INTERNET AND

ADVANCED
OFFICE
PRODUCTIVITY

Casfer D. Zapata
A2-1EVE
History of Internet
The history of the Internet has its origin in the efforts of wide area networking that originated in
several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. The
U.S. Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the
development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence
Roberts. The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science
Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the
second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).

Packet switching networks such as the NPL network, ARPANET, Merit Network, CYCLADES,
and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of
communications protocols. Donald Davies first demonstrated packet switching in 1967 at the
National Physics Laboratory (NPL) in the UK, which became a tested for UK research for almost
two decades.[3][4] The ARPANET project led to the development of protocols for
internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of networks.

The Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was developed by Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf in the
1970s and became the standard networking protocol on the ARPANET, incorporating concepts
from the French CYCLADES project directed by Louis Pouzin. In the early 1980s the NSF
funded the establishment for national supercomputing center at several universities, and
provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project, which also created network access
to the supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations.
Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the very late 1980s. The
ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Limited private connections to parts of the Internet by
officially commercial entities emerged in several American cities by late 1989 and 1990, and the
NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet
to carry commercial traffic.
Version of Microsoft Excel
Excel 2.0 Excel 3.0 Excel 95, 97
1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-1999

Excel 2000, 2002 Excel 2003 Excel 2007

1993-2003 2003-2007 2007-2010

Excel 2010 Excel 2013, 2019 Excel 2019

2010-2013 2013-2019 2019-present
Microsoft Excel: Cells
In Microsoft Excel, a cell is a rectangular box that occurs at the intersection of a vertical column
and a horizontal row in a worksheet. Vertical columns are numbered with alphabetic values
such as A, B, C. Horizontal rows are numbered with numeric values such as 1, 2, 3.

Each cell has its own set of coordinates or position in the worksheet such as A1, A2, or M16. In
the example above, we are positioned on cell A1 which is the intersection of column A row 1.
A cell can only store 1 piece of data at a time. You can store data in a cell such as a formula,
text value, numeric value, or date value.

There are many things that you can do with cells in Excel such as changing the font format,
number format, background, alignment, and conditional formatting. Here is a list of topics that
explain how to use cells in Excel.

Microsoft Excel: Rows

In Microsoft Excel, a row runs horizontally in the grid layout of a worksheet. Horizontal rows are
numbered with numeric values such as 1, 2, 3 Vertical columns are numbered with alphabetic
values such A, B, C.

Each row in the worksheet has its own row number which is used as part of a cell reference
such as A1, A2, or M16. You can select an entire row by clicking on the row heading (ie: the
number running along the left side of the grid layout). In the example above, we have selected
row 3.

There are many things that you can do with rows in Excel such as inserting, deleting,
hiding, and resizing rows as well as conditional formatting. Here is a list of topics that
explain how to use rows in Excel.
Microsoft Excel: Columns
In Microsoft Excel, a column runs vertically in the grid layout of a worksheet. Vertical
columns are numbered with alphabetic values such as A, B, C. Horizontal rows are
numbered with numeric values such 1, 2, 3.

Each column in the worksheet has its own column number which is used as part of a
cell reference such as A1, A2, or M16. You can select an entire column by clicking on
the column heading ( the letters running along the top of the grid layout). In the example
above, we have selected column B.
There are many things that you can do with columns in Excel such as inserting,
deleting, hiding and resizing columns. Here is a list of topics that explain how to use
columns in Excel.
Version of Microsoft Excel
CP/M
1974

MS-DOS
August 12, 1981
Lotus 1-2-3
January 26, 1983