offices, banks, colleges, etc. In Real life applications

where we want to collect some information from text written image. (Karmakar,

Chakraborty, & Mizan, 2017).

2.3 Mobile Phones

The mobile phone (Figure 2.2) enables an instantaneous news, information,

and discussion channel for the mass media. (Oksman, 2010). With more than a

billion mobile phones being carried around by consumers of all ages, the mobile

6
phone has become the most pervasive pocket-carried device. Today’s

smartphones are capable to support a large spectrum of applications. These

Figure 2.2 Asus Zenfone Max M2 Smartphone

devices can also be used to interact with the surrounding environment in

different ways. (Iftode, Borcea, Ravi, Kang, & Zhou Peng, 2004).

2.3.1 Mobile Phone Operating System

A mobile operating system, also called a mobile OS, is an operating

system that is specifically designed to run on mobile devices such as mobile

phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers and other handheld devices.

Much like the Linux or Windows operating system controls your desktop or laptop

computer, a mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which

other programs can run on mobile devices. The operating system is responsible

for determining the functions and features available on your device, such as

thumb wheel, keyboards, WAP, synchronization with applications, email, text

7
messaging and more. The mobile OS will also determine which third-party

applications (mobile apps) can be used on your device. (Beal, 2011).

2.3.2 Android Operating System

As smart phones and tablets become more popular, the operating systems

for those devices become more important. Android is such an operating system

for low powered devices that run on battery and are full of hardware like GPS

receivers, cameras, light and orientation sensor, Wi-Fi Connectivity, and touch

screen. Like all operating systems, Android enables applications to make use of

the hardware features through abstraction and provide a defined environment

for applications. (Shilby, 2016)

2.4 Programming

Programming is the art of developing computer programs with the aid of

selected programming language by a computer programmer. It is a special skill

whose quality is tested by the quality of the resulting program or software. A well

written program could be parceled well to form an application package

customized for solving specific typed of problem on the computer system.

(Lateef, Owoade, Ogunsanwo, & Abimbola, 2016).

2.4.1 Python

Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-

purpose programming. Apart from being open source programming language,

python is a great object-oriented, interpreted, and interactive programming

language. Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. Python is

8
widely considered as the preferred language for teaching and learning machine

learning. Machine Learning is simply making a computer perform a task without

explicitly programming it. In today’s world every system that does well has a

machine learning algorithm at its heart. (Sehgal, 2017)

2.4.2 Firebase

Firebase is a mobile and web application development platform

developed by Firebase, Inc. in 2011, then acquired by Google in 2014. (Tamplin,

2014). It is a backend platform for building web, android, and iOS applications. It

offers real time database, different APIs, multiple authentication types, hosting

platform and much more. Firebase can power your app’s backend, including

data storage, user authentication, static hosting and more. The database in

firebase is a cloud-based database and does not need SQL-based queries to

store and fetch data. Database is highly reliable and superfast means that data

is updated and synchronized in no time and data is maintained even the user

loses internet connection. (Mehta, Madhani, & Patwardhan, 2017).

2.4.3 ML Kit

ML Kit is a mobile SDK that brings Google's machine learning expertise to

Android and iOS apps in a powerful yet easy-to-use package. ML Kit provides

convenient APIs that help you use your custom TensorFlow Lite models in your

mobile apps. (Elbouchikhi, 2018). Developers can choose on-device or cloud

APIs. Cloud APIs process data on the Google Cloud Platform, therefore object

recognition is performed more precisely. However, cloud models are larger than

on-device models. On-device models require less space, they can function

9
offline, and data processing is faster, but these models are not so accurate.

(Kuprenko, 2019).

2.4.4 TensorFlow

TensorFlow is a Python library for fast numerical computing created. It was

designed by the google team to implement machine learning and deep

learning concepts. TensorFlow has datasets provides a collection of datasets

ready to use with TensorFlow. It handles downloading and preparing the data.

(Cristianini, 2018). TensorFlow was designed for use both in research and

development and in production systems. It can run on single CPU systems, GPUs

as well as mobile devices and large-scale distributed systems of hundreds of

machines. (Brownlee, 2016).

