Project Id: 2019PJ-IT19

Synopsis on
ONLINE TRAVEL PLANNER

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

Bachelor of Technology
In

Information Technology
By
Yash Kulshreshtha (1629013062)
Sarthak Verma (1629013045)
Shivam Singh (1629013051)
Under the Supervision of

(Prof. Vishwachi)
ABES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

AFFILIATED TO DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

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 INDEX

1. Objective and Problem statement 1

2. Abstract 2
3. Introduction 3
4. Brief Literature Survey 6
5. Flow chart 8
6. Tools and Techniques used for the project 10
7. Gantt chart 11
8. References 12

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 OBJECTIVE AND PROBLEM STATEMENT
In today’s world most of us love to travel either it’s travelling locally or going for a trip to
abroad. But with travelling the biggest issue which comes to most of us is if this trip affordable
to us. Talking about a middle class family with an average income of one to five lakh INR within
which they have to run a family and with that thinking about an abroad trip seems like
unaffordable. This is a common problem which every person who ever wish to travel faces.
The solution which we are providing is an application which will analyse the budget of the
traveller and will provide the best way including all the accommodations and services which
can be provided to the traveller during his/her journey.

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 ABSTRACT
1. Online travel market around the world and APAC(Asia pacific Nation) is growing at a
faster pace, and India being one of the top emerging markets, representing 9% of
APAC online market, travel organizations are trying their level best to deploy emerging
technologies for gaining competitive advantage and to catch up with the rapidly
changing business scenario in India.
2. Over the past two decades , there has been an increase focus on the development of
Information and Communication Technologies , as well as the impact that they have
had on the tourism industry and on travellers behaviours.
3. However, research on what drives consumers to purchase travel online has typically
been fragmented. In order to better understand consumers’ behaviour toward online
travel purchasing.
4. The antecedents of online travel shopping found are classified into three main
categories: Consumer Characteristics, Perceived Channel Characteristics, and Website
and Product Characteristics. Finally, this study identifies several gaps and provides
some orientation for future research
5. Website provide best user experience and most affordable travel plans.

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 INTRODUCTION
1. Travel is an inherently social activity, arranging a trip is a complex endeavour that
often involves an intensely personal decision-making process. From the
beginning, most travel sellers designed websites to support a shop-book
sequence. This mimicked the approach, professional travel agents used on global
distribution systems (GDSs).
2. The design was made to capitalize on low-hanging fruit – monetizing traffic by
making bookings for travellers who already had specific dates and destinations in
mind. Researchers have investigated search for travel information on the Web in
terms of adoption of travel e-shopping (Kamarulzaman 2007), differences among
age cohorts (Beldona 2005), the role of destination online promotion activities
(Han & Mills 2006), and depth of information search (Johnson et al. 2004).
However, research is needed to investigate the nature of comparison search on
purchase completion.
3. Reports in commercial media suggest that the ratio of lookers (those who search
for travel information on the Internet) versus bookers (those who actually purchase
travel products) has been low (29%) (Evason 2000) and declining rapidly with
current statistics citing one buyer for every 10,000 to 100,000 viewers (look-to-
book ratio 0.001% to 0.0001%) (Torbenson 2010).
4. This low rate of visit-to-purchase conversion underscores the need to predict and
understand the extent of and impact of comparison-shopping on purchase
conversion. This is of utmost importance to travel website managers since small
changes in purchase conversion can result in considerable increases in sales
revenue. Nevertheless, little is known about the effects of comparison search
duration (time spent searching for travel information online) and comparison
search dispersion (number of alternative vendors examined) during pre-purchase
search on consumer propensity to complete a travel purchase at a website (Totty
2002).
5. The development of Information and Communication Technologies and par-
ticularly the Internet has had a profound impact on the travel industry .These
developments have changed travellers behaviour that now depend on the Internet
to search for information, plan their travel, and purchase.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE COST OF TRAVEL
1. THE COUNTRY YOU VISIT -
If you spend a lot of your time in developed countries (Europe, Australia, New
Zealand, and Japan) your costs will be very high. In Europe and Australia, per
person costs average $125 per day. For our family of four, we averaged $350
per day in these countries, Asia, Africa, and South America are cheaper. In
places like Cambodia, India, and Nepal, you can spend as little as $50 per
person per day and still eat well and stay in nice accommodations. Our family
of four averaged $185 per day in Southeast Asia, $180 per day in Nepal, and
$155 per day in India. Planning your trip such that you visit more countries with
a lower cost of living will help you keep your expenses down. And that is what
we did, while making sure they were still countries we were interested in visiting.
During our 13 months of travel, we spent nine of them in Asia. We also spent
six weeks in Southern Africa. These countries are on the cheaper end of the

