Grade requirements are set out in Schedule I of the Egg Regulations.

A summary of
grade requirements can be found in table format in Appendix I.

4.5.3.1 Canada A
Eggs must meet the requirements listed below, in order to be graded as Canada A.

Interior quality

 Yolk
o Outline is indistinct (not clearly visible) and membrane is not broken
o Round in shape
o Reasonably well centered (yolk is not stuck to the shell): the position of
the yolk is related to the quality of the thick albumen
 Albumen
o Reasonably firm to keep the yolk centered
 Air cell
o Maximum 5 mm depth
o Floating and tremulous air cells are permitted
 Internal defects are not permitted

Shell

 Cleanliness
o Dirt is not permitted. Note: Stickers or labels applied directly to eggs are
not considered Dirt. Stickers may be applied if they are stored and used
under sanitary conditions and if they do not interfere with the normal
operation of equipment in the egg station. Stickers may cover a maximum
area of 2.5 cm2
o No more than three stain spots, the aggregate area of which cannot
exceed 25 mm, are permitted. Note: ink jet printing (e.g. expiry dates,
brand names) applied directly to the shell of an egg is not considered as
stain. If albumen on the shell is causing a problem (e.g. eggs sticking to
the carton), it should be classified as a stain
 Shape and integrity
o Grade A eggs should be able to withstand normal handling. The shell
must be normal or nearly normal in shape. Misshapen eggs (e.g. long and
thin) may break during distribution and should be packed as a lower grade
o Ridges which do not affect the integrity of the shell are permitted.
o Normal eggs may have rough areas which do not necessarily indicate a
weak shell. However, very rough or porous shells or those with heavy
localized calcium deposits (greater than the size of a quarter) which
indicate a weakness, should be removed from Grade A
o Cracks are not permitted

Weight
  The size of eggs by weight for the grade Canada A is defined in Schedule III of
the Egg Regulations.
 Each egg must meet the minimum weight for the declared size
 Egg size is treated separately from quality, but the two factors must be
considered in the determination of the grade
 Size designation for Canada A eggs must appear on the label

4.5.3.2 Canada B
Eggs must meet the requirements listed below, in order to be graded as Canada B.

Interior quality

 Yolk
o Outline may be visible and membrane is not broken
o Floats freely within the egg when twirled (the yolk is not stuck to the shell)
and may be moderately oblong in shape
o Eggs showing more than very slight germ development (eggs showing
blood lines or a blood ring) are considered rejects
 Air Cell
o Maximum 9 mm depth
o Floating and tremulous air cells are permitted
 Internal defects are not permitted

Shell

 Cleanliness
o Dirt is not permitted. Note: Stickers or labels applied directly to eggs are
not considered Dirt. Stickers may be applied if they are stored and used
under sanitary conditions and if they do not interfere with the normal
operation of equipment in the grading station. Stickers may cover a
maximum area of 2.5 cm2
o Stain spots are permitted but the aggregate area of the stain must not
exceed 320 mm2. Note: ink jet printing (e.g. expiry dates, brand names)
applied directly to the shell of an egg is not considered a stain. If albumen
on the shell is causing a problem (e.g. eggs sticking to the carton), it
should be classified as a stain
 Shape and Integrity
o May be slightly abnormal in shape
o May have rough areas
o May have definite ridges
o Cracks are not permitted

Weight

 Must weigh at least 49 grams

  No size designation on the label

4.5.3.3 Canada C
Canada C is considered a processing grade and provides a safe outlet for the
disposition of cracked eggs. Canada C eggs must be shipped to a federally registered
processed egg station and pasteurized as a means of controlling the higher risk
of Salmonella or other microbial contamination that may be found in cracked eggs.
In addition to meeting the requirements listed below, eggs eligible for Canada A and
Canada B may also be packed in this grade.
Eggs which do not meet the requirements for Canada C are considered to be rejects.

Interior Quality

 Yolk
 Outline may be prominent and definitely oblong in shape
 Yolk membrane is not broken
 Yolk is not stuck to the shell
 Air Cell
 No restriction in the size of the air cell
 Floating and tremulous air cells are permitted
 Internal defects
 Blood and meat spots not exceeding 3 mm in diameter are permitted
 Other internal defects are not allowed

Shell

 Cleanliness
 Dirt is not permitted
 Maximum tolerance for stain (1/3 of the shell). If albumen on the shell is causing
a problem (e.g. eggs sticking to trays), it should be classified as a stain
 Shape and Integrity
 Cracked eggs may only be packed in this grade
 Leakers are not permitted

Weight

 There are no size or weight limitations in this grade

4.5.3.4 Canada Nest Run

Since Canada Nest Run eggs are generally sent for further processing, they are usually
not washed, candled or sized. However, Nest Run eggs must meet the minimum quality
requirements prescribed by the Egg Regulations. This grade, as with other Canada
grades, can only be applied to eggs in a federally registered egg station.
Nest Run Standard
No more than:

 10% cracks
 5% of the shells with dirt greater than 160 mm2
 3% leakers or rejects
 15% combined total of cracks, dirts and rejects

Occasionally, based on supply needs, Canada Nest Run eggs may move to a
registered egg station to be re-graded for the table market.

4.5.3.5 Rejects
Any egg having any of the following characteristics is considered a reject, including:

 eggs with the qualities specified in section 4.5.1

 eggs where the dye has penetrated the shell
 eggs with blood or meat spot in excess of 3 mm in diameter
 eggs showing more than very slight germ development (eggs showing blood
lines or a blood ring
 Canada Nest Run eggs with more than 160mm2 of dirt
 Canada A, B or C eggs with dirt on the shell
 leakers
 shell with a stain covering more than 1/3 of the surface of the egg
 eggs with any internal defects listed below:
o Black Rot - a condition where, on candling, a black interior is indicated and
generally a very rank odour is present
o Blood Spot - a clot or streak of blood in the white or on the yolk
o Blood Ring - an advanced stage of germ development indicated by the
appearance of a red ring on the yolk
o Bloody Egg - a condition where blood has diffused into the white
o Congealed Albumen - a condition where a portion of the albumen shows
evidence of having congealed
o Grass Yolk - an egg which shows a yolk with a green or olive colour
o Red Rot Or Mixed Rot - a condition resulting from rupture of the yolk-sac
to permit mixture of the yolk and white
o Sour Rot - a condition in which the egg may have a bubbly condition at the
air cell line and when broken gives off a sour odour
o Spot Rot - a mould spot inside the shell or along cracks in the shell
o Stuck Yolk - a condition where the yolk membrane adheres to the shell so
that it is not free when the egg is rotated
o White Rot - a condition where the yolk is covered with a light-coloured
crust, the white often watery, and generally gives off a putrid odour
 o Green albumen - a condition where the albumen turns green and
fluoresces under a black light

4.5.3.6 Provincial Cracks

As of April 1, 2013, in accordance with the Egg Regulations, all eggs received at a
registered station must be graded and marked with a federal grade name prior to being
marketed, such as Canada C for clean, cracked eggs. Federally registered egg grading
stations are not permitted to mark eggs as provincial cracks.

4.6 Product Inspection

Product inspection for shell eggs is carried out in order to determine if the product
meets the requirements of the grade name applied to the container of eggs. Inspections
are carried out on domestic product as well as on imports and exports. All product that
is certified by the CFIA must be inspected. Product may also be inspected upon request
to confirm product quality.
The following types of inspections may be conducted:

 Origin inspection: inspection at any place where the eggs were graded, packed
or repacked, or any inspection for export or interprovincial movement.
 Destination inspection: any other type of inspection, including one done at a
wholesaler, retailer, distributor, processing plant, or for an import.
 Nest Run inspection: inspections performed on Canada Nest Run eggs.
 Pre-grade inspection: inspections performed on ungraded eggs to determine if
they are eligible to be graded as Canada A.

4.6.1 General Steps for Product Inspection

Scientific methods of sampling must be employed to ensure that the sample is
representative of the population, adequate in size, and unbiased. In order for a sampling
to be valid, the inspector must follow the sampling guidelines and adhere to
requirements such as sample size, random selection of samples and accurate
examination of the product.

4.6.1.1 Preparing for an Inspection

 Prior to arriving at the inspection location, the inspector gathers the equipment,
reports and forms necessary to perform the required duties. Vehicles and
clothing must be clean, and the inspector must be equipped to take bio-security
measures.
 Upon arriving, the inspector ensures bio-security measures are followed.
  Equipment is set up and appropriate checks are performed to verify that the
equipment functions properly. Facilities for the inspector must be clean and
otherwise suitable in order to adequately perform the inspection.

4.6.1.2 Selection of the Lots

 Individual lots of eggs are selected from the cooler for inspection purposes. It is
the plants responsibility to ensure that eggs are accessible for inspection, and to
provide assistance to the inspector, where required.
 A lot is a quantity of eggs that for any reason is considered separately from any
other quantity of eggs for the purpose of an inspection.
 For routine domestic inspections, it is up to the inspector to decide the quantity of
eggs that will make up each lot; however a lot should only contain one size of
eggs. For example, the inspector could designate eggs of one size, brand,
unique expiry date or packed on date as a lot, or a specific number of pallets of
eggs within one size.
 For import inspections (destination inspections) the lots are determined by the
Import Control and Tracking System (see Chapter 8 - Shell Egg - Imports).
 For export inspections, and inspections that are requested for certification, the
entire quantity of product to be certified must be inspected because only product
which has been inspected can be certified. The entire quantity of product can be
inspected as one lot (where applicable), or it may need to be split into several
lots if there are different sizes and/or grades of eggs.