2.4.5 Android Studio

Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE)

for Android application development. To support application development

within the Android operating system, Android Studio uses a Gradle-based build

system, emulator, code templates, and GitHub integration. Every project in

Android Studio has one or more modalities with source code and resource files.

These modalities include Android app modules, Library modules, and Google

App Engine modules. (Rouse, 2018).

10
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

3.1 Framework of the Study

The conceptual framework of the study is based on the Rapid Application

Development (RAD), a methodology which is a development model that

prioritizes rapid prototyping and quick feedback over long drawn out testing

cycles and can make multiple iterations and updates to a software rapidly

without needing to start a development schedule from scratch each time

It is divided into phases, the initial requirements gathering, design,

programming, software testing, and evaluation, to easily keep track of the step

by step process. The first phase, initial requirements, we gather the required

software and data for the database that will be used for this study.

Figure 3.1 The Conceptual Framework

11
 In the programming phase the developer will integrate software

development kits to be used for the application and also prepare the database

of the motherboard’s specifications. Design phase, in this phase the user

interface of the application will be planned and also discuss how the application

will work using a use case diagram. Software testing phase then test the

accuracy on how the application recognizes the text correctly and will then be

analyzed.

3.1.1 Initial Requirements Gathering

During the gathering of the initial requirements, the proponents will create

the initial concept and identify the requirements that is needed to develop the

application. Afterwards, the developer will then be able to generate a plan and

schedule for the development of the application.

3.1.1.1 Software & Hardware Requirements

Identifying the necessary software requirements must be done to develop

a functional python-based android application. The library and software

development kit to be used is the Firebase and ML Kit, respectively. The mobile

phones should have an Android Version of 6.0, a camera with 8 Megapixels, at

least 3 GB of RAM, and a quad-core processor for the reason that most mobile

phones being used today have these specifications.

3.1.2 Software Application Design

In this phase, the proponent has identified all the requirements and

information as well as creating the plan and schedule for developing the

12
application. The proponents will then design the user interface of the application

and design how the application will work using a use case diagram and a

flowchart for the application. Having an architectural design is needed to carve

up the app into components and assigning functionality to each component

and detailing how the components are going to interact with each other.

3.1.2.1 User Interface Design

Figure 3.2 UI Layout Design

The user interface will consist of buttons users click on for capturing the

image, the text field where the specifications will be displayed. Designers focus

on building interfaces that users will find highly usable and efficient. The user

manipulates the application via an input and then the expected results are

displayed via the output. The motherboard’s model name should be within the

13
mobile application’s targeted box in order for it to recognized so that only the

model name and not other characters within the motherboard to avoid it being

recognized and alter the output of the application.

3.1.2.2 Use Case Diagram

In Figure 3.3, the User starts the application and chooses to capture the

image of the name of the motherboard’s model. The User will automatically see

the motherboard’s specifications after the captured image has been

recognized and fetched from the database. The admin of the application has

the access to make updates on the database and application.

Figure 3.3 Use Case Diagram of the Application

14
3.1.2.3 Application Flowchart

Figure 3.4 shows the flowchart of the application. The process of how the

application works can be understood well by looking at the flowchart. The

application starts, then the user must capture the image of a motherboard, the

application will then recognize the text on the image. If the recognized text

matches one on the database it will then fetch of the specifications of that

recognized text from the database and be displayed on the application.

Figure 3.4 Flowchart of the Application

15
3.1.2.4 Database Design

The database is needed for the application to store information

specifically the motherboard model and its specifications which will be fetched

and displayed after the application has captured, recognized, and matched

the characters of the motherboard model in the database.

3.1.3 Software Application Development

In this phase, after all the initial requirements have been gathered the

developer will now prepare the motherboard database that will be used for the

android application. The developer will then Integrate the Firebase library and

the Software Development Kits (SDK) into the program, specifically the ML Kit.

These SDKs are required for developing platform-specific applications and also,

they add certain features for the app.

