EFFECT OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) EXTRACT ON LENGTH

AND FIBROBLAST DENSITY OF INCISION WOUND OF MALE

WHITE RAT (Rattus norvegicus)

Sayyidah Vina Syauqia*, Tiar M. Pratamawati **, A. Fariz Malvi Zamzam Zein**

* Student of Faculty of Medicine University of Swadaya Gunung Jati

* Lecturer of Faculty of Medicine University of Swadaya Gunung Jati

ABSTRACT

Background: The incidence of wound in Indonesia has increased from 7.5 percent in 2007 to
8.2 percent in 2013 according to Riskesdas. Wound care that widely used is povidone iodine,
but in its use, povidone iodine has side effects which is toxic to healthy cells around the
wound. The albumin in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is potential to accelerate the wound
healing process. Tilapia also contains with amino acids and fatty acids which are important
for cell proliferation.

Objective:To identificate the effectiveness of skin and meat extract tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) on fibroblasts density on incision wound of male white rat (Rattus norvegicus).

Methods: This post-test only control group design experimental study used 35 male white rat
which were randomly divided into five groups, i.e. negative control group K(-), and treatment
group P1, P2, P3 and P4 that were each given skin and meat extract tilapia with dose of 12,5
mg/gBW, 25 mg/gBW, 37,5 mg/gBW dan 50 mg/gBW. On each day, the length of the incision
was measured by a ruler. After 7 days, the rats were terminated to obtain wound tissue which
were used to prepare H&E stained histopathological sections to observe fibroblast density.
Non-parametric analyses using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney test were used to
compare the wound length and fibroblasts density.

Background

Wound is the damage of normal anatomical structures and functions due to pathological
processes that originate from internal and external of the body.[1] The incidence of injuries
in Indonesia has increased from 7.5 percent in 2007 to 8.2 percent in 2013 according to
Riskesdas.[1] The process of wound healing is divided into 4 phases, i.e. inflammation,
hemostasis, proliferation or granulation, and remodeling phase.[2] The target of biological
process of the body in compensating wound is the components that act in wound healing
phases. Fibroblast is one of the components of healing in fibroplasia process. Fibroplasia is
a process of wound repair that involves connective tissue that has four components:
formation of new blood vessels, migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, deposition of
extracellular matrix (ECM), and maturation and organization of fibrous tissues (remodeling).
[2]
Wound care that widely used is povidone iodine, but in its use, povidone iodine has side
effects which is toxic to healthy cells around the wound.[3]

The extraordinary natural resources of Indonesia are potensially used as alternative

treatments for wound healing. One of them is tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).[4] The
albumin in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is potential to accelerate the wound healing
process. Tilapia also contains with amino acids and fatty acids which are important for cell
proliferation.[5]

Materials and Methods

This was an experimental study with post-test only control group design using male white rat
(Rattus norvegicus) as research subjects. Ethical clearance approval No.58/EC/FK/XI/2018
was obtained from Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya
Gunung Jati. The study was conducted in the Food and Nutrition PAU Laboratory
Universitas Gajah Mada and Pathology Anatomy Laboratory of Universitas Swadaya
Gunung Jati Cirebon Indonesia. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were obtained from fish
farm in Cirebon City, West Java, Indonesia, confirmed by a taxonomist of Universitas Gajah
Mada, Central Java, Indonesia. The scales and the stomach contents are removed from
Tilapia, then the skin and the meat cut into small sizes with cross-cuts by removing the bone.
Tilapia extract is processed by steaming with a ratio of aquades and Tilapia is 1:1. Aquades
is put first into steamed pan then covered with a filter, and Tilapia is placed on the filter,
steamed at 70° C over medium heat for 50 minutes to obtain a yellow liquid. The liquid is
then rotated for 5 hours to separate aquades and extract so that made a concentrated liquid
in the form of light yellow liquid and then filtered to clean it from dirt, then stored in a
container.[5] Thirty-five male white rat (Rattus norvegicus) of 200-250 grams of weight and
2-2,5 months old were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e 1 negative control group and 4
treatment groups. At first, all the rat were wounded by 2 cms length incision at the back of
the rat which previously administered with 1 cc of ketamin anesthesia intraperitoneally.
Negative control group K(-) which was without any treatment. Meanwhile the 4 treatment
groups consist of group P1 which was administered by dose of 12,5mg/gBW skin and meat
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) extract orally, group P2 with 25mg/gBW of the extract,
group P3 with 37,5mg/gBW of the extract and group P4 with 50mg/gBW of the extract. The
treatment was done for 10 days (once a day), and on each day, the length of incision wound
was measured by a ruler and the healing process was analyzed visually. At the 10th day, all
rats were terminated by cervical dislocation. The wound area was excised and fixated by
formalin 10%. Hematoxilin and Eosin (H&E) stained sections were prepared for all rats
groups according to the laboratory protocols. Histologic analysis was performed by using
binocular light microscope Olympus CX23 with ocular lens 100x and 400x. Fibroblasts were
counted in 5 viewing fields for each section slide of each group.

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