4.6.1.3 Determination of the Number of Units in the Lot (N)

A unit comprises any container containing between 60 and 180 eggs (5-15 dozen). If
the eggs are packed in containers of more than 15 dozen (e.g. 24 dozen or 30 dozen),
the inspector should determine the definition of a unit prior to selecting the sample. To
maintain the statistical validity of the sampling plan, a unit must not contain more than
180 eggs (15 dozen). For example, the inspector may decide that each 24 dozen case
will be 2 x 12 dozen units and assign a number to each 12 dozen unit.

4.6.1.4 Determination of the Sample Size (n)

The sampling procedure consists of drawing from the lot, at random, the designated
number of units (n) of product required to make up the sample as determined by the
appropriate sampling plan. Origin and destination inspections have unique sampling
plans, which will be detailed in the appropriate sections of this chapter.

4.6.1.5 Selection of Units Using the Random Sampling Numbers Table

Once the sample size has been determined, number each unit in the lot in a consistent
manner from 1 to N, where N is the total number of units in the lot. Use the Random
Sampling Numbers Table (Appendix II) to select the units for inspection. This table is
used so that each of the units in the lot has the same likelihood of being selected for
inspection. The Random Sampling Numbers Table is applied as follows:

 n is the sample size as determined by the sampling plan table.

 A starting point in the Random Sampling Numbers table is arbitrarily chosen.
 Numbers consisting of as many digits as N (e.g. 200 has 3 digits) are extracted
by reading across the table, from left to right.
 Each number encountered, which falls between 1 and N is chosen.
 Continue until n numbers have been picked

Select the units in the lot which correspond to the numbers picked from the Random
Sampling Numbers table. These are the units that will be inspected. The units of
product drawn are known individually as units and collectively as the sample.
Example: A lot contains 600 boxes of eggs and the sample size n is 13. The boxes in
the lot are numbered from 1 to 600 in some fashion and the Random Sampling
Numbers table is used. If the seventh row and sixth column were arbitrarily chosen as
the starting point, the table would be read across until 13 distinct 3-digit numbers
between 1 and 600 inclusive are obtained. The resulting sample for inspection would
consist of the boxes numbered 399, 460, 484, 472, 592, 512, 557, 162, 391, 021, 475,
309 and 263.
For the purpose of inspection, 60 eggs (5 dozen) per unit are always examined. Eggs
should be selected at random from various locations within the unit. When selecting the
eggs, the inspector must make sure they do not damage the product.

4.6.2 Origin Inspection

An origin inspection is done when the product inspection:

 occurs at any place where eggs were graded and packed or repacked, or
 is carried out for certification purposes for export or interprovincial movement
(this may occur at a site other than where the eggs were graded).

4.6.2.1 Origin Sampling Plans

An origin inspection uses one of the two sampling plans shown below in Table I and
Table II. The sampling plans are based on size designation and grade:

 Table I - all Canada A sizes (except Extra Large and Jumbo) and Canada B.
 Table II - Canada AELS and Jumbo sizes.
 For inspection of Canada C, see section 4.6.2.2.

Note: These sampling schemes were developed based on the International Standard
ISO/2859/1, using Acceptable Quality Levels (AQL). The AQL is a designated value of
percent defectives (nonconforming) or defects (nonconformities) per hundred units that
will be accepted most of the time by the acceptance sampling procedure to be used.
An AQL of 25.0% was selected for Canada A Jumbo Size and Extra Large Size and
an AQL of 10.0% was chosen for all other grades and sizes.

Table I: Acceptance Sampling Scheme: Shell Egg Program

Sampling Plan for All Canada A Sizes (Except Extra Large And Jumbo) And Can

Reduced Normal Tightened

Lot Size Level Reduced Reduced Level Normal Normal Level Tighten
(number Sample Level Level Sample Level Level Sample Level
of Units) Size Ac Re Size Ac Re Size Ac

2 – 90 2 0 2 5 1 2 8 1

91 - 150 3 1 3 8 2 3 8 1

151 - 280 5 1 4 13 3 4 13 2

281 - 500 8 2 5 20 5 6 20 3

501 - 13 3 6 32 7 8 32 5
1200

1201 - 20 5 8 50 10 11 50 8
3200

3201 - 32 7 10 80 14 15 80 12
10,000

over/plus 50 10 13 125 21 22 125 18

10,000
 Table II: Acceptance Sampling Scheme: Shell Egg Program
Sampling Plan for Canada A Extra Large And Jumbo Sizes

Reduced Normal Tightened

Lot Size Level Reduced Reduced Level Normal Normal Level Tightened Tightened
(number Sample Level Level Sample Level Level Sample Level Level
of Units) Size Ac Re Size Ac Re Size Ac Re

2 – 15 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2

16-25 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 1 2

26-90 2 1 3 5 3 4 5 2 3

91-150 3 2 4 8 5 6 8 3 4

151-280 5 3 6 13 7 8 13 5 6

281-500 8 5 8 20 10 11 20 8 9

501-1200 13 7 10 32 14 15 32 12 13

over/plus 20 10 13 50 21 22 50 18 19
1200

The sampling plans in Table I and Table II are further divided based on inspection level.
Both the lot size (N) and the inspection level are required to determine the number of
units to be selected for the sample (sample size n). There are three levels of inspection:

 Tightened - Where previous compliance of a given size/grade category of product

is low.
 Normal - Where previous compliance of a given size/grade category of product is
average.
 Reduced - Where previous compliance of a given size/grade category of product is
high
The level of inspection for each lot is based on the previous inspection results for the
same product size tracking category, as indicated on the Switching Rules Tracking
Form (see section 4.6.2.3 for further details). When more than one lot is to be inspected
during the same visit, the results of inspection for one lot may impact the level of
inspection for the next lot (where both lots fall under the same tracking category). In
order for a plant to move from one inspection level to another, the switching rules are
applied. Details on product tracking and switching rules can be found in section 4.6.2.3.
The starting inspection level at a newly registered egg station is Normal for all sizes and
grades of eggs.
When an origin inspection is performed on product at a location other than where the
eggs were graded, (other than for export), the inspection level to be used is that of the
same grade/size of product at the originating egg station. The responsible inspector for
that egg station may have to be contacted to obtain the appropriate inspection level.
The results for the inspection will then be communicated back to the inspector
responsible for the egg station. The results will be considered as a regular inspection at
the egg station and may change the inspection level for that grade/size of eggs.
However, when certifying shipments for export, the normal level of inspection is used.
Example: If a lot contains 600 boxes of ALS eggs, Table I is used to determine the
sample size. If the inspection level for that grade/size of egg is Normal, the sample size
would be 32 units. If the inspection level was reduced, the sample size would be 13
units.
Note: In some sections of the sampling plans, where the lot size is at the low end of the
2-90 or 2-15 unit range, the sample size may exceed the lot size (Table I - Normal and
Tightened levels, Table II - Tightened level). In such cases, the following steps should
be taken:

 The inspector should first determine if the size of the units in the lot can be
reevaluated. For example, if the units were numbered as boxes of 15 dozen, unit
numbers could be reassigned by splitting the boxes into 3 units of 5 dozen to
increase the total number of units in the lot. Inspectors must keep in mind that a
unit must contain a minimum of 60 eggs (5 dozen). If, by splitting the units, the
required sample size can be met, proceed with the inspection as usual. The size
of the unit (in dozens) should be defined on the Shell Egg - Product Inspection
Report - Origin (CFIA/ACIA 4196 - intended for internal use).
 If the units cannot be reduced in size, the number of units in the lot will remain
smaller than the sample size. In these cases, 100% of the eggs must be
examined. When evaluating the acceptability of the lot, the Acceptance and
Rejection numbers would not apply. The acceptability of the lot should be
determined using the following percentages: no more than 7% total undergrades
and no more than 5% undergrades excluding cracks.

4.6.2.2 Product Assessment

  As each lot of product is being assessed, the Shell Egg - Product Inspection
Report - Origin (CFIA/ACIA 4196 - intended for internal use) should be
completed. See section 4.6.2.7 for instructions on how to fill out the form.
 The units should be candled and assessed against the grade requirements. Eggs
that do not meet the requirements for the grade at which they were graded are
considered undergrades.
 Eggs weighed on a Syro scale must be placed directly upright on the scale.
 The undergrades for each unit should be tracked separately. Use a separate line
for recording the undergrades found for the 60 eggs inspected in each unit.
 Eggs that are undergrades, leakers or rejects should be segregated for proper
disposition.
 The acceptability of the units should be assessed and recorded on the
appropriate line of the form. For purposes of determining acceptability of the
units, eggs that have cracked shells, and are undergrade for a reason other than
cracks must be counted as a crack. Counting one egg in two categories is not
acceptable.

