Sample Question Paper 13

Social Science
Class 10th
1. Count Camillo de Cavour was the Chief Minister of Italy, during its unification, so he was
remembered in history.
Or
Early Vietnamese nationalist had a close relationship with Japan and China. (1)
2. The washing down of the soil cover is described as soil erosion. (1)
3. The division of power between higher and lower level of government is known as vertical division of
power. (1)
4. High level of education is one indicator of Human Development Index. (1)
5. The sowing period of kharif crops is the onset of the monsoon in the months of June and July. (1)
6. Decentralisation of power is the basic idea behind the power sharing of Indian federalism. (1)
7. Tertiary sector does not produce any good. It provides services. (1)
8. Way to create more employment opportunities in urban areas are :
(i) Strengthening the information technology sector This involves opening of more call centres,
cyber cafes and software development units.
(ii) Strengthening the tourism sector By opening more hotels, restaurants, amusement parks and
similar other tourism destinations, demand for employment in this sector will increase.
(iii) Improving organised retailing Giving better facilities and allowing more foreign investment will
give many employment opportunities in urban areas. (1 ´ 3 = 3)
9. The differences between National and Regional Party are :
National Party Regional Party
It influences the whole country. It’s influence is limited and region-based.
It takes national as well as international issues. It is interested in promoting regional/state interest
only.
It has to secure at least 6% of the total votes in the It has to secure at least 6% of the total votes in an
Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in 4 election to the Legislative Assembly of a state and
states and win at least 4 seats in the Lok Sabha. win at least 2 seats in the State Assembly.

(1 ´ 3 = 3)
10. Since historic times foreign trade been the main channel connecting countries. e.g. silk route connects
India and South Asia to markets both in the East and West.
Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic market. They
can sell their produce not only in domestic market but can also compete in market of other countries.
 For the buyers, import of goods produced in another country provided opportunity to extend their
choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced.
Foreign trade thus, results in connecting the markets in different countries. (3)
11. In 1919, the Rowlatt Act was passed hurriedly through the Imperial Legislative Council, despite the
united opposition of the Indian members. This Act gave the British Government enormous powers to
repress political activities.
Effect and Rowlatt Act on Indian Nationlism
According to this law, political prisoners could be detained in prison without trial for two years.
Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust law. Rallies
were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down.
British administration decided to suppress the nationalists. Local leaders were picked up from
Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was not allowed to enter Delhi. (3)
12. Due to following reasons, the construction of large dams has become a controversial issue :
(i) Local communities have been displaced from their original settlement areas, with consequent loss
of livelihood and income.
(ii) These projects create social gap as rich landlords and big farmers take more benefits than poor
farmers.
(iii) Rise of sedimentation of the reservoirs leads to land degradation while flooding the nearby areas
around the dam. (1 ´ 3 = 3)
13. In the following ways naturally occurring gas (Natural gas) is different from biogas :
Natural Gas Biogas
It is a mixture of hydro-carbons and occur It is formed by the decomposition of animal, plant and farm
frequently with petroleum. wastes.
It occurs naturally. It undergoes a process of formation under
controlled man-made conditions.
It is mainly used in urban areas. It is mainly found in rural areas.

