Electrical Safety

Level : Awareness
Intended Participants
Intended participants for this module includes:
• Engineers of all disciplines

• Technicians of all disciplines

• Contract supervisors & workers

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Training Objectives
• From this course, you will learn :
 Static electricity & current electricity
 Basics of electricity
 Effects of electricity
 Common causes of accidents
 Prevention Methods
 Grounding

NB: Successful completion of this course requires minimum 80% score in the
validation at the end of the training session.

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Training Module
The HSE L&D Academy is the custodian of this Training module and is responsible
for the Administration and Authorization of this Training module. CHSEE is
responsible for confirming the accuracy and integrity of content and proposed
changes to the Training module. Controlled copy of the current version of this
Training module is held at CHSEE. Any printed / electronic copy of this
Training module is uncontrolled. It is recommended that users verify that the version
being used by them is the current version by referring to the controlled version

Any suggestions/feedback related to this module should be done by

sending a mail to HSE.Academy@zmail.ril.com quoting module title
as subject. This will enable the continual improvement/enrichment of this
module - Points to note.
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Contents

1. Static Electricity & current electricity………….6

2. Basics of electricity…………………………………...9
3. Effects of electricity…………………………………..18
4. Common causes of accidents……………………...37
5. Prevention Methods…………………………………..46
6. Grounding…………………………………………………55

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Static Electricity &
Current Electricity
TWO kinds of electric energy

Static Electricity

Current Electricity

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STATIC ELECTRICITY

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Basics of Electricity
 BASICS

Why is Tweety NOT getting

electrocuted???

1.His feather doesn’t conduct

electricity.
2. There is no current in the wire.
3. His whole body is the same potential
as the wire.
4. Sylvester is balancing Tweety’s
body potential.

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 BASICS
Electrical Safety
Electricity is a good servant but bad master.
 Electricity can cause severe damage to living human being
and to property or both
 Voltage is the force between two charged particles.
 Current is the flow of electron from higher potential to the
lower.
 Hence it is current that causes problem?.
 Lower the voltage less problems?

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BASICS

• A conductor is a material which contains movable

electric charges. In metallic conductors such as copper or
aluminum, the movable charged particles are electrons.

• An insulator is any material that exhibits high

resistance to electrical current, such as rubber, plastic, or
wood.

• A semiconductor is a substance, usually a solid

chemical element or compound, that can conduct
electricity under some conditions but not others, making it
a good medium for the control of electrical current.

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BASICS

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY

I = V/R V I R

GOOD CONDUCTORS : RESISTANCE VERY LOW

e.g. METALS

BAD CONDUCTORS : RESISTANCE VERY HIGH

e.g. DRY WOOD, RUBBER.

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BASICS

ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE AND

EXPERIENCE IS REQUIRED TO WORK
WITH ELECTRICITY.

WHY?

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BASICS

ONE CANNOT

HEAR,

SMELL OR

SEE IT.

BUT WHEN ONE TOUCHES IT,

THE DAMAGE IS ALREADY
DONE !

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 Entry Wound

Exit Wound

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 Arc or Flash Burns

Thermal Contact Burns

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Effects of Electricity
EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY:

• SHOCK HAZARD : LOSS OF HUMAN LIFE

• FIRE HAZARD : LOSS OF MATERIAL &

HUMAN LIFE

• EXPLOSION HAZARD :LOSS OF MATERIAL &

HUMAN LIFE

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 Electrical Shock

Both wires of an energized One wire of an energized

circuit. circuit and the ground.

A metallic part in contact with an

energized wire while the person is also in
contact with the ground.

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SHOCK HAZARD

• When electrical current through nerve system

increases due to electrocution, muscles react
very violently. This cause the feeling of shock.

• This violent reaction may cause permanent

damage to very critical organs of body like
heart, lungs, wind pipe, brain etc.

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SEVERITY OF SHOCK
THIS DEPENDS UPON
• Magnitude of current.
• Path of current.
• Duration of electrocution.
• Voltage of the current.
• Condition of body ( dry or wet; sickness).
• Position of hands & legs.
• Ambient condition-- Humidity & Temperature.

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 SEVERITY OF SHOCK

Human body resistance

Adult male
Dry Skin 10,000 to 60,000 ohms
Wet Skin 1000 ohms
Hand to foot 400 to 600 ohms
Ear to Ear 100 ohms

Human body resistance of adult female is half that of adult male.

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 SEVERITY OF SHOCK
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY

• High ==> More ==> Wet body ==> LOW

ambient perspiration RESISTANCE

• High ==> Body does not ==> LOW

humidity get dried up RESISTANCE

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 SEVERITY OF SHOCK
Current level
(in mA) Probable effect on human body

1 mA Perception level. Slight tingling sensation. Still dangerous under

certain conditions.
Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual can
5 mA let go. However, strong involuntary reactions to shocks in this range
may lead to injuries.

6-30 mA Painful shock, muscular control is lost. This is called the freezing
current or "let-go" range.

50-150 mA Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions.