Acceptable unit: A unit in a lot is acceptable if, from the 60 eggs drawn and examined,
a maximum total of 4 undergrades including cracks are found, of which not more than 3
are undergrades for reasons other than cracks. Leakers and rejects are not considered
in the evaluation of an individual unit.
Defective unit: A unit is defective if a total of at least 5 undergrades including cracks
are found, or at least 4 undergrades for reasons other than cracks.

How to determine if a unit is defective

Undergrades for reasons other than cracks Total undergrades, including cracks

unit acceptable 3 4

unit defective 4 5

The acceptability of the lot should be determined and recorded on the appropriate line
of the form. Acceptability of the lot is based on two evaluations;

 the number of defective units as compared to the acceptance and rejection

numbers
 the administrative tolerance.

In order to determine the acceptability of a lot, an Acceptance Number (Ac) and

Rejection Number (Re) are required. These numbers are determined by using the
sampling plans in Table I and Table II.
Ac = the maximum number of defective units allowed in the sample for a lot to be
accepted.
Re = the minimum number of defective units in the sample requiring the lot to be
rejected.
Acceptable lot: A lot is acceptable if the number of defective units found in the sample
is equal to or less than the acceptance number (Ac) for the appropriate sample size.
Reject lot: If the number of defective units is equal to or greater than the rejection
number (Re), the lot fails and will be detained.
Lot requiring further evaluation: At the Reduced level in both sampling plans
(Tables I and II), there may be instances where the number of defective units is found to
be greater than the acceptance number (Ac) but less than the rejection number (Re). In
such cases, the inspection level is moved to Normal and the product is evaluated to
determine its disposition. To do this, the following procedure should be followed using
either Table I & II under section 4.6.2.1 :

Table I: Sampling Plan for all Canada A sizes (except Extra Large and Jumbo) and
Canada B

 Determine if any one of the defective units contains an excessive number of

undergrades. Excessive is defined as a unit containing more than double the
regular acceptable number of undergrades. In other words, a unit is considered
to contain an excessive number of undergrades if it contains at least 7
undergrades other than cracks (which is more than double the regular
acceptance number of 3), or contains at least 9 undergrades including cracks
(which is more than double the regular acceptance number of 4).
 If the defective units do not contain an excessive number of undergrades, the lot
is accepted
 If any of the defective units contain an excessive number of undergrades,
additional units must be taken to bring the sample size up to the number required
at the Normal level.

Example: for a lot of 400 boxes ALS, an additional 12 units would be required to bring
the sample size from the Reduced level of 8 units to the Normal level of 20 units
(Table I).

 The additional units are inspected and the entire lot of eggs, including the
previous defective unit from sampling at the Reduced level, is assessed as a
whole. The assessment for the disposition of the product is carried out based on
the results at the Normal level of inspection.
 Regardless of the outcome of the assessment, the inspection level for that
product size tracking category moves to Normal.

Table II: Sampling Plan for Canada A Extra Large and Jumbo sizes
Lot Size 16-280 units

 In Table II, when the lot size falls between 16 and 280 units at the Reduced level,
the Rejection number (Re) can never be reached, even if every unit examined is
defective. (Example: with a lot size of 151-280 units, the sample size is 5 but the
Rejection number (Re) is 6. Even if all 5 units are defective, the Rejection
number cannot be reached).
 When the number of defective units falls between the Ac and Re numbers,
additional units must be taken to bring the sample size up to the number required
at the Normal level.
 The additional units are inspected and the entire lot of eggs, including the
previous defective units from sampling at the Reduced level, is assessed as a
whole. The assessment for the disposition of the product is carried out based on
the results at the Normal level of inspection.
 Regardless of the outcome of the assessment, the level for that product size
tracking category moves to Normal.

Lot Size 281 to >1200 units

 In Table II, when the lot size is 281or greater, and the number of defective units
falls between the Ac and Renumbers, proceed in the same manner as described
in Table I above (i. e. only increase the sample size for this lot to Normal where
one or more of the defective units contains an excessive number of
undergrades).
 Inspection of Canada C: For inspection of Canada C eggs at origin, Table I is
used to determine the sample size, but Ac and Re numbers do not apply.
Canada C eggs are inspected for leakers and rejects only, and are assessed
based on the administrative tolerance described below.

Administrative Tolerances for Grade A, B and C Product Inspected at Origin

In addition to the evaluation of the lot based on the Acceptance (Ac) and Rejection (Re)
numbers, the administrative tolerance for product inspected at origin must also be
applied. The administrative tolerance allows for some leakers and rejects in the lot.

Administrative Tolerances at Origin

Leakers
Stain > 1/3 Table Note 1 Reject Table Note 2

Canada A /B 1 per 2 units Table Note 3 1 per unit

Canada C 1 per unit 3 per unit 1 per unit

Table Notes
Table Note 1
Regulated tolerance - Egg Regulations, Schedule IV, Section 3
Return to table note 1 referrer
Table Note 2
Dirts are included in the Reject administrative tolerance for Canada A, Canada
B and Canada C
Return to table note 2 referrer
Table Note 3
A unit consists of 60 eggs (5 doz. eggs)
Return to table note 3 referrer
The number of leakers and rejects in the lot should be calculated as an average for the
lot at the end of the inspection and compared to the administrative tolerance. If the
number of reject eggs or leakers found during the inspection is more that the
Administrative Tolerance, the lot fails and will be detained, even if the acceptance
number (Ac) of units was met.
Example: A lot of 200 boxes of Canada C eggs is inspected. The sample size is 5 units
(Table I). 60 eggs from each of the 5 units are inspected. The following results were
found

Results of example sample:

Unit 1 2 3 4 5 Total

Leakers 1 2 0 2 0 5

Rejects 0 3 1 1 2 7

 the results show that a total of 5 leakers and 7 rejects were found.
 The average of leakers found in the lot is 1 (5) 5)
 The average of rejects found in the lot is 1.4 (7) 5).
 the administrative tolerance chart shows that for Canada C eggs, on average 1
leaker per sample and 1 reject per sample is allowed.
 Upon comparison, the average number of leakers (1) is equal to the
administrative tolerance (1), which is acceptable. However, the average number
of rejects (1.4 ) is greater than the administrative tolerance (1). Therefore, the lot
fails.

4.6.2.3 Product Tracking

The results for each lot must be tracked on the Switching Rules Tracking Form before
the next lot is inspected, since the inspection results for one lot may impact the level of
inspection for the next lot. Product tracking is to be carried out in the following way:

Egg stations that grade more than 50 boxes per week:

The inspector is to track product in three separate categories:

 Canada A Jumbo and Canada A Extra Large Size (AELS),

 Canada A Large Size (ALS)
 Other grades and sizes, i. e. AMS, ASS, APWS, B's, C's

The inspection level for lots of Canada A Jumbo and Canada AELS is tracked
separately from other sizes since a different table is used to determine accept and reject
levels. Lots of ALS are also to be tracked separately since the majority of eggs graded
in Canada fall into this category and data on compliance must be maintained. Other
grades may be combined.

Egg stations that grade less than 50 boxes per week:

The inspector is to track product in one category.
It is necessary to track product from small stations in one category because there may
be limited availability of graded product during inspections at these stations. With limited
availability of product, the length of time required to switch the station between
inspection levels could be extremely long if product was tracked separately.
If a lot of ALS fails an inspection at the Reduced level in a small station, and the
inspection level then moves to Normal, lots of any product sizes can be used to bring
the station's product inspection level back to Reduced since all product is tracked in the
same category. Note: it is understood that corrective action must be taken where
required and the original problem addressed. For example, other sizes are not to be
used to move a plant back to Reduced if the plant has failed, and consistently fails,
Canada A Extra Large Size. The plant must first address the AELS problem.
The Switching Rules Tracking Form is used to track the level of inspection in each
category. It has three separate sections so that each of the three product categories can
be tracked separately. It is possible that an egg station may have a different inspection
level for each size category. See Appendix IV for an example of how to fill out the
Switching Rules Tracking Form.
Note: Where a lot fails and is subsequently re-graded, the re-inspection done for a
release from detention is not counted in product tracking. 4.6.2.4 Switching Rules

4.6.2.4 Switching Rules

After each lot has been assessed and the results for the lot tracked on the Switching
Rules Tracking Form, the switching rules must be applied to determine the end level of
inspection for the lot, which will also represent the start level of inspection for the next
lot in the same tracking category. The Switching Rules are based on the acceptability of
the lot inspected, the level of inspection for the given grade/size of product, the station's
weekly grading volume and previous compliance. A schematic of the switching rules
can be found in Appendix III.

To switch from Reduced to Normal

 One inspected lot is not accepted or;

 Acceptance number is exceeded (number of defective units in the sample falls
between the acceptance and rejection numbers identified in the Acceptance
Sampling Scheme Table for the given total number of units in the lot).

To switch from Normal to Tightened

 Two out of five consecutive lots (2 out of 5) inspected at the Normal level are not
accepted.

To switch from Tightened to Normal

 Three (3) consecutive lots inspected at the Tightened level are accepted.

