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    Biology: Biomentors Classes Online

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    It's Ketan
    The document discusses the glyoxylate cycle, which is a metabolic pathway that allows organisms like plants and bacteria to convert fatty acids into glucose. Key differences from the citric acid cycle include the use of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase to bypass the decarboxylation steps, resulting in no net production of carbon dioxide. This allows both carbons from each acetyl-CoA to be retained, ultimately producing two molecules of oxaloacetate where the citric acid cycle only produces one. This extra oxaloacetate can then be used to synthesize glucose through gluconeogenesis, enabling plants and bacteria but not animals to derive energy from fat.

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    Biology: Biomentors Classes Online

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    It's Ketan
    79 views1 page
    The document discusses the glyoxylate cycle, which is a metabolic pathway that allows organisms like plants and bacteria to convert fatty acids into glucose. Key differences from the citric acid cycle include the use of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase to bypass the decarboxylation steps, resulting in no net production of carbon dioxide. This allows both carbons from each acetyl-CoA to be retained, ultimately producing two molecules of oxaloacetate where the citric acid cycle only produces one. This extra oxaloacetate can then be used to synthesize glucose through gluconeogenesis, enabling plants and bacteria but not animals to derive energy from fat.

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    Biology Pes 23

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    The document discusses the glyoxylate cycle, which is a metabolic pathway that allows organisms like plants and bacteria to convert fatty acids into glucose. Key differences from the citric acid cycle include the use of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase to bypass the decarboxylation steps, resulting in no net production of carbon dioxide. This allows both carbons from each acetyl-CoA to be retained, ultimately producing two molecules of oxaloacetate where the citric acid cycle only produces one. This extra oxaloacetate can then be used to synthesize glucose through gluconeogenesis, enabling plants and bacteria but not animals to derive energy from fat.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    79 views1 page

    Biology: Biomentors Classes Online

    Uploaded by

    It's Ketan
    The document discusses the glyoxylate cycle, which is a metabolic pathway that allows organisms like plants and bacteria to convert fatty acids into glucose. Key differences from the citric acid cycle include the use of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase to bypass the decarboxylation steps, resulting in no net production of carbon dioxide. This allows both carbons from each acetyl-CoA to be retained, ultimately producing two molecules of oxaloacetate where the citric acid cycle only produces one. This extra oxaloacetate can then be used to synthesize glucose through gluconeogenesis, enabling plants and bacteria but not animals to derive energy from fat.

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    BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE

    BIOLOGY
    PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT SHEET - 23
    Cell the unit of life
    GLYOXYSOME & GLYOXYLATE CYCLE
    • A pathway related to the Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) is the glyoxylate pathway
    • This pathway, which overlaps all of the non-decarboxylation reactions of the CAC does not operate
    in animals, because they lack two enzymes necessary for the pathway – isocitrate lyase and malate
    synthase.
    • Isocitrate lyase catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate into succinate and glyoxylate.
    • Because of this, all six carbons of the CAC survive and do not end up as carbon dioxide.

    • Succinate continues through the remaining reactions of the CAC to produce oxaloacetate.
    • Glyoxylate combines with another acetyl-CoA (one acetyl-CoA was used to start the cycle) to create
    malate (catalyzed by malate synthase). Malate can, in turn, be oxidized to oxaloacetate.
    • It is at this point that the pathway’s contrast with the CAC is apparent.
    • After one turn of the CAC, a single oxaloacetate is produced and it balances the single one used
    in the first reaction of the cycle. Thus, in the CAC, no net production of oxaloacetate is realized.
    • By contrast, at the end of a turn of the glyoxylate cycle, two oxaloacetates are produced, starting
    with one. The extra oxaloacetate can then be used to make other molecules, including glucose in
    gluconeogenesis.
    • Because animals do not run the glyoxylate cycle, they cannot produce glucose from acetyl-CoA in
    net amounts, but plants and bacteria can.
    • As a result, these organisms can turn acetyl-CoA from fat into glucose, while animals can’t.

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