Individual cannot let go. Death is possible.
Ventricular fibrillation (the rhythmic pumping action of the heart
1000-4300 mA
ceases.) Muscular contraction and nerve damage occur. Death is
most likely.
10,000 mA Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death

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 SHOCK HAZARD

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 HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY
FIRE HAZARD:

• SHORT CIRCUIT IN ELECTRICAL NET WORK WITH

INADEQUATE PROTECTION.
• SWITCHING ON ELECTRICAL POWER IN FAULTY
CONDITION.
• STATIC ELECTRICITY.
• LIGHTNING STROKE.
• LOOSE ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS.
• IMPROPER ASSEMBLY / REPAIR/ MAINTENANCE OF
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• IMPROPER SELECTION/DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT.
• OVERLOADING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.

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 FIRE HAZARD

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 FIRE HAZARD

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 EXPLOSION HAZARD

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 HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY
EXPLOSION HAZARD

• Electrical equipments used in hazardous area are

different from safe area equipments.
• Electrical equipments for classified area are specified
for zone, type of gas used (gas group), auto ignition
temp. of gas/vapor (Temp. Cl.).
• Examples of Electrical equipments used in hazardous
area are –
Flame proof (Ex-d),
Increased safety (Ex-e),
Non sparking (Ex-n), etc.

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FLAMEPROOF LIGHTING FIXTURES :

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FLAMEPROOF EQUIPMENTS :

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FLAMEPROOF MOTOR :

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 EXPLOSION HAZARD

Explosion Protection

• In order to avoid explosions and associated dangers, an operator

must incorporate effective explosion protection precautions into
his plant.

• The principle of integrated explosion requires that explosion

protection measures be taken in the following order:
1. Measures to prevent formation of a dangerous
explosive atmosphere.
2. Measures which prevent dangerous explosive
Atmospheres from igniting.
3. Measures which restrict the effects of an explosion
To a safe level.

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Common causes of accidents
 COMMON CAUSES FOR ACCIDENTS
Loose Contact
Phase to phase fault
Phase to earth fault
Lightening strokes
Static Electricity
Sudden breaking of live circuit

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Some Examples

Electrode lead in
poor condition
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Some Examples

Insulator sleeve
in poor
condition

Sleeve exposed

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Some Examples

Quality insulation ???!!!

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Some Examples

Overload of extensions

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Some Examples

Feeding the Fire –

Newspapers hiding
inside
DB Panel

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Some Examples

Exit Stairway – Final way out blocked

with restricted door and cable entry

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Some Examples

Electricity & Water are friends?

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Prevention Methods
Electrical Safety - Prevention Methods
Ensure proper earthing of the equipment
Only authorised person should work on electrical circuits
Avoid contact with live lines
Use low voltage (24 volts or 110 V/ 230 V with proper earthing and ELCB)
Use earth leakage circuit breakers in single phase supply (ELCB)
Ensure correct fuse link
Do not overload circuit
Never Experiment
Use insulated tools and Work with Electrical Work Permit(Lockout-Tagout).

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Ways to Safety - Portable tools
Check the condition of plug & socket
Do not use the tool, if casing is broken
Check the earthing connections at both ends
Cord should be sufficiently long, to reach the workplace without
tension .
No temporary joints
Never stand on damp surface while operating the portable tool.
Do check the tool at ground level before use.
Carry out preventive maintenance regularly.
Use multimeter for checking the healthiness of earthing, donot use lamp
with holder

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Ways to Safety - Domestic
DOMESTIC USE :

• Do not play with electricity.

• Maintain earthing healthy. Check it regularly.
• Use 3-pin plug with earthing connection at
both ends.
• Use fuse wire / MCB / switch/ELCB of proper
rating.
• Temporary repairs are dangerous.
• Give common knowledge of electricity to all
family members.

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Ways to Safety - Offices

• Switches at visible locations.

• Appliances ( like electric kettle, hot plate etc.)in the pantry.
• Switch off ACs/Fans/Computers and other portable
equipments when not in use.
• Reliable earthing for the power system.
• Fire protection / Smoke detection systems.

• CO2 /DCP fire extinguishers at strategic locations.

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 Electrical Lockout/Tagout (LOTO)
• The most important administrative control is
Lockout/Tagout
• If you see a lock on an electrical circuit, do not attempt to
operate the circuit.
• To gain access to a locked & tagged out circuit, contact the
person named on the tag.
• Do not remove the tag or restore the circuit without approval.
• Only qualified worker shall restore the circuit in accordance
with the LOTO procedure.

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Some Examples – Some common
electrical equipments

MCB

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Some Examples – Some common
electrical equipments

ELCB

Use only 30 mA sensivity rated ELCB

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Some Examples – Some common
electrical equipments

Industrial top

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Grounding
BASICS
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY – GROUNDING.

Phase -
Neutral
Phase -
Phase
N

Y
B Phase -
E Earth

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BASICS
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY – EARTHING.

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Grounding
Bad Good

Grounding

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 Grounding / Earthing
 There are two kinds of grounds
 Both are required:
System or Service Ground
 A wire called "the neutral conductor" is grounded at
the transformer, and again at the service entrance.
 This is primarily designed to protect machines, tools,
and insulation against damage.

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 Grounding / Earthing
Equipment Ground
This is intended to offer enhanced protection to the workers
themselves.
If a malfunction causes the metal frame of a tool to become
energized
The equipment ground provides another path for the current to
flow through the tool to the ground.
There is one disadvantage to grounding
A break in the grounding system may occur without the user's
knowledge.

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Thank you