To switch from Normal to Reduced

 stations grading >3,000 boxes/week: 10 consecutive lots inspected at normal are

accepted.
 stations grading between 50 and 3,000: 5 consecutive lots inspected at normal
are accepted.
 stations grading <50 boxes/week: 3 consecutive lots inspected at normal are
accepted

Note: Should product remain at the Tightened level after 10 consecutive inspected lots,
the status of the egg station is to be reviewed with regard to the application of Canada
grade standards.

4.6.2.5 Completing the Inspection

Once the inspector has inspected all of the lots they are going to inspect that day, the
following activities should be carried out to complete the inspection:

 All undergrades from each sample are to be removed and identified to the plant
so that they are not dispersed back into the sample.
 The inspector completes and signs the Shell Egg - Product Inspection Report -
Origin (CFIA/ACIA 4196 - intended for internal use), has the operator (or
designate) sign the report, and provides a copy of the report for both the
 operator's and the inspector's files. Further copies may need to be distributed
depending on the regional structure.

4.6.2.6 Examples - Origin Inspection

Example 1: Consider a lot of 600 boxes (units) of 15 dozen Canada A Large Size eggs,
being inspected at origin. Assuming a Reduced level, the pertinent sampling plan
(Table I) requires that a sample of 13 boxes be randomly selected for inspection and
that 60 eggs be examined from each box to determine its individual acceptability. Upon
inspection, the following results are obtained:

Results from origin inspection example 1

Unit in Undergrades, Total Undergrades, Classification of

Sample Excluding Cracks Including Cracks Unit

1 0 2 acceptable

2 3 3 acceptable

3 2 4 acceptable

4 2 2 acceptable

5 1 4 acceptable

6 0 2 acceptable

7 0 3 acceptable

8 4 4 defective

9 1 2 acceptable
 Results from origin inspection example 1

Unit in Undergrades, Total Undergrades, Classification of

Sample Excluding Cracks Including Cracks Unit

10 0 2 acceptable

11 6 7 defective

12 2 4 acceptable

13 3 4 acceptable

Applying the definition of a defective unit, two boxes have been found defective, namely
box 8 and box 11. According to the sampling plan, the acceptance number (Ac) is 3,
permitting as many as 3 units (boxes) to be defective in an acceptable lot.
Consequently, the above lot of eggs is deemed acceptable and passes. The
administrative tolerance for leakers and rejects would still have to be considered before
the final assessment of the product was made.
Example 2: A lot of 80 boxes (units) of 15 dozen Canada AELS eggs is to be inspected
at origin. At a Normal level (Table II), a random sample of 5 units needs to be drawn
and 60 eggs per box examined for possible undergrades. Assume the following results
are recorded:

Results from origin inspection example 2

Unit in Undergrades, Total Undergrades, Classification of

Sample Excluding Cracks Including Cracks Unit

1 2 5 defective

2 3 3 acceptable
 Results from origin inspection example 2

Unit in Undergrades, Total Undergrades, Classification of

Sample Excluding Cracks Including Cracks Unit

3 2 6 defective

4 1 7 defective

5 1 7 defective

Box 2 is the only acceptable unit found in the sample. The sampling plan gives 3 and 4
as the acceptance and rejection numbers respectively. Since the rejection number of 4
has been reached, the lot must be rejected.
Example 3: A lot of 160 boxes of Canada AELS eggs is to be inspected at origin where
each box contains 15 dozen eggs. From the appropriate sampling plan under Reduced
level (Table II), a random sample of 5 units needs to be drawn and 60 eggs per box
examined for undergrades. Assume the following results are recorded:

Results from origin inspection example 3

Unit in Undergrades, Total Undergrades, Classification of

Sample Excluding Cracks Including Cracks Unit

1 2 7 defective

2 3 5 defective

3 2 6 defective

4 1 9 defective
 Results from origin inspection example 3

Unit in Undergrades, Total Undergrades, Classification of

Sample Excluding Cracks Including Cracks Unit

5 1 7 defective

The Acceptance Sampling Plan (Table II) identifies 3 and 6 as the acceptance and
rejection numbers respectively. As all the units sampled failed (5) and the rejection
value (6) is more than the number of units sampled, the inspector will move the
sampling frequency to Normal and take additional units to determine the acceptability of
the lot. In this example the inspector will need to select 8 additional unique units at
random to bring the sample size up to 13 as required for a lot of this size at the Normal
inspection level. The results of inspecting the additional units are as follows:

Results from origin inspection example 4

Total
Unit in Undergrades, Undergrades,Including Classification of
Sample Excluding Cracks Cracks Unit

6 4 4 defective

7 2 4 acceptable

8 1 4 acceptable

9 1 7 defective

10 0 4 acceptable

11 1 3 acceptable
 Results from origin inspection example 4

Total
Unit in Undergrades, Undergrades,Including Classification of
Sample Excluding Cracks Cracks Unit

12 3 4 acceptable

13 1 5 defective

At the Normal level of inspection the acceptance and rejection numbers identified in the
acceptance sampling plan (Table II) are 7 and 8 respectively for a lot
of AELS containing 160 boxes. From the additional units inspected there are 3 further
defective units to add to the 5 defective units found in the first five units inspected at the
reduced level, giving a total of 8 defective units which is the reject number for the lot.
The lot is rejected.
For the switching rules, start counting consecutive lots at the Normal level at the next
inspection.

4.6.2.7 Shell Egg - Product Inspection Report - Origin (CFIA/ACIA 4196 -

intended for internal use)
Shell Egg - Product Inspection Report - Origin (CFIA/ACIA 4196 - intended for internal
use) is the form that is to be used for all regular or requested origin inspections. It is to
be used with the sampling plans found in Tables I and II in section 4.6.2.1 of this
chapter. The following guidelines are to assist in the completion of the form:

1. Name and Address: The name and address should be written as it appears on of
Station the registration list. If the mailing address is a head office then the legal
address of the station must be used, otherwise either is acceptable.
2. Registration No. : Registration number of the egg station where the eggs were
graded.
3. Date: Date written out (Mar. 14, 2006) or in the form yyyy/mm/dd.
4. Region: Province of egg station.
5. Inspector's Number: Number on inspector's I. D. card.
6. Page of : Due to the format of the sampling plan, more than one sheet may be
required for an inspection. This section will ensure that all pages of a single
report are accounted for at all times.
 7. Lot Description: A description containing all details required to specifically identify
a lot. Information should include, if applicable, container type, registration
number, brand name, Best Before date description of unit, grade and size, etc.
8. Start Level of Inspection: Use a letter, R (reduced), N (normal) or T (tightened) to
indicate the start level of inspection for each lot.
9. Units in Lot: Number of containers (N) with 5 to 15 dozen equivalents in lot.
10. Sample Size: The number of units required (n) as per Table I or II
11. Acceptance/Rejection Numbers: The two numbers listed in
Table I or II corresponding to the numbers of units in the lot under the applicable
inspection level.
12. Undergrades: A separate line is to be used to record the results found for the 60
eggs inspected in each unit taken for a lot. Cracks - the number of cracks found
in one individual unit. Other Undergrades - list all defects other than cracks found
in that same one unit. Use letters to indicate defects (i.e. AC - air cell, Y - yolk, S
- size (specify), etc. , followed by the number of that defect in the unit). A single
egg may be assigned to only one undergrade category even if it could be
classified in multiple categories. Note: for inspection of Grade C eggs, the
undergrades section is not applicable.
13. Accept/Reject Unit: Use the letters Ac (accept) or Re (reject) to indicate the result
of the examination of that one individual unit using the criteria for acceptable and
defective units (see 4.6.2.2 )
14. Leakers: Number of leakers in that one unit.
15. Rejects: Number of rejects in that one unit.
16. Accept/Reject Lot: Use the letters Ac (accept) or Re (reject) to indicate the
outcome of the lot, using the criteria for the determination of acceptability of a lot
(see 4.6.2.2 ) Note: This box is only filled in on the last line for that lot after the
results for the last unit from the lot have been determined. The results from this
box should be filled in on the Switching Rules Tracking form.
17. End Level of Inspection: Use a letter R (reduced), N (normal) or tightened) to
indicate the end level of inspection for each lot. This result may affect the Start
Level of inspection of subsequent lots inspected that day, if subsequent lots fall
under the same tracking category. It should be filled in on the Switching Rules
Tracking form.

4.6.3 Destination Inspection

A destination inspection is any inspection carried out at a place other than where the
eggs were graded or packed (e.g.at a wholesaler, retailer, distributor, breaking plant,
grading station).
Destination inspections are used for all imports.
Note: Destination inspections have no impact on the level of inspection of the station
where the eggs originated.

4.6.3.1 Destination Inspection Sampling Plan

A destination inspection uses the sampling plan which can be seen in Table III below.
The destination inspection sampling plan applies to Grade A and B eggs.
For inspection of Canada C eggs at destination, Table III is used to determine sample
size only, since the tolerances for cracks and undergrades do not apply. Canada C
eggs are inspected for leakers and rejects only (see section 4.6.3.2).

