Chapter 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researcher will use the descriptive correlational design to gather and assess data.

Descriptive research is defined as a research method that involves observing behavior to describe

attributes, objectively and systematically. According to John Best, 1998, descriptive research

describes and interprets what is. It is concerned with conditions of relationship that exists; practices

that prevail; beliefs, processes that are being felt, or trends that are developing.

Correlational research, on the other hand, is a method that describes and predicts how

variables are naturally related in the real world, without any attempt by the researcher to alter them

or assign causation between them.

The main objective of descriptive research is to create a snapshot of the current state of

affairs whereas correlational research helps in comparing two or more entities or variables.

This design will be used to describe the independent variables of this study that include the

demographic profile of the respondents; age, sex, grade level, highest educational attainment of

parents, parents’ monthly income, occupation of parents, number of siblings, and birth order.

These variables are being correlated to the academic performance of the learners.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study will be the 125 students of junior high schools of Lasam, for

the school year 2019-2020. Random sampling will be used in identifying 21 junior high school

students in 5 secondary schools of Lasam to serve as respondents.

 Junior High Schools of Lasam (both public and private) Number of
respondents
Cabatacan National High School 25

Callao National High School 25

Nabannagan National High School 25

Sicalao Integrated School 25

Western Cagayan School of Arts and Trades 25

Total 125

Research Instrument

In this study, this researcher will use the questionnaire to gather data from the students and

teachers. To supplement the questionnaire, informal interview will be conducted.

Questionnaire. According to Aquino, 1999, it is a list of planned, written questions related

to a particular topic, with space provided for indicating the response to each question, intended for

submission to a number of persons for reply.

The questionnaire may be self-administered, posted or presented in an interview format. A

questionnaire may include check lists, attitude scales, projective techniques, rating scales and a

variety of other research methods. As an important research instrument and a tool for data

collection, a questionnaire has its main function as measurement (Oppenheim 100). It is the main

data collection method in surveys and yield to quantitative data. Also, due to provision for open

endedness, the instrument may be used to generate qualitative and exploratory data (Dornyei 101)

Data Gathering Procedure

 This researcher will ask permission to conduct the study from the Schools Division

Superintendent of Cagayan through the School Head of this researcher.

After the approval, this researcher will request the school heads of each school to

personally float the questionnaire to ensure a 100% retrieval.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical tools be used in this study are the descriptive tools only. The data gathered

will be interpreted using the simple frequency count, weighted mean and simple percentage.

The weighted was developed using the Five-Point Likert Scale as follows:

Scale Range Verbal Description

5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree

3 2.60 – 3.39 Undecided

2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree