National Defense University

Fourth Semester
Madam Saba Noor
BASIT kabeer (S-18-18)
Terrorism

Peace and conflict studies

AL QAREDA
Origins and Foundation: Al-Qaeda, Arabic al-Qāʿidah (“the Base”),
broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the
late 1980s. Al-Qaeda began as a logistical network to support Muslims fighting
against the Soviet Union during the Afghan War; members were recruited
throughout the Islamic world. When the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in
 1989, the organization dispersed but continued to oppose what its leaders
considered corrupt Islamic regimes and foreign (i.e., U.S.) presence in Islamic
lands. Based in Sudan for a period in the early 1990s, the group eventually
reestablished its headquarters in Afghanistan (c. 1996) under the patronage of
the Taliban militia.

Tactics Al-Qaeda, via its groups in Central Asia and Caucasus, which are
fighting within Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, has developed and actively used new tactics
of recruitment and distribution of the radical ideology of jihadism. Since March
2018, two terrorist groups from Central Asia, Katibat Imamal Bukhari and Katibat
al Tawhidwal Jihad have started to actively distribute photocopies of leaflets via
social media supporting the jihadist line of al-Qaeda.

Operational Region : The tribal areas of the Afghanistan-Pakistan

border region remain the front line in the war against Islamist militants. ...
 Arabian Peninsula. ...
 Iraq.
 Syria.
 East Africa.
 North and West Africa.
 Europe.
 Asia-Pacific.

Trends Exiled by the Saudi regime, and later stripped of his citizenship in 1994,
bin Laden left Afghanistan and set up operations in Sudan, with the United States
in his sights as enemy No. 1. Al Qaeda took credit for the attack on two Black
Hawk helicopters during the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia in 1993, as well as
the World Trade Center Bombing in New York in 1993, and a car bombing in 1995
that destroyed a U.S.-leased military building in Saudi Arabia. In 1998 the group
claimed responsibility for attacks on U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and, in
2000, for the suicide bombings against the U.S.S. Cole in Yemen, in which 17
American sailors were killed, and 39 injured.