Table III Destination Inspection Sampling Plan

Units Sample Size- Eggs to be Destination Tolerance - Grades A and B

in Lot Minimum Examine d (60
Number of Units eggs per unit)
To be Selected 3% Crack 7 % tolerance all
Tolerance Table undergrades Table Note 4
Note 4

≤ 2 120 3,6 8,4

26-50 3 180 5,4 12,6

51-90 4 240 7,2 16,8

91-150 5 300 9 21

151- 8 480 14,4 33,6

280

281- 13 780 23,4 54,6

500

501- 20 1200 36 84
1200

1201- 32 1920 57,6 134,4

3200

3201- 50 3000 90 210

10,000
Table Notes
Table note 4
The tolerances (3% and 7%) have been calculated out so that the values in the
column are expressed as number of eggs.
Return to table note 4 referrer
The tolerances in Table III are based on Schedule IV section 2(2) of the Egg
Regulations. A sample, representing a lot, may have up to 10% total undergrades and
still be considered acceptable. Of the 10% total undergrades, the first 3% (crack
tolerance) is an allowance for cracks only. Any cracks in excess of 3% are added to all
other undergrades and the total cannot exceed 7%. Note: the 7% does not include
leakers and rejects.

4.6.3.2 Product Assessment

 While product is being assessed, the Shell Egg Destination Report (CFIA/ACIA
1017 - intended for internal use) should be completed. See section 4.6.3.4 for
instructions on how to fill out the form.
 The units should be candled and assessed against the destination tolerance.
Eggs weighed on a Syro scale must be placed directly upright on the scale.
 Set aside the undergrades found in the units inspected. Undergrades should be
separated into cracks, and undergrades other than cracks. Eggs that have
cracked shells, and are undergrade for a reason other than cracks must be
counted as a crack. Counting one egg in both categories is not acceptable.
Rejects and leakers will be considered separately.
 Count the total number of cracks in the sample inspected. Subtract the crack
tolerance (3%) from the total number of cracks. Add the number of remaining
cracks to the number of undergrades other than cracks. This total number must
not exceed 7%.

Example: A lot contains 80 boxes of eggs. Table III indicates that 4 units are to be
selected for sampling and 240 eggs are to be examined. Upon examination, the sample
of 240 eggs was found to have 12 cracks and 14 undergrades other than cracks.
Table III shows that the crack tolerance (3%) is 7.2 eggs.

The Evaluation of the Lot Based on the Destination Tolerance

Instructions Calculations

1. Subtract the crack tolerance (Table III: 12 cracks in sample - 7.2 crack
3% cracks) from the total number of tolerance = 4.8 remaining cracks
cracks in the sample

2. Add the number of remaining cracks to 4.8 remaining cracks + 14

the number of undergrades other than undergrades other than cracks = 18.8
cracks total undergrades
 The Evaluation of the Lot Based on the Destination Tolerance

Instructions Calculations

3. Compare total undergrades in lot to the 18.8 total undergrades is greater than
value in Table III(7% tolerance) (>) the 16.8 undergrades allowed

Since the number of total undergrades exceeded the 7% tolerance, the lot fails.

 If the undergrades exceed the tolerance upon inspection of the lot, a detention
should be applied and the lot transferred to a registered egg station for
correction.

Administrative Tolerances for Canada A, B and C Inspected at Destination

In addition to the evaluation of the lot based on the destination tolerance, the
administrative tolerance for product inspected at destination must also be applied. The
administrative tolerance allows for some leakers and rejects in the lot.

Administrative Tolerances at Destination

Leakers Stain > 1/3 Table Note 5 Reject Table Note 6

Canada A /B 1 per unit Table Note 7 1 per unit

Canada C 3 per unit 3 per unit 1 per unit

Table Notes
Table Note 5
Regulated tolerance - Egg Regulations, Schedule IV, Section 3
Return to table note 5 referrer
Table Note 6
Dirts are included in the administrative reject tolerance
Return to table note 6 referrer
Table Note 7
A unit consists of 60 eggs (5 doz. eggs)
Return to table note 7 referrer
The number of leakers and rejects in the lot should be calculated as an average for the
lot at the end of the inspection and compared to the administrative tolerance. If the
number of reject eggs or leakers found during the inspection is more than the
Administrative Tolerance, the lot fails and will be detained, even if the number of
undergrades was found to be acceptable.

4.6.3.3 Completing the Inspection

Once the inspector has inspected all of the lots they are going to inspect that day, the
following activities should be carried out to complete the inspection:

 Any undergrade eggs that are found to be within the tolerance for the number of
samples examined may be dispersed throughout the samples. Any rejects or
leakers that were found during the inspection are to be discarded.
 The inspector completes and signs the Shell Egg Destination Report (CFIA/ACIA
1017 - intended for internal use), has the operator or designate sign the report,
and provides a copy of the report for both the operator and the inspector's files.
Further copies may need to be distributed depending on the regional structure.

4.6.3.4 Shell Egg Destination Report (CFIA/ACIA 1017 - intended for

internal use)
The Shell Egg Destination Report is the form completed during any destination
inspection of shell eggs. It provides a record of the details of lots and lot sizes, number
of eggs inspected and undergrades found during the inspection. The following
guidelines are to assist in the completion of the form:

1. Name and address: The name and address of the Station, Shipper, Importer or
Institution should be written. The Report will be issued to the party in possession
of the eggs.
2. Certificate No. For an import, include the USDA certificate number and
the ICTS control number. If a CFIACertificate of Inspection/Grading (CFIA/ACIA
1022 - intended for internal use) was issued, include the certificate number.
3. Date: Date written out (Mar. 14, 2006) or in the form yyyy/mm/dd.
4. Registration Number: Registration number of the place of inspection, where
applicable.
5. Place of Inspection: The location where the eggs are inspected, if different from
above, or the supplier of the eggs or the consignee. The appropriate location
should be circled.
6. Inspector's Number: Number on inspector's I. D. card.
7. Region: Province where eggs are being inspected.

Inspection Details
Lot

1. Lot Description: Include enough detail to specifically identify a lot of eggs

(e.g. Best Before Date, carton brand name, registration number, boxes, wire
baskets or other type of container, etc. )
 2. Grade: Canada A, Canada B, Canada C or Foreign Country Grade.
3. Registration No: Federal registration number of the plant where the lot of eggs
was graded.
4. Units in lot: Number of units in the lot (N).
5. Sample Size: Number of units to be selected (n) as determined by the destination
inspection sampling plan.

Undergrades

1. Cracks over Tolerance: The number of cracked eggs remaining after crack
tolerance (3%) has been subtracted from total number of cracked eggs.
2. Air Cell, Yolk, Size, Shell: Record the number of these separately. A single egg
may be assigned to only one category.
3. Total: Total number in the Undergrades section.
4. Tolerance: The number of Undergrades allowed in the lot (7% of the total number
of eggs inspected).

Summary
Leakers

1. Total: Total number of leakers.

2. Tolerance: The number of leakers allowed in the lot.

Rejects

1. Total: Total number of rejects.

2. Tolerance: The number of rejects allowed in the lot.
3. Accept/Reject Lot: Use the letters Ac (accept) or Re (reject) to indicate outcome
of the lot.

4.6.4 Nest Run Inspection

Nest Run inspections can be carried out at origin or destination. In both cases, the
following inspection sampling plan is used to determine sample size:
 Table IV Pre-grade/ Nest Run Sampling Plan

Units in Sample Size - Minimum Number Minimum Number of Eggs

Lot of Units to be Selected to be Examined

0 – 25 2 120

26 -50 3 180

51 - 90 4 240

91 - 150 5 300

151 - 280 8 480

281 - 500 13 780

501 - 20 1200
1200

1201 - 32 1920
3200

3201 - 50 3000
10,000

4.6.4.1 Product Assessment

 While product is being assessed, results are to be recorded on the Pre-

grade/Canada Nest Run Product Inspection Report (CFIA/ACIA 5427 - intended
for internal use). This report is used for both Nest Run and Pre-grade
 inspections. Some sections of the report are not applicable to a Nest Run
Inspection. See section 4.6.5.3 for instructions on how to fill out the report.
 The units should be candled and the acceptability of the lot assessed.

At origin, Canada Nest Run eggs must meet the requirements set out in Schedule I of
the Egg Regulations.
At destination, a tolerance is applied to allow for damage that may occur during
transportation.
The origin requirements and destination tolerance for Canada Nest Run eggs can be
seen in Table V below.

Table V Nest Run Origin Requirements and Destination Tolerance

Defect Origin Destination

Cracked shells 10% 13%

Dirt >160 mm 5 5% 5%

Leakers or Rejects 3% 5%

Total Maximum 15% 20%

4.6.4.2 Completing the Inspection

 Any eggs that are found to be within the tolerance may be dispersed throughout
the samples. Any rejects or leakers that were found during the inspection are to
be discarded since leakers and rejects are not eligible for breaking or grading.
 Product Inspection Report (CFIA/ACIA 5427 - intended for internal use), has the
operator or designate sign the report, and provides a copy of the report for both
the operator and the inspector's file. Further copies may need to be distributed
depending on the regional structure.