3.1.4 Software Application Testing

In this phase, the proponent will conduct an activity to check whether the

actual results match the expected or desired results to ensure that the software is

effective and efficient. The following are the steps that will be performed during

testing.

1. Start the Application on the Mobile Phone.

2. Locate & Capture the motherboard’s model name.

3. Wait until the application detects and recognizes the model name text.

4. Proponents will now record the data on how many characters are correct

and incorrect during the test.

16
3.1.4.1 Environment for Testing

In this study, the preferred illumination of the environment for testing the

application is between 1500 – 3000 lumens which is the recommended light

levels for everyday workspaces such as libraries, classrooms, and homes, also

shadows and other obstructions caused by objects that can affect the result

should be removed in the testing environment. The distance between the

motherboard and mobile phone camera should be at least 15 cm but should

not be more than a 30cm for the reason that this study is only after to capture

the image where the motherboard’s model name is located and not the entire

motherboard. The angle for testing is that the camera should be perpendicular

to the motherboard to fully capture the characters of the motherboard’s model

name and avoid any perspective distortions.

3.2 Data Gathering

This section shows the data that is required that will be gathered through

testing the application and will be written on the tables below. There will be

three (3) motherboards that will be tested for which will have fifty (50) tests in

each table for a total of one hundred fifty (150) tests. The proponent shall record

whether the application detects and recognizes the characters correctly or

incorrectly. The format of the motherboard’s model name to be detected is a

combination of alphanumeric characters and dashes commonly below the

motherboard manufacturer’s name such as GIGABYTE and ASUS.

17
MOTHERBOARD #1 TEST OF THE PROPOSED APPLICATION
TESTS Test Entirely Correct Incorrect
Characters Y =1 | N = 0 Y =1 | N = 0
1
2
3
…
50
MEAN
STANDARD DEVIATION

Table 3.1 Calculations of the Mean and Standard Deviation with a motherboard

that has a black background and white font color.

MOTHERBOARD #2 TEST OF THE PROPOSED APPLICATION

TESTS Test Entirely Correct Incorrect
Characters Y =1 | N = 0 Y =1 | N = 0
1
2
3
…
50
MEAN
STANDARD DEVIATION

Table 3.2 Data and Calculations for the Mean and Standard Deviation with a

motherboard that has a blue background and white font color.

18
MOTHERBOARD #3 TEST OF THE PROPOSED APPLICATION
TESTS Test Entirely Correct Incorrect
Characters Y =1 | N = 0 Y =1 | N = 0
1
2
3
…
50
MEAN
STANDARD DEVIATION

Table 3.3 Data and Calculations for the Mean and Standard Deviation with a

motherboard that has a black background and red font color.

3.3 Statistical Method used in the Research

3.3.1 One Sample Z – Test

The study will use a one sample Z-Test to see if the proposed application’s

accurate in detecting and recognizing the motherboard’s model name. The

data that will be used will be based on the completed proposed applications

testing and analysis which will have a total of fifty (50) tests.

The Null Hypothesis is if there is no error or the recognized characters from

the application is entirely correct. The Alternative Hypothesis is if there is a

significant difference or character error between the original text and the

recognized text.

19
 To determine the value of the Z-Score, this formula will be used:

(3.6)

Where:

α = 0.05

x̄ = Entirely Correct Characters Mean

σ = Standard Deviation

n = Total no. of Tests

µ = Hypothesized Mean

The variables in the equation are α, x̄, σ, n, and µ, which will be used for

the calculation of the Z – Test. x̄ is the mean of the entirely correct recognized

characters of the gathered data from the proponent’s application. σ as the

standard deviation, n as the sample size, α as the significance level which

is 0.05, and µ being the hypothesized mean.

The proponent will then conduct the z – test after calculating the Z value.

The proponent shall use a significance level of 0.05. The null Hypothesis will be

rejected if the test statistic is greater than 1.645.

20
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 PRICE LIST

Components Quantity Price

Android Studio 1 Free
Android Smartphone 1 ₱ 3,000 or above
Motherboard 3 ₱ 3,000 or above
TOTAL ₱ 12,000 or above

25