I Ðû¦è[ª- ñªëÅ]î¦ô¢Ù 3 ÎÞœú£ªd 2005

Hari: Hi Hema, What's new?
(óÀª ›ï°÷ª, ÔÙæ¨ Nø™-ÿ§õª?)
Hema: Every thing OK. Thank you. How is
the world with you?
(ÍÙê¦ ò°Þ¥û¶ ÑÙC. ìªîµyö° Ñû¦oîËÂ?)
Hari: Good so far, Thanks.
(Ïí£pæ¨ ÷ô¢ÚÛª ò°Þ¥û¶ ÑÙC.)
Hema: I've (I have) been waiting here for the
bus for the past twenty minutes. It
hasn't turned up. By the way, Where
are you coming from?
(ñúà ÚÁú£Ù 20 ENª-ÿ§-õªÞ¥ Óë]ªô¢ª àŸ«ú£ªh-
û¦oìª. ÍC Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª ô¦ö¶ë]ª. ú£¸ô-Ú¥F,
ìªîµy-ÚÛ\è… ìªÙ# ÷ú£ªh-û¦o÷±?)
turn up = ô¦÷è[Ù, áô¢÷è[Ù
by the way- topic ÷«ô¢a-è¯-EÚ¨ î¦è¶ ÷«å
Hari: From college. I have been going
round the college for my certificates
has played (has + past participle) = Ïí£pæ¨
÷ô¢ÚÛª Îè¯è[ª.
has been playing (has been + ing) =
ÏÙÚ¥ Îè[ª-
꟪-û¦oè[ª.
Íö°¸Þ 2(a) She has been working here since
the opening of the office.
ÏÚÛ\è[verb- has been working = (has been +
ing) ÏÚÛ\è[ Îíƈúà vð§ô¢Ù-GÅÙ-#-ì-í£pæ¨ ìªÙ< ÏÚÛ\è[
í£Eà¶þ¼hÙC.
(Íí£pæ¨ ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢¸Ú Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ ÏÙÚ¥ ÚÛ«è¯).
Íë¶ 2 (b) Íô³ê¶ verb has + pp - ÏÙêŸ÷ô¢ÚÛª í£E-
à¶-ú‡ÙC ÍE. Prakash: I've (I have) been trying to talk to/
(ðƼûË à¶óŸª-è¯-EÚ¨= to call; ðƼûË BóŸªè[Ù= lift)
for ÚÛª, since ÚÛª ê¶è¯ ô¢÷ªé: ñø‹ î¦üŒxÙ-ë]ô¢« ÓÚÛ\-è…-·Újû¦ îµü‹x- discuss with him something. I
haven't (have not) found the time.
a)ÏEo ÞœÙå-õªÞ¥, ÏEo ôÁV-õªÞ¥, Ïû¶o-üŒ‰xÞ¥ ¸ô?
Íô³ê¶ for the past (so many) hours/ days/ (ñø‹= perhaps) Prasad: This work has been keeping him
years ÍÙæ°Ù. 5) ví£þ§ëÂ: íÆ£é¨ Íô¢-ÞœÙ-åÞ¥ Î í£E à¶ú£ªh-û¦oè[ª. busy since saturday. He hasn't
b) íÆ£ö°û¦ çµjÙ ìªÙ#, íÆ£ö°û¦ ôÁV ìªÙ#, íÆ£ö°û¦ ÏÙÚ¥ í£²Jh à¶óŸª-ö¶ë]ª. found the time even to see the doc-
tor.

Ïí£±pè[ª ÚÛ«è¯...!
for the past three days. They haven't ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù ìªÙ# Íô³ê¶ since ÍÙæ°Ù. ví£Ú¥ùÃ: ·ôÙvèÁ-V-õªÞ¥ ÍêŸ-è…êÁ × Nù£óŸªÙ
(since = ÞœêŸÙö˺ × ú£÷ªóŸªÙ ìªÙ#) ÷«æ°x-è¯f-EÚ¨ ví£óŸª-Ao-ú£ªh-û¦oìª. ÏÙêŸ-÷- Prakash: What's (What is) his problem?
(have not) made them ready yet. The
He has worked/ has been working here for ô¢ÚÛª çµjÙ ë•ô¢-ÚÛ-ö¶ë]ª. Prasad: For the past (one) week he has
clerk hasn't (has not) been attending
the past 2 years/ since 2003 (2005- ví£þ§ëÂ: Ð í£û¶ ÍêŸè…E øŒE-î¦ô¢Ù ìªÙ# G@Þ¥ been having a bad cold and
college since the college reopened
headache.
last week.