4.6.5 Pre-Grade Inspection

The pre-grade program is designed to encourage the production and marketing of high
quality shell eggs. This is achieved by inspecting ungraded eggs arriving at the egg
station to be graded Canada A, to determine if they meet the regulated requirement.
Pre-grade inspections also contribute to food safety by reducing the number of
excessively dirty, cracked, or weak shelled eggs that go through the washing process.
These eggs may increase the egg solids and fecal content of the wash water,
contributing to unacceptable conditions.
A lot of ungraded eggs that fails to meet the pre-grade requirements upon inspection, is
not eligible to be graded as Canada A.
In some provinces, provincial pre-grade programs exist. In such provinces, the inspector
should keep on file a copy of the provincial pre-grade program from each province
where ungraded eggs are received. The provincial pre-grade program will identify who
and how to distribute failed pre-grade inspections and whether or not a monitoring
component exists within the program.

4.6.5.1 Frequency of Pre-grade Inspections

Targeted pre-grade inspections will be carried out throughout the year based on the
annual regional quota as distributed by the Area Egg Specialist.
CFIA inspectors will also perform pre-grade inspections upon request. These requested
inspections are cost recoverable (see Chapter 12 - Shell Egg - Cost Recovery).

4.6.5.2 Pre-grade Inspection Procedures

1. Selection of Producer
The Provincial Egg Marketing Board may provide the CFIA, upon request, a list of all
registered quota holding egg producers in the province. These lists will be available at
the request of the Inspection Supervisor for distribution to the inspectors. The list from
the provincial board should include the flock age, flock size and the name of the egg
station to which the eggs are shipped. Alternatively, the CFIA may request that an egg
station provide a list of egg producers who ship to their facility. The list from the egg
station should include flock age, flock size and day of the week on which the producer
typically ships.
For inspection purposes, the CFIA inspector may target flocks based on the following:

 age of the flock - typically flocks that are at least 53 - 56 weeks of age (9 months
of lay).
 an excessive amount of visual defects in a lot of ungraded eggs noticed during
the inspector's regular inspection duties.
 poor grade out reports - the inspector may request grade out reports from the
egg station for each egg producer that ship eggs to the egg station.
  information provided by an egg station employee indicating that a producer's
eggs may have problems with cracks, dirt, leakers, rejects or poor shell quality.

CFIA inspectors may inspect eggs from a particular flock upon request on a cost-
recoverable basis.

2. Inspection Procedure

 Sample size is determined using the Nest Run/Pre-grade Sampling Plan (see
Table IV in section 4.6.4).
 The eggs are candled and assessed against the pre-grade requirements listed
below.
 Haugh units are considered in the assessment of the lot. Twenty (20) eggs,
chosen at random from the total sample drawn are broken out to determine the
quality of the albumen using a Haugh unit micrometer. See Appendix V for
instructions on Haugh Unit determination.
 Results are to be recorded on the Pre-grade/Canada Nest Run Product
Inspection Report (CFIA/ACIA 5427 - intended for internal use). See section
4.6.5.3 for instructions on how to fill out the form.

3. Product Assessment
The sample of eggs is assessed based on the Pre-grade requirements below. A
summary of pre-grade requirements can be found in table format in Appendix I.

 Pre-grade Requirements
 lot of eggs will fail if:
 the Haugh unit requirement is not met as stated in A),
 any individual maximum tolerance is exceeded in B) or
 if the total percentage of all the items in B) exceed 15 %.

A. Quality factor of albumen averages 67 Haugh units or higher.

B. Individual Maximum Tolerance (%)

 Cracked Shells 10.0

 Rough, ridges or misshapen shells 10.0
 Dirt Footnote 8 >160 mm2 and < 1/3 area of shell 5.0
 Dirt Footnote 8 ≥1/3 area of the shell 2.5
 Stain >1/2 area of the shell 5.0
 Air cell in excess of 5 mm in depth 5.0
 Leakers 2.5
 Total Maximum Tolerance (%)
 Total of all items above 15.0
Note: When an egg has excessive dirt >160 mm2 and the shell is cracked, it is to be
classified as a crack (it cannot be counted as both a crack and a dirt). This means that
all eggs in a pre-grade inspection must be candled. It is not acceptable to pick out dirt
prior to candling.

4. Completing the Inspection

The inspector completes the Pre-grade/Canada Nest Run Product Inspection Report
(CFIA/ACIA 5427 - intended for internal use) and determines whether the lot of eggs
passes or fails the inspection. See section 4.6.5.3 for instructions on how to fill out the
Report.

Acceptable Inspections:

When the lot of eggs is found to be acceptable, the Pre-grade/Canada Nest Run
Product Inspection Report is delivered or mailed to the Egg Inspector's Supervisor or
Regional Program Officer (or designate), depending upon the regional structure, for
filing.

Failed Inspections:

Provinces with a Pre-grade inspection program:

 The eggs are detained and the egg station operator is informed that the lot of
eggs failed and is not eligible to be graded as Canada A.
 The egg station operator is to notify the producer that their eggs have failed.
 The Pre-grade/Canada Nest Run Product Inspection Report is immediately faxed
to the Inspection Supervisor/Regional Program Officer at the
Regional CFIA office.
 It may be required that the inspection report be faxed immediately to the
Provincial Egg Producer's Board and Provincial Poultry Specialist.
 Typically, detained lots of eggs are purchased by the Provincial Egg Board and
directed to a registered processed egg station identified as For Further
Processing or FFP. Detained lots of eggs are released from detention after they
are broken at the processed egg station.
 Future lots of eggs from quota holder flocks identified as not meeting the
requirements as a result of an inspection will be directed to a registered
processed egg station as per the agreement with the Provincial Egg Marketing
Board.
 Once the producer's problem has been investigated, the Provincial Egg Board
will normally request that the CFIAinspect the producer's eggs to determine if
they now meet the pre-grade requirements. This requested pre-grade inspection
is cost recoverable. If the producer's eggs pass this inspection, their eggs are no
longer directed to the processed egg station and become eligible to be graded as
Canada A. If the pre-grade inspection fails, the eggs continue to be directed to
the processed egg station until another cost-recoverable inspection is requested
and the lot passes
  The CFIA will only detain and control lots which have been subjected to an
inspection and have failed.

Provinces without a Pre-grade Inspection Program

 If the lot fails, the eggs are detained and the egg station operator is informed that
the lot of eggs failed and are not eligible to be graded as Canada A. The egg
station operator is to notify the producer that their eggs have failed.
 Failed lots can be detained for control purposes only and may be graded out as
Canada B, Canada C or Canada Nest Run. Note: the requirements for Canada
Nest Run are very similar to the pre-grade requirements. Therefore, a lot that
fails pre-grade is unlikely to meet the Nest Run requirements.
 If a lot of ungraded eggs fails a pre-grade inspection and the lot is not eligible to
be graded Canada Nest Run and the egg station operator wishes to ship the
eggs to a registered processed egg station marked as Ungraded and For Further
Processing, the operator must request permission from the Executive Director in
that Area as per section 9(14) of the Egg Regulations.
 Future lots are not subject to control by the Provincial Egg Producer's Board.
 The CFIA will only detain and control lots which have been subjected to an
inspection and have failed.

Non-Quota Holders

 Non-quota holders are not included in provincial pre-grade programs. When a

flock fails from these producers they are only eligible to be graded as Canada B
and Canada C or as Canada Nest Run if the lot meets the standard.
 Future lots from the failed flock may be controlled where they have been officially
inspected and have failed.

4.6.5.3 Pre-grade/Canada Nest Run Product Inspection Report

(CFIA/ACIA 5427 - intended for internal use)
The Pre-grade/Canada Nest Run Product Inspection Report is the form that is used to
record the details of a Pre-grade or a Canada Nest Run Inspection. It is to be used with
the Pre-grade/Canada Nest Run Sampling Plan (Table IV - 4.6.4). The percentage of
eggs below standard is recorded on this form so that it may be compared with the
regulated requirements provided on the form. The following guidelines are to assist in
the completion of the form:

1. Name and address of inspection location: The legal name and address of the
station, shipper, importer or institution where the inspection is conducted. The
report will be issued to the party in possession of the eggs.
2. Name and address of egg station or producer: Nest run inspection: the legal
name and address of the of the egg station or egg station responsible for the
grading of Canada Nest Run eggs.
 Pre-grade inspections: the name of the producer from which the ungraded eggs
originate.

3. Date: The date the inspection is performed. The date should be written out (Dec.
25, 2008) or in the form yyyy/mm/dd.
4. Inspector's Number: Number on the inspector's ID. card.
5. Registration No. : Nest Run Inspections: the federal registration number of the
egg station responsible for the grading of the Canada Nest Run eggs being
inspected. This will correspond with the egg station information provided in box 2.
Pre-grade inspections: if the eggs are ungraded and are being inspected at an
egg station, the registration number of the place of inspection may be recorded.
This would correspond with box 1.