14. The three features of the caste system in India are :

(i) It was a hierarchical occupational division of the society.
(ii) The members of the same caste group formed a social community that followed similar
occupation, married within the caste and did not mingle with other castes.
(iii) The people belonging to higher castes started treating others as belonging to lower castes and
then started the practice of untouchability. (1 ´ 3 = 3)
15. Negative impact of waste from the nuclear plants is stated in the points below :
(i) Waste from nuclear plants have radioactive properties and may cause cancers, birth defects and
miscarriages.
(ii) Nuclear wastes are generally dumped in deep sea-water. In case of their unfortunate leakage,
there will be severe threat to aquatic life. (3)
16. The indentured labourers lived in harsh working conditions and had few legal rights.
On arrival at the plantations, labourers found conditions to be different from what they had imagined.
They had to work like bonded labour. If anyone wanted to run away, he was caught and severely
punished.
Thus, 19th century indentured labour has been described as the ‘new system of slavery’. (3)
Or
A series of inventions in the 18th century increased the efficacy of each step of the production
process. They enhanced the output per worker, enabling each worker to produce more and they now
could make stronger threads and yarn. Richard Arkwright laid the foundation of the factory system by
creating the cotton mill. The Spinning Jenny and other devices were invented to speed up textile
production. Within the mill, all the processes were brought together under one roof and management.
 This allowed more careful supervision over the production process, proper check over quality and
regulation of labour. Before the factory system, the production was spread all over the countryside and
carried out within village households. (3)
Or
Chawls were multi-storeyed structures, which had been built from the 1860s in the ‘native’ part of
Bombay. These were owned by private landlords. Each chawl was divided into small one-room
tenements which had no private toilets.
These one-room houses were generally congested, as high rents forced workers to share homes with
their friends, relatives or caste fellows. These chawls were constructed in close proximity in filthy
surroundings and people were plagued by polluted air and lack of water.
The homes being small, streets and neighbourhoods were used for a variety of activities such as
cooking, washing and sleeping. Liquor shops and akharas came up in any empty spot. Chawls were
the place for exchange of news about jobs, strikes, riots or demonstrations. (3)
17. There are many origins of social differences. Three of them are :
(i) A person does not choose his community where he would be born. He just happens to be born in a
particular community. People are tall or short, dark or fair, male or female, more by accident and
not by their own choice. This leads origin of social difference.
(ii) Sometimes people choose to follow or not to follow a particular religion. They can choose their field
of study and the career path, games and cultural activities. This also be leads origin of social
differences.
(iii) Social differences are also created by economic inequalities existing in the society. e.g. rich and
poor persons from the same family often do not keep close relation with each other for they feel
they are very different. This can also lead to origin of social difference. (3)
18. Marco Polo was a great explorer of Italy who stayed for many years in China. He greatly contributed to
the print culture. He returned back to Italy in 1295. The earliest kind of woodblock printing technology
was developed in China. Marco Polo brought this knowledge back with him in Italy.
Then Italians began producing books with woodblocks and soon this technology spread to other parts
of Europe. (3)
Or
Novels in Europe originated at a time when European countries were colonising different parts of the
world. This colonial attitude also gets reflected in the works of the authors.
Example The hero of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is an adventurer and slave trader.
He treats colonial people not as human beings equal to him, but as inferior creatures. He rescues a
native and makes him his slave. He does not even ask his name but arrogantly calls him Friday, as if
he is a lifeless creature.
Like all other colonial rulers, Crusoe sees colonialism as a natural phenomena. He regards all native
people as primitive barbaric and less than humans. He is of the opinion that colonialism is necessary
to civilise the natives and make them fully human. (3)
19. The Khilafat Movement was launched by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924), was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched by
Muslims in British India to influence the British Government and to protect the Ottoman empire during
the aftermath of First World War. The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey.
There was a fear that the power of the spiritual head of the Islamic world (Khalifa) would be curtailed.
To defend his power, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in 1919. The Khilafat leaders put
pressure upon the British Government to give better treatment to Turkey.
Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national
movement. At the Calcutta Session of the Congress in September 1920, he convinced other leaders
to start a Non-Cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat Movement. (5)
20. In French Revolution, print culture played an important role. Its impact is stated in the points below :
(i) Print materials like newspapers and books popularised the ideas of the enlightned thinkers. They
gave a critical commentary on tradition, superstition and despotism in contemporary society.
They suggested that everything should be judged through application of reason and rationality.
They criticised the sacred authority of church and the power of the state. They questioned about
the legitimacy of a social order based on tradition.
