Basic principle of a RADAR System

The Simple Radar Range Equation

(Free-Space Radar Range Equation)
 The Simple Radar Range Equation
(Free-Space Radar Range Equation)
Simple Pulse Radar
Block-Diagram of a simple Pulsed Radar
Pulsed Radar with IF amplifier
Second-Time-Around-Echo
Maximum Unambiguous Range (Run)
 Block diagram of Simple CW Radar
(Continuous Wave Doppler Radar with Zero IF)
CW Radar with Non-Zero IF
Filter-Bank for Doppler Amplifier to improve SNR
Direction of target motion
 The Doppler Effect &
Doppler Frequency Equation
Range measurement of a stationary target in
‘Frequency Modulated – CW’ Radar

Linear Frequency Modulation Technique

FM-CW radar with Super-Heterodyne Receiver
(FM-CW Altimeter)
Principle of ‘Moving Target Indication’ (MTI) Radar
Pulsed Radar System that uses Doppler Shifts
(a) Echo pulse of pulse-width ‘τ’
(b) Mixer output when Doppler shift, fd > (1/τ)
(c) Mixer output when Doppler shift, fd < (1/τ)
MTI receiver with delay-line canceler
MTI Radar with Power-Amplifier Transmitter
MTI Radar with Power-Oscillator Transmitter
Non-Coherent MTI radar
Pulse-Doppler Radar
Coherent Transmitters
Non-Coherent Transmitters
Radar Modulator
Radar Pulse Modulator
 Radar Displays
• Cathode ray Tube (CRT) is mostly used as
radar display

Types of CRT-displays
1) Deflection-Modulated CRT
2) Intensity-Modulated CRT
Block Diagram of ‘Super-Heterodyne’ Radar Receiver
Single-Ended Mixer
Balanced Mixer
IF amplifier
 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

• Electrostatic deflection CRT

• Electromagnetic deflection CRT

 Types of Display Presentations
1) A-Scope
2) B-Scope
3) C-Scope
4) E-Scope
5) PPI-display (Plan-Position Indicator)
6) RHI-display (Range-Height Indicator)
A-Scope
B-Scope
C-Scope
PPI-display (Plan-Position Indicator)