6. Province of Origin: Province where the eggs originated. Region can also be
included here if the inspector wishes to provide more detailed information.
7. Quota No. : Eggs in Canada are produced under a supply management system.
The quota number may be provided by the egg station, the producer or the
provincial egg marketing board. Very small producers may not have a quota
number.
8. Barn No. : The barn number is required for trace back purposes where a
producer has more than one barn.
9. Weeks of Lay or Flock Age: The age of the hen is to be recorded in either weeks
of lay (number of weeks the hens have been in lay) or flock age. Week of lay is
often used to target lots of eggs for pre-grade inspection. The inspector should
circle either weeks of lay or flock age depending on the information recorded.
10. I. P. V. No. : The serial number printed on an Industrial Product Verification form.
This form may be completed by an egg station to control the movement of
Canada Nest Run product designated as surplus to the table market.
11. Lot Description: Record enough detail to specifically identify a lot of eggs. The
date the eggs were picked up from the farm should be recorded as the lot
description, as it would be unique to each lot.
12. Units in the lot: The total number of units (N) in the selected lot. A unit comprises
any container containing between 60 and 180 eggs (5 to 15 dozen).
13. Sample Size: The number of units (n) to be selected as determined by the Pre-
grade/ Nest Run Inspection Plan for the designated lot size.
14. Number of eggs examined: The number of eggs to be candled during the
inspection.

Pre-grade Inspection - Inspection Details

1. No. of Eggs: For each of the applicable quality attributes listed in the far left
column of the table, the total number of eggs in each category is recorded on the
associated line of column 15.
2. % : The number of eggs recorded for each quality attribute is converted to a
percent value. The percentage is determined by dividing the number of eggs in
 the category by the number of eggs examined and multiplying by 100. The
results should be recorded in column 16.
In order to make an assessment, the percentage is rounded to a whole number
and compared to the associated pre-grade standard listed in the adjoining
column. For example, 10.4 % cracks would be rounded to 10 and the lot would
pass for cracks. (Note: percentages for the categories Dirt >1/3 of shell and
Leakers should be rounded to the nearest one decimal place).

3. Total (No. of Eggs): The total is determined by adding the values recorded in
column 15.
4. Total (%): The total is converted to a percent value and recorded. The
percentage is determined by dividing the total number of eggs recorded in
column 15 by the number of eggs examined and multiplying by 100.
This calculated percent is rounded to the nearest whole number and compared to
the associated pre-grade standard listed in the adjoining column.

Canada Nest Run

1. No. of Eggs: For each of the applicable quality attributes listed in the far left
column of the table, the total number of eggs in the category is recorded on the
associated line of column 19.
2. % : The number recorded for each quality attribute is converted to a percent. The
percentage is determined by dividing the number of eggs in each category by the
number of eggs examined and multiplying by 100. The results should be
recorded in column 20.
In order to make an assessment, the percentage is rounded to a whole number
and compared to either the Canada Nest Run origin standard or the Canada
Nest Run destination tolerance as appropriate.

3. Origin Standard: If the inspection is conducted at the grading station (or point of
export) the origin standard is to be used to assess the sample. The check box for
column 21 is to be marked.
4. Destination Tolerance: If the inspection is conducted at a place other than where
the eggs originated (e.g.processed egg station), the destination tolerance is to be
used to assess the sample. The check box for column 22 is to be marked
5. Total (No. of eggs): The total is determined by adding the values recorded in the
rows of column 19.
6. Total (%): The total is converted to a percent value and recorded. The
percentage is determined by dividing the total number of eggs recorded in
column 19 by the number of eggs examined and multiplying by 100.
This calculated percent is rounded to the nearest whole number and compared to
the Nest Run origin or destination tolerance, as appropriate.
Haugh Unit Record (for pre-grade inspections only)

1. Egg weight: The individual weights (in grams) of each of the 20 eggs are to be
recorded in row 25.
2. Haugh Unit: The Haugh Units for each of the 20 eggs are to be recorded in row
26. Haugh Unit values are obtained using an Ames Haugh Unit micrometer (See
Appendix V for instructions on how to use a Haugh Unit micrometer). Haugh
Units should be recorded to one decimal place.
3. Average: The average Haugh Unit is determined by adding all of the Haugh Unit
values and dividing by 20 (the total number of eggs tested). The average Haugh
Unit is rounded to the nearest whole number and compared to the minimum
Haugh Unit standard of 67.

Results

1. Results: To determine if a lot passes or fails, compare the results to the standard
for each individual quality attribute as well as the total. If any attribute exceeds
the standard, the lot is rejected. If the average Haugh Unit is less than 67 for a
pre-grade inspection, the lot is rejected. The appropriate box should be checked
off (lot accepted or lot rejected).
2. Remarks:The remarks section may be used to further detail why a lot failed or to
record other pertinent information. Some examples are prominent type of crack
(impact, tension, pinholes); temperature and relative humidity of the storage
room; temperature of the eggs; prominent type of problem when inferior shells
are excessive (rough, odd shape, ridging).

4.6.6 Inspection of Inedible Egg

4.6.6.1 Control of Inedible Egg

Inedible eggs are those that are unfit for human consumption (rejects, adulterated or
contaminated) and are not eligible for grading or breaking (as defined in section 4 and
6.1 of the Egg Regulations and section 4(1) of the Processed Egg
Regulations respectively).
Inedible egg is to be stored in containers labelled as Inedible Egg - Not For Human
Consumption and Oeufs non comestibles - impropres à la consommation humaine.
Inedible egg can be denatured or non-denatured. The inspector must be aware of the
destination of all inedible product and its use.
The following inspection activities are to be carried out:

 The inspector will review records for each facility at the frequency indicated in the
annual workplans. The records at the point of origin and destination should
correspond. Where possible, the inspector should follow the product from origin
to destination and observe its use.
  Inspection results are to be recorded on an Inspection Report of Shell Eggs /
Processed Egg (CFIA/ACIA 5109 - intended for internal use). These reports are
to be kept on file.
 Additional verifications are to be conducted if the inspector suspects the product
is not being distributed and used as stated by the facility operator at origin or
destination.
 If it is found that inedible egg has not been distributed as permitted, immediate
enforcement action should be taken.

4.6.6.2 Use of Inedible Egg as Feed Ingredients

1. Where inedible egg may contain substances which could be of concern if the
product is to be used as a feed ingredient, the CFIA egg inspector(s) should
discuss the issue with CFIA Feed Inspection staff to allow them to further
evaluate the situation.
2. Where inedible egg is being used in feeding swine or poultry the egg inspector(s)
must advise their local animal health inspection counterparts. Depending upon
the circumstances, feeding inedible egg back to swine or poultry may require a
permit issued by the animal health inspector

4.6.6.3 Provincial Acts and Regulations

Provincial legislation may include requirements for the identification, denaturation and
licensing for purchasing and selling of inedible egg. This may affect CFIA egg
inspectors in provinces where MOUs exist between the province and the CFIA. In
general, the province will provide a description of the CFIA's responsibilities. Inspectors
working in provinces where MOUs exist must be aware of the provincial requirements.

4.7 Requested Inspection and Certification of

Eggs
Certification is required for exports and imports, and may be requested for
interprovincial movement or to confirm the grade of eggs. For exports and imports, see
Chapter 8 - Shell Egg - Imports and Chapter 9 - Shell Egg - Exports.
Part IV of the Egg Regulations prescribes the requirements for inspection and
certification.

4.7.1 Certification Procedure

 Section 23 of the Egg Regulations states that a person must fill out an
Application for Inspection (CFIA/ACIA 5435). The completed Application for
Inspection must be forwarded by the applicant to the CFIA 48 hours in advance
 of when the inspection is required. Advance notice is required to facilitate
scheduling for the inspection.
 The inspection is cost recoverable (see Chapter 12 - Shell Egg - Cost Recovery).
 If the lot fails, the product is detained (see Chapter 11 -Shell Egg - Enforcement
and Compliance).
 If the lot passes, complete the Certificate of Inspection/Grading (Eggs and
Poultry) (CFIA/ACIA 1022 - intended for internal use) which is valid for 5 days
from the date of inspection. The certificate is stamped with the CFIAstamp (see
Figure 1) in red ink, to the right of the inspector's signature. Each copy of the
certificate is to be stamped with the CFIA stamp using red ink.

Figure I - CFIA Stamp

 Stamping of shell egg containers will be performed upon request and the time is
not cost recoverable. If stamping is requested, it is the responsibility of the
requester to set the load up so that every display panel is visible to the inspector
for stamping. This is known as the H block setup (See Appendix VI).
The CFIA stamp will be applied to the top right hand corner of the principle
display panel of each container in a neat and legible manner.
 A copy of the completed certificate is kept by the inspector. The original is given
to the applicant.

4.8 Breaking Stock

Regulations provide for the movement of shell eggs of processing quality from one
province to another. These eggs may be ungraded or graded, including Canada Nest
Run and Canada C. They may be of Grade A quality but dye-marked with the Maple
Leaf logo on the outer container over stamped with the word dyed.
All eggs for breaking are expected to meet the grade claimed. If these eggs are
inspected, and fail to meet the grade standards, they are to be detained.
Eggs which are found with visible mould at an egg station should be sorted immediately.
The entire pallet may need to be discarded if other than a very minor amount of mould
is identified.

4.8.1 Dyed Eggs

Dyed eggs are those eggs that have been declared surplus to the table requirements
and have been purchased by the Egg Farmers of Canada (EFC). These eggs are dye-
marked at the egg station and moved to federally registered processed egg stations.
Since eggs bearing a dye mark are washed and are destined for processing, they may
be stored in either cooler.
If eggs are dyed, the dye must be on CFIA's Reference Listing of Accepted Construction
Materials, Packaging Materials and Non-Food Chemical Products or be otherwise
demonstrated by the operator to be safe for use on shell eggs. The spot of dye should
not exceed 20 mm in diameter and should be applied to the large end of the egg as per
regulation. The dye should be diluted according to manufacturer's instructions so that it
does not penetrate the shell and contaminate the egg. If the spot of dye exceeds
20 mm in diameter or the dye is not properly diluted, notify the egg station management
immediately. Eggs where the dye has penetrated the shell are considered inedible.