(ii) The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau were read widely. Those who read them developed an
attitude of questioning, criticism and judging on the basis of rationality.
(iii) Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate. All values, norms and institutions were
re-evaluated and public recognised the need to question existing ideas and beliefs.
(iv) By the 1780s, there was an outpouring of literature, cartoons and caricatures which circulated
everywhere and led to the growth of hostile sentiments against the monarchy. In this way,
print helped people to think differently. (5)
Or
Charlotte Bronte was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of three Bronte sisters, who wrote the
famous novel Jane Eyre under the pen-name Currer Bell. Charlotte believed that art was most
convincing when it is based on personal experiences.
The style of Jane Eyre was innovative, as it was written from an intensely first person female
perspective. It tells the story of a plain governess (Jane), who after early life difficulties, falls in love with
her employer, Mr Rochester.
They eventually marry, but only after Mr Rochester’s mad first wife (of whom Jane had no knowledge
initially) dies in a dramatic house fire. This novel was largely accepted by the readers.
After this, Charlotte wrote Shirley and Villette. Shirley is written in third person and lacks the emotional
immediacy of Jane Eyre. Villette was acknowledged by the critics as potent and a sophisticated piece
of writing. She also wrote The Professor and Emma, which were published posthumously. She is
regarded as one of the finest writers of English literature. (5)
21. Democracy means rule by the representatives elected by the people. The government is formed by the
people, for the people and of the people. Through their elected representatives, every citizen takes
part in the decision making process. All the policies, of the government are debated in the Parliament
before taking final decisions. This takes a lot of time and leads to delays in the decision-making.
Although democratic government are expected to be attentive to the needs of the people and less
corrupt, but in actual practice, it does not happen. Democracies often frustrate the needs of the
people and often ignore the demand of a major portion of the population then work on party lines.
Democracy is also not free of corruption as most of the politician are indulged in money making. Thus,
democracy is seen to be good in principle but felt not good in practice. (5)
22. Following are the ways through which democracy can be improved in practical form :
(i) By Legal-Constitutional Change
In most of the cases, this change brings about positive changes but sometimes, their result may be
counter-productive. So, extra care should be taken while implementing these changes. The best
laws are those which empower people to carry out democratic reforms. The laws that give political
actors incentives to do good things, have more chances of working. The Right to Information Act is a
good example that brought political reform. (2)
(ii) Through Political Parties
Democratic reforms are to be brought about principally through political parties. The most
important concern should be to increase and improve the quality of political participation by
ordinary men. (1)
(iii) Through Decentralisation of Power
Democratic set-up is successful when even the people at the lowest range have a say in the
system. The Panchayati Raj has strengthened our democracy a lot. When people play an active
role in their self-administration, this increases their faith in democracy. (2)
23. It is true that consumer awareness in India faced so many obstacles and had not been an easy growth.
This can be justified from the points below :
(i) The consumer redressal process is becoming cumbersome, expensive and time consuming.
(ii) Many a time, consumers are required to engage lawyers. These cases require time for filing and
attending the court proceedings, etc.
(iii) Evidence is not easy to gather as most of purchases are done without cash memo.
(iv) Most purchases in the market are small retail sales. The enforcement of laws that protect
consumers especially in the unorganised sectors is weak.
(v) The existing laws are also not very clear on the issue of compensation to consumer injured by
defective products. (1 ´ 5 = 5)
24. Following are the features of an organised sector :
(i) Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are
regular and therefore people have assured work.
(ii) They are registered by the government.
(iii) They have to follow rules and regulations set-up by the government under various laws such as the
Factory Act, Minimum Wages Act, Shops and Establishment Act etc.
(iv) It is called organised because it has some formal processes and procedures.
(v) Some of these people may not be employed by anyone but may work on their own but they too
have to register themselves with the government. (1 ´ 5 = 5)
25. Two inland waterways of India are :
(i) The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri.
(ii) The West–Coast canal in Kerala.
Characteristics of Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri are as follows :
(i) The waterway is 891 km long on river Brahmaputra.
(ii) Long cruise tourist vessels make voyages between Sivsagar near Dibrugarh and Manas Wildlife
Sanctuary near Jogighopa continuously. Thus, making it a commercially beneficial.
(iii) Border security force deployed on this inland is proving to be important base for defense of the
country. (2)
Characteristics of West–Coast canal in India are as follows :
(i) The waterway is 205 km long on the canals of Kerala.
(ii) It provides 24 hours navigation facility in the entire stretch.
(iii) The backwaters of Kerala prove to be cheap means of transport attracting tourists. (2)
26. The answer map is given below.

(ii) Lahore

BIHAR
BANGLADESH

Madhya Pradesh
Bisrampur

Warda (i) Kolkata

Andam
BAY
OF

an and Nicobar Is
BENGAL
Laksha
dw e e

land
s (I n
p (I
nd

d ia
ia)

)
(1 + 1 = 2)
27. (i) Punjab
(ii) West-Bengal
(iii) Rajasthan

(i) Punjab

(iii) Rajasthan

(ii) e
Wst Bengal

(1 ´ 3 = 3)