(÷´è[ª ôÁV-õªÞ¥ ú£Jd-íƇ-·Úåx ÚÁú£Ù ÚÛü‹-ø‹õ 6) Jayanth: Have you read (gone through)
àŸªå«d Aô¢ª-Þœª-꟪û¦o. î¦RxÙêŸ÷ô¢ÚÛª î¦æ¨E today's paper?
·ôè† à¶óŸª-ö¶ë]ª. Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ î¦ô¢Ù ÚÛü‹-ø‹õ êµJ- Jayakar: We haven't received/ got the
#-ì-í£pæ¨ ìªÙ# Î ÚÛxôÂ\ ô¦÷è[Ù ö¶ë]ª) paper yet/ so far. Of late we
Hema: I understand your trouble. have been getting the paper
late.
have been waiting, have
šíj ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ (of late = lately = Ð ÷ªëÅ]u)
been going, has been attending verbs
Íû¶ Jayanth: Haven't you
form- have been + ing/
Þœ÷ª-EÙ-à¦ô¢ª ÚÛë¯. Oæ¨ (have you not)
has been + ing. OªÚÛª êµL-ú‡Ùë¶ ÚÛë¯? 2=2003) ÑÙàŸª-êÁÙC. è¯ÚÛdôÂìª ÚÛõ-÷-è¯-EÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ complained to
I, We, You and They have been+ ing;
Íô³ê¶ for the past 50 years - since 1955 (2005- ÍêŸ-EÚ¨ çµjÙ ë•ô¢-ÚÛ-ö¶ë]ª. the agent?
He, She, It has been + ing
Íô³ê¶ î¦è[ê¦Ù. Ð (çµjÙ ë•ô¢-ÚÛÚÛð¼÷è[Ù = not find the time;
50=1955) Jayakar: I have been
form ö˺verb present perfect continuous
ìª ÚÛ«è¯= even)
Ð Ú¨ÙC ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£é Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…. complaining
tense ÍÙæ°Ù. Shyam: What have you been doing since ví£Ú¥ùÃ: ÔNªæ¨ ÍêŸè… ú£÷ªú£u? since sunday.
(Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ lesson verb form-
ö˺ ÷ªìÙ àŸ«ú‡ì this morning? ví£þ§ëÂ: ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ î¦ô¢ÙÞ¥ áõª-ñªÞ¥, êŸõ-ûË•-í‡pÞ¥ He hasn't
have + PP/has + PP - Present Perfect tense)
have been + ing/has been + ing êÁ ÷ªJ-Ú•Eo (ð»ë]ªlæ¨ìªÙ# ÔÙ à¶ú£ªh-û¦o÷±?– Ïí£±pè[ª ÚÛ«è¯) ÑÙC. cared. Since M. SURESAN
Ramu: I have been studying for exam sunday we've
sentences í£J-Q-LÙ-àŸÙè…. î¦æ¨-êÁ-ð§åª Ï#aì tomorrow. (have) been getting the paper at
have + PP, has + PP êÁ Ñìo î¦Ú¥u-õìª ú£J-ð¼- (¸ôí£æ¨ í£K¤Û ÚÁú£Ù àŸë]ª-÷±-꟪-û¦oìª – Ïí£±pè[ª ÚÛ«è¯) 7:30 AM. What's the news in the

õaÙè…. Shyam: How many chapters have you cov-
ered?
(Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª ÓEo à¦í£dô¢ªx í£²Jh-à¶-ø‹÷±?)
Ramu: I have finished nine chapters so far.
(ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª ê•NªtC à¦í£dô¢ªx í£²Jh-à¶-ø‹ìª)
Shyam: How long have you been using your
scooter?
(ìª÷±y ÓÙêŸ-Ú¥-õÙÞ¥ F ú£«\å-ôÂìª Ñí£-
óµ«-T-ú£ªh-û¦o÷±?)
Ramu: It has been serving me well for the
last two years. It hasn't given me any
trouble.
(·ôÙè¶-üŒ‰xÞ¥ ÍC û¦ÚÛª Ñí£-óµ«-Þœ-í£-è[ª-êÁÙC.
