TITLE PAGE i

ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi
PROJECT APPROVAL vii
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Research objectives
1.4 Assumptions and hypothesis
1.5 Significance of study
1.6 Scope and limitation of study
1.7 Structure of thesis
1.8 Summary

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Principles if biogas technology
2.2 Anaerobic digestion
2.2.1 Hydrolysis
2.2.2 Acidogenesis
2.2.3 Acetogenesis
2.2.4 Methanogenesis
2.3 Factors affecting anaerobic digestion
2.3.1 Temperature
2.3.2 pH and buffering capacity
2.3.3 Nutrients and water content
2.3.4 Hydraulic retention time (HRT)
2.3.5 Organic loading rate (OLR)
2.3.6 Particle size
2.3.7 Mixing
2.4 Biogas production
2.4.1 Biogas production in batch mode
2.4.1 Biogas production in continuous mode
2.5 Treatment of food waste under anaerobic digestion
2.6 Methods to improve biogas production
2.7 Summary

CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1 Oscillatory flow bioreactor system
3.2 Raw materials
3.2.1 Food waste
3.2.2 Inoculum
3.3 Experimental procedure
3.3.1 Preparation od digestion slurry
 3.3.2 Anaerobic digestion of food waste
3.3.3 Control experiment
3.4 Process monitoring
3.4.1 Calculation of parameters
3.5 Analytical methods
3.5.1 Determination of total and volatile solids
3.5.2 Determination of chemical oxygen demand
3.5.3 Determination of ammonia nitrogen
3.5.4 Determination of biogas production rate and composition
3.6 Summary

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Source and characteristics of FW and inoculum
4.1.1 Segregation and composition of FW
4.1.2 Characteristics of FW
4.2 Batch anaerobic digestion of FW
4.2.1 Effect of different protein loading on FW digestion and the
biogas production
4.3 Biogas and methane production potential from FW
4.3.1 Cumulative biogas production
4.3.2 Methane potential
4.4 Summary

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendations

REFERENCES
APPENDICES

1 Operational Condition and Performance for Different Bioreactor

Design for Treatment of Food Waste
2 Operational Condition and Performance for Different Bioreactor
Design for Treatment of Food Waste
3 Characteristics of feedstock
4 Characteristics of cattle manure as inoculum
5 Summary of the values of parameters obtained during the batch
AD

1 Anaerobic degradation of organic, biodegradable material

2 Schematic of an Oscillatory Flow Bioreactor System Used for
the Treatment of Food Waste.
3 Typical composition of waste collected from various food
restaurants
4 The composition of each mixture of food waste
5 Daily biogas production for batch digestion of FW
6 The AD treatment of moderate protein sample for day 1, 5 and 9
(left to right)
7 The AD treatment of high protein sample for day 1, 5 and 9 (left
to right)
8 The AD treatment of low protein sample for day 1, 5 and 9 (left
to right)
9 pH changes during batch digestion of FW
10 TS removal graph for FW digestion
11 VS removal graph FW digestion
12 NH3-N concentration graph for FW digestion
13 The color change in blank (left) and low protein sample (right)
after distillation
14 Graph of COD concentration for FW digestion
15 The cumulative biogas production

A1 CHNS analysis report for high protein sample

A2 CHNS analysis report for moderate protein sample
A3 CHNS analysis report for low protein sample

B1 The GC results for high protein sample (Day 1)

B2 The GC results for high protein sample (Day 5)
B3 The GC results for high protein sample (Day 9)
B4 The GC results for moderate protein sample (Day 1)
B5 The GC results for moderate protein sample (Day 5)
B6 The GC results for low protein sample (Day 1)
B7 The GC results for low protein sample (Day 5)
B8 The GC results for low protein sample (Day 9)
B9 The GC results for zero protein sample (Day 1)
B10 The GC results for zero protein sample (Day 5)