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 scale. We limited our time in New Zealand and Australia to seven weeks and
we limited our time in Europe to just five weeks. All of these are on the more
expensive end of the scale.
2. MODE OF TRANSPORTATION-
Your primary mode of transportation will have a huge impact on your budget.
Plane flights are the most expensive, whereas bus travel is extremely cheap. If
you really want to keep your budget low, limit your flights and fill in the gaps with
bus and train travel.But remember, you get what you pay for. Bus travel is a very
cost effective way of traveling, but it’s also slow and can get incredibly frustrating.
When you are traveling long-term, you have the luxury of time, so adding in a day
for travel between Bangkok and Chiang Mai may be worth the savings over the
airplane flight.

3. WHAT WE DID –
In Europe, we traveled through Italy on the train and occasionally used the
public buses. Once in Germany, we rented a car simply for the convenience
of touring Bavaria.While in Southern Africa, we rented a car for the entire six
weeks we were there. We drove a lot, but saved a ton of money since we
didn’t have to book flights for the four of us.While in Asia, we booked airplane
flights for our longer hops and filled in the gaps with bus travel. We did take
an occasional flight out of convenience. For example, to travel between Laos
and Cambodia, it was going to be two bus journeys taking over 24 hours that
would have cost just a little bit less than a plane flight. In circumstances like
these, it was a no-brainer to take the flight.We toured New Zealand from
bottom to the top in a car, our best road trip ever. In Australia, we primarily
traveled by car but we did fly between some destinations .All in all, over our
13 month journey, we traveled on 90 buses, 56 trains, and 44 airplanes.

HOW TO MAKE IT CHEAP

1. Booking a flight can be one of the most stressful parts about travel! Airfare is
expensive and, with variation in prices, we often worry that if we buy right
now, prices could drop and we’d be the person who paid the most money for
the flight. “Maybe if I wait just a little longer, prices will drop,” we say to

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 ourselves. We used to spend hours upon hours searching for the right price.
I’d search multiple websites, second-guess myself, and worry about what
happens when the prices drop. I would hold off on buying, waiting for that
perfect moment. It was like trying to time the market it simply doesn’t work. 99
times out of 100, you lose out. On a recent trip from Austin, a one-way ticket
on American Airlines was $206 USD. The next day it was $149 USD and a
BETTER route. When I checked a few hours later, it was back to $206 USD.

2. You can predict the best price for the given period of time and provide the
user the relevant best ticket price.

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 Literature
1. Several studies have explored how consumers adopt technology (Wilkie 1994;
Barczak, Ellen & Pilling 1997; Swanson, Kopecky & Tucker 1997; Wiefels 1997;
Aggarwal, Chaj & Wilemon 1998; Dover 1988; Williams & Tao 1998; Otto & Chung
2000; Christou & Kassianidis 2002; Huang & Law 2003). These studies can be
classified into four categories based on their overall perspectives. The first category
includes studies that address the stages consumers go through from awareness of
the new technology‘s existence to adoption (Aggarwal et al. 1998; Williams & Tao
1998; Otto & Chung 2000). The second category involves studies that explore the
amount of time that elapses between the inception and the adoption of new
technology (Wilkie 1994; Wiefels 1997). The third category consists of theories that
focus on the impact of consumers‘ characteristics and stage in life cycle when
adopting technology (Swanson et al. 1997; Barczak et al. 1997.
Christou &
Kassianidis 2002). Finally there are theories that address the nature of the technology
being adopted (Wiefels 1997; Dover 1988; Frambach, Barkema & Wedel 1998; Huang &
Law 2003). All these theories emphasize consumers‘ behaviours leading to the adoption
of new technology. A consumer purchase decision for a travel service involves a complex
multistage process layered along a hierarchical set of activities (Jeng & Fesenmaier 2000).
Moreover, the purchase decision varies considerably as a result of inherent demographic
characteristics. Many studies have examined online shopper‘s profile in terms of
demographics and purchase patterns (Bhatnagar & Ghose 2004; Citrin, Sprott, Silverman
& Stem 2000). However, most studies are limited to low-priced and frequently purchased
tangible goods such as books, CDs or food products. Research suggests that users visit
websites mainly to fulfill goal-directed search or experiential browsing (Nadkarni & Gupta
2007).
2. Online shopping visits consist of buying, searching, browsing, and knowledge
building stages that vary in terms of the purchasing likelihood, and whether the
purchasing horizon is immediate or in the future (Moe 2003). Decision-making
researchers argue that information search involves both cognitive and physical
effort (Johnson, Bellman & Lohse 2003). For these researchers, extent of
information search, often measured by the number of product offers viewed, occurs
within, not just across, retailers and other providers of information (Diehl 2005;
Häubl & Trifts 2000; Payne, Bettman & Johnson 1988). There is considerable price
variation across time within a store (inter-temporal search) and across stores (intra-
store search) for any destination due to the high seasonality of many travel
destinations and popular use of promotional pricing strategies by travel firms. In
the context of online travel purchases (i.e., flights, hotels, car rentals), we
conceptualize comparison search behavior as a sequential search where at each
stage the consumer decides whether she has acquired enough information to make
a decision of whether to quit, purchase or to search further. We conceptualize the
process of sequential search for travel service offers/prices as a series of ―micro‖
decisions. At each stage of the search process (i.e., for each inspected alternative),
the consumer makes two related micro decisions: (1) whether the current product
is the most attractive one encountered thus far and (2) whether to terminate the
search and buy the best of the inspected alternatives or continue searching.