ÏÙêŸ÷ô¢ÚÛª ÔÙ våñªöËÀ Ï÷y-ö¶ë]ª.)
... Þœ÷ª-EÙ-à¦ô¢ª ÚÛë¯!
1) have + pp/ has + pp - Ú•ÙêŸÚ¥õÙ vÚ¨êŸÙ ìªÙ#
Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª áJ-Tì í£ìª-õÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù.
2) have been + ing/ has been + ing - Ú•ÙêŸ
Ú¥õÙ vÚ¨êŸÙ ìªÙ# ÏÙÚ¥ áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õÚÛª
î¦è[ê¦Ù.
3) þ§÷«-ìuÙÞ¥ so far, for the past, for the last,
Tendulkar has been playing cricket ...
since õìª have + pp/has + pp; have been
1. a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for + ing/ has been + ing- verb õêÁ î¦è[ª-
the past fifteen years. (since 1989/1990) ꟪Ùæ°Ù. Oæ¨êÁð§åª have + pp/has + pp êÁ
b) Tendulkar has played cricket for the already (Ïí£p-樸Ú), yet (ÏÙÚ¥... ö¶ë]ª) Íû¶
past fifteen years (since 1989/1990). ÷«åõª ÚÛ«è¯ ÷ú£ªhÙ-æ°ô³.
2. a) She has been working here since the Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥u-õìª English ö˺ practice à¶óŸªÙè….
opening of the office.
b) She has worked here since the opening
1) ÓÙêŸÚ¥õÙÞ¥ Oªô¢ª ÏÚÛ\è[ í£E à¶ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª?
2) Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª Oªô¢ª Ð ûµõö˺ ÓEo ú‡E-÷«õª
of the office.
1 (b), 2 (b)
àŸ«ø‹ô¢ª?
Íô¢nÙ OªÚÛª êµõªú£ª– 3) û¶ìª í£ë¶-üŒ‰xÞ¥ Ð ›íí£ô àŸë]ª-÷±-꟪-û¦oìª/ Ð
1(b) (for) / 1989-
çµÙè[«-õ\ôÂ ÞœêŸ í£C-›ï°-û¶-üŒ‰xÞ¥
90 (since)
›íí£ô ð§ôÈ¢-ÚÛª-è…Þ¥ Ñû¦oìª (reader î¦è[Ùè…).
ìªÙ# vÚ¨·ÚæËÀ Îè¯è[ª (Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª). 4) ô¢÷ªé: ÍøÉÁÚ ÷à¦aè¯?
Ð sentenceö˺ verb- has+ PP.
1(a)
ô¢N: ÏÙÚ¥ ô¦ö¶ë]ª. ÍêŸE ÚÁú£Ù Íô¢-ÞœÙ-åÞ¥
DEE êÁ ð¼õaÙè…. àŸ«ú£ªh-û¦oìª (wait î¦è[Ùè…).
1(a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for
the past fifteen years/ since 1989-90
ô¢÷ªé: ìª÷±y ÍêŸè…Ú¨ ðƼûË à¶ø‹î¦?
1(a) verb- has been + playing (has been +
ô¢N: ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ðƼûË à¶óŸª-è¯-EÚ¨ Íô¢-ÞœÙ-åÞ¥ ví£óŸª-
ö˺ Ao-ú£ªh-û¦oìª. î¦RxÙæ˺x Ó÷ô¢« ðƼûË BóŸª-
ing).
DE Íô¢nÙ çµÙè[«-õ\ôÂ ÞœêŸ í£C-›ï°-û¶-üŒ‰xÞ¥ ö¶ë]ª.
cricket
(1989–90 ìªÙ#) Îè[ª-꟪-û¦oè[ª (ÏÙÚ¥).
ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 27
6) áóŸªÙêÂ: Ð ôÁV ›íí£ô àŸC-î¦î¦?
áóŸª-ÚÛôÂ: ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª ÷«ÚÛª ›íí£ô ô¦ö¶ë]ª. Ð
÷ªëÅ]u ÷«ÚÛª ›íí£ô à¦ö° Îõ-ú£uÙÞ¥
÷þ¼hÙC (get î¦è[Ùè…).
áóŸªÙêÂ: ÔâµÙ-æËÀÚÛª complain à¶óŸª-ö¶ë¯?
áóŸª-ÚÛôÂ: ÎC-î¦ô¢Ù ìªÙ# complain à¶ú£ªhû¦o.
Ú¥F ÍêŸè[ª í£æ¨dÙ-àŸªÚÁ÷è[Ù ö¶ë]ª. Î
ôÁV ìªÙ# ÷«ÚÛª ›íí£ô Ôè[ª-ìo-ô¢ÚÛª
÷þ¼hÙC. ÔNªæ¨ ›íí£ôÁx Nø™ù£Ù?
(í£æ¨dÙ-àŸª-ÚÁ-ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù = not care).
áóŸªÙêÂ: Ú¥QtôÁx ÖÚÛ çµvô¢-Jú£ªd ë¯è… ÞœªJÙ#
›íí£ô Jð¼ôÂd à¶ú‡ÙC.
áóŸª-ÚÛôÂ: ÓÙêŸ-÷ªÙC àŸE-ð¼-óŸ«-¸ô-Nªæ¨?
áóŸªÙêÂ: ÓE-Nª-C-÷ªÙC. ví£òÅ¡ª-ê¦y-ú£ª-í£vAE çµvô¢-J-
ú£ªdõª êŸÞœ-õ-òµ-æ°dô¢ª.
(êŸÞœ-õ-òµ-ådè[Ù = set fire)
Answers:
1) How long have you been working here?
2) How many movies have you seen so far
this month?
3) I have been reading/ I have been a reader
of this paper for the past ten years.
4) Ramana: Has Ashok come?
Ravi: No. I've (have) been waiting for
him for the past half an hour.
Ramana: Have you phoned him?/ Have
you called him?
Ravi: I have been trying to phone him/
ring him up/ call him for the past
half an hour. No one in his place
has lifted the phone.
Ramana: Perhaps they have all gone
somewhere.
5) Prasad: Phani has been doing that work
for the past half an hour. He has-
n't (has not) yet completed it.
paper?
Jayanth: The paper has reported a terrorist
attack in Kashmir
Jayakar: How many have died?
Jayanth: Eight. The terrorists have set fire
the Government Hospital.
ví£øŒo: How do you do? ÍÙç¶ Íô¢nÙ ÔNªæ¨?
DEÚ¨ ú£÷«-ëůìÙ Óö° àµð§pL?
– þ§ëÅ]ªõ ví£òÅ°-ÚÛôÂ, ÚÛKÙ-ì-ÞœôÂ
áî¦ñª: How do you do? ÍÙç¶ ÚÛªøŒ-
õ÷«?/ò°Þœª-û¦oô¦?/Óö°-Ñ-û¦oô¢ª? Íô³ê¶ Ð
expressionìª ÷ªìÚÛª Ó÷-ô¢o-ô³û¦ îµ³åd-îµ³-ë]-æ¨-
þ§J í£J-àŸóŸªÙ à¶ú‡-ì-í£±pè[ª ÍÙæ°Ù. î¦üŒxìª ÷ªìÚÛª
í£J-àŸóŸªÙ à¶óŸª-Þ¥û¶ 'How do you do?' ÍE í£õ-
ÚÛ-Jþ§hÙ. ÍÙë]ªÚÛª Í÷-êŸL î¦üŒx ú£pÙë]ì ÚÛ«è¯ How
do you do?û¶. êŸô¦yA ìªÙ# How are you ÏêŸô¢
÷«åõª î¦è[ê¦Ù.
ví£øŒo: I have finished my work.
Have I finished my work.
I haven't finished my work.
DEÚ¨ interrogative- have In't finished
my work? ÏC ú£·ôj-ìë¯ Ú¥ë¯?
– Ó. ô¢íÆ£³-í£A, û¦óŸ³-è[ª-›íå
áî¦ñª:
'Haven't I finished my work? Íû¶C
‘û¶ìªû¦ í£E í£²Jh à¶óŸª-ö¶ë¯?’ (ÍÙ綖 û¶ìª í£E-
í£²Jh à¶ø‹ìª Þœë¯?) Íû¶ Íô¢nÙêÁ Íô³ê¶ ÚÛ·ô¸Úd.
Íö°¸Þ I haven't finished my work Íû¶C, Have
you finished your work? Íû¶ question ÚÛª
answerÞ¥ ÚÛ·ôÚÂd. šíj î¦uú£Ùö˺ present perfect
continuous tenseìª ÞœªJÙ# N÷-ô¢é ÑÙC.
àŸ«è[Ùè….