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 However, if the consumer is experientially browsing travel websites only to collect
information to formalize destination choices, termination of search does not imply
purchase readiness. At retail websites, the more the number of websites searched
or higher the comparison search dispersion, the closer the consumer is to stop
searching and purchase. For this study Bengaluru was chosen as destination since
it is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration.
It is well known as the hub of India's information technology sector.
3. IT firms in Bengaluru employ about 35% of India's pool of 1 million IT professionals
and account for the highest IT-related exports in the country. Bengaluru is called as
the Silicon Valley of India because of the large number of information technology
companies located in the city which contributed 33% of India's 144214 crore
(US$24 billion) IT exports in 2006–07. Bengaluru's IT industry is divided into three
main clusters — Software Technology Parks of India (STPI); International Tech Park,
Bengaluru (ITPB); and Electronics City. UB City, the headquarters of the United
Breweries Group, is a high-end commercial zone. Infosys and Wipro, India's third
and fourth largest software companies are headquartered in Bengaluru, as are
many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies. Bengaluru is also hub to many
high-tech companies Infosys, Wipro, Tata Consultancy Services, Accenture and
many others.

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 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Travel Agency
Management
Payment Customer
Management Management

Travel
Management
System

Cabs
Charges Management
Management
Booking
Management

Zero Level DFD

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 Travel Agency General Travel agency
Management Report

Customer General Customer

Management Report

Cabs Management General Cabs Report

Booking Management General Booking Report

Travel
Management
Charges Management Website General Charges Report

Payments
Management General Payment Report

First Level DFD

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 Manage Travel Agency Detail

Admin Login To Manage Customer Detail

System
Check
Roles of
Mange Cab Detail
Access
Forget
Password Check Manage Booking Detail
Credentials
Manage Manage Charges Detail
Modules
Send
Manage Payment Profiles
Email To
User

Manage System Manage Roles of User Manage User Permission Manage Hotel Booking
Admins Report

Second Level DFD

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 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY USED
1. Front-End
 HTML/CSS
 BOOTSTRAP
 JAVASCRIPT
2. Back-End
 Python(Libraries)
 Machine Learning Algorithm(Supervised Learning)
3. Database
1. SQL
2. PLSQL

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 Gantt chart

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 REFRENCES
1. Jeng, J & Fesenmaier, PR 2002, ‗Conceptualizing the travel decision-making
hierarchy: A review of recent developments‘, Tourism Analysis, vol. 7, no. 1,
pp. 15–32.
2. Johnson, EJ, Bellman, S & Lohse, GL 2003, ‗Cognitive lock-in and the power
law of practice‘, Journal of Marketing, vol. 67, no.2, pp. 62–75
3. Johnson, EJ, Moe, WW, Fader, PS, Bellman, S & Lohse, GL 2004, ‗On the
depth and dynamics
4. Kamarulzaman, Y 2007, ‗Adoption of travel e-shopping in the UK‘, International
Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 703–719.
5. Moe, WW 2003, ‗Buying, searching, or browsing: Differentiating between
online shoppers using in-store navigational clickstream‘, Journal of Consumer
Psychology, vol. 13, no. 1/2, pp. 29–39.
6. Nadkarni, S & Gupta, R 2007, ‗A task-based model of perceived website
complexity‘, MIS Quarterly, vol. 31, no.3, pp. 501-524.
7. Payne, JW, Bettman, JR & Johnson, EJ 1988, ‗Adaptive strategy selection in
decision making‘, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and
Cognition, vol. 14, no.3, pp. 534–552.
8. Rogers, M 1995, Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Free Press. Shimp, A &
Beardon, O 1982, ―Warranty and Other Extrinsic Cue Effects on Consumers‘
Risk Perception‘, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 38-46.

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