4.9 Packaging and Labelling

For information on packaging requirements for shell eggs, see Chapter 7 -Shell Egg -
Packaging, Marking and Labelling.

4.10 Transportation

4.10.1 Preparation of Product

 Eggs should be cooled prior to being shrink-wrapped to reduce the risk of mould
development.
 Pallets should only be shrink-wrapped immediately prior to shipping or wrapped
in a manner which allows ventilation of the product (e.g. plastic netting).
 Eggs should not be stored on the loading dock prior to shipping.

4.10.2 Transportation Vehicles

 Trucks/trailers used for transporting eggs must be capable of maintaining the
eggs in a refrigerated state. For graded eggs the ambient temperature should be
10°C, if being transported for 2 hours or more.
 Trucks must be closed to the outside environment and capable of providing
adequate protection from contamination.
 Vehicles used for transporting eggs must not have been used to transport any
product or substance which might adversely affect the eggs (e.g. chemicals, pet
food, livestock, etc. )
Appendix I - Pre-Grade and Grade Requirements
Table
Pre-grade Canada A Canada B Canada C Canada
(Lot Basis) Nest Run

Weight n/a AJS - 49 gminimum no n/a

70 g min requirements
AELS -
63 g min
ALS -
56 g min
AMS -
49 g min
ASS -
42 g min
APW - less
than 42 g

Albumen average reasonably no no n/a

Haugh Unit firm requirements requirements
67 and above

Yolk n/a indistinct distinct yolk prominent n/a

yolk outline outline yolk outline
round and moderately definitely
reasonably oblong oblong
well
centered floats freely does not
adhere to
slight degree shell
of germ membrane
development

Air Cell no more than maximum maximum no n/a

5 % with air 5 mm 9 mm requirements
cells larger
than 5 mm
Blood or n/a not not permitted maximum n/a
Meat Spots permitted 3 mm in
diameter

Dirt no more than not not permitted not permitted maximum

5 % with dirt permitted 5 % where
(excluding dirt is more
yolk) between than
160 mm2 and 160 mm2
1/3 of shell
no more than
2.5 % with
dirt
(excluding
yolk) on more
than 1/3 of
shell

Stains no more than maximum 3 maximum maximum no

5 % with stain stains total area 320 total area 1/3 requirements
covering 2 of mm2 of shell
shell maximum
total area
25 mm2

Shape maximum normal or slightly no n/a

Roughness 10 % nearly abnormal requirements
Ridges normal in
shape has rough
areas and
may have definite
rough ridges
areas and
ridges
other than
heavy
ridges

Cracks maximum not not permitted may be maximum

10 % permitted cracked, but 10 %
not leaking
Leakers maximum not not permitted not permitted maximum
2.5 % permitted 3 % including
rejects

Total Maximum n/a n/a n/a Maximum

total 15 % total 15 %

Appendix II - Random Numbers Table

20 17 42 28 23 17 59 66 38 61 02 10 86 10 51 55 92 52 44 25

74 49 04 49 03 04 10 33 53 70 11 54 48 63 94 60 94 49 57 38

94 70 49 31 38 67 23 42 29 65 40 88 78 71 37 18 48 64 06 51

22 15 78 15 69 84 35 52 32 54 15 12 54 02 01 37 38 37 12 93

93 29 12 18 27 30 30 55 91 87 50 57 58 51 49 36 12 53 96 40

45 4 77 97 36 14 99 45 52 95 69 85 3 83 51 87 85 56 22 37

44 91 99 49 89 39 94 60 48 49 06 77 64 72 59 26 8 51 25 57

16 23 91 02 19 96 47 59 89 65 27 84 30 92 63 37 26 24 23 66

04 50 65 04 65 65 82 42 70 51 55 04 61 47 88 83 99 34 82 37

32 70 17 72 03 61 66 26 24 71 22 77 88 33 17 78 08 92 73 49

3 64 59 7 42 95 81 39 6 41 20 81 92 34 51 90 39 8 21 42
62 49 0 90 67 86 93 48 31 83 19 7 67 68 49 3 27 47 52 3

61 00 95 86 98 36 14 03 48 88 51 07 33 40 06 86 33 76 68 57

89 03 90 49 28 74 21 04 09 96 60 45 22 03 52 80 01 79 33 81

01 72 33 85 52 40 60 07 06 71 89 27 14 29 55 24 85 79 31 96

27 56 49 79 34 34 32 22 60 53 91 17 33 26 44 70 93 14 99 70

49 5 74 48 10 55 35 25 24 28 20 22 35 66 66 34 26 35 91 23

49 74 37 25 97 26 33 94 42 23 1 28 59 58 92 69 3 66 73 82

20 26 22 43 88 08 18 85 08 12 47 65 65 63 56 07 97 85 56 79

48 87 77 96 43 39 76 93 08 79 22 18 54 55 93 75 97 26 90 77

8 72 87 46 75 73 0 11 27 7 5 20 30 85 22 21 4 67 19 13

95 97 98 62 17 27 31 42 64 71 46 22 32 75 19 32 20 99 94 85

37 99 57 31 70 40 46 55 46 12 24 32 36 74 69 20 72 10 95 93

5 79 58 37 85 33 75 18 88 71 23 44 54 28 00 48 96 23 66 45

55 85 63 42 00 79 91 22 29 01 41 39 51 40 36 65 26 11 78 32
67 28 96 25 68 36 24 72 3 85 49 24 5 69 64 86 8 19 91 21

85 86 94 78 32 59 51 82 86 43 73 84 45 60 89 57 6 87 8 15

40 10 60 09 05 88 78 44 63 13 58 25 37 11 17 47 75 62 52 21

94 55 89 48 90 80 77 80 26 89 87 44 23 74 66 20 20 19 26 52

11 63 77 77 23 20 33 62 62 19 29 03 94 15 56 37 14 09 47 16

64 00 26 04 54 55 38 57 94 62 68 40 26 04 24 25 03 61 01 20

50 94 13 23 78 41 60 58 10 60 88 46 30 21 45 98 70 96 36 89

66 98 37 96 44 13 45 05 34 59 75 85 48 97 27 19 17 85 48 51

66 91 42 83 60 77 90 91 60 90 79 62 57 66 72 28 08 70 96 03

33 58 12 18 02 07 19 40 21 29 39 45 90 42 58 84 85 43 95 67

52 49 40 16 72 40 73 5 50 90 2 4 98 24 5 30 27 25 20 88

74 98 93 99 78 30 79 47 96 92 45 58 40 37 89 76 84 41 74 68

50 26 54 30 01 88 69 57 54 45 69 88 23 21 5 69 93 44 5 32

49 46 61 89 33 79 96 84 28 34 19 35 28 73 39 59 56 34 97 7
16 65 13 44 78 39 73 88 62 03 36 00 25 96 86 76 67 90 21 68

64 17 47 67 87 59 81 40 72 61 14 0 28 28 55 86 23 38 16 15

18 43 97 37 68 97 56 56 57 95 1 88 11 89 48 7 42 60 11 92

65 58 60 87 51 09 96 61 15 53 66 81 66 88 44 75 37 1 28 88

79 90 31 00 91 14 85 65 31 75 43 15 45 93 64 78 34 53 88 02

7 23 00 15 59 05 16 09 94 42 20 40 63 76 65 67 34 11 94 10

90 8 14 24 1 51 95 46 30 32 33 19 0 14 19 28 40 51 92 69

53 82 62 2 21 82 34 13 41 3 12 85 65 30 0 97 56 30 15 48

98 17 26 15 04 50 76 25 20 33 54 84 39 31 23 33 59 64 96 27

8 91 12 44 82 40 30 62 45 50 64 54 65 17 89 25 59 44 99 95

37 21 46 77 84 87 67 39 85 54 97 37 33 41 11 74 90 50 29 62

Appendix III (description in 4.6.2.4 )

 Switching Rules

Appendix IV - Switching Rules Tracking Form

Ac = Accepted lot; Re = Rejected lot; *Ac = Acceptance Number
Exceeded but Rejection Number Not Reached

Switching Rules Tracking Form - AELS and JUMBO

Date No. of Units Start Level Ac/Re Lot End Level

June 24 60 N0 Ac N1

June 24 48 N1 Ac N2
July 5 60 N2 Re1 N0

July 6 35 N0 Ac N1

July 8 120 N1 Ac N2

July 8 60 N2 Ac N3

July 12 48 N3 Ac N⁵

July 12 60 N4 Ac R

July 13 240 R Ac R

July 15 120 R *Ac N0

July 15 60 N0 Ac N1

July 16 36 N1 Re1 N0

July 19 48 N0 Re2 T0

July 20 60 T0 Ac T1

July 20 60 T1 Ac T2

July 22 48 T2 Ac N0
July 23 60 N0 Ac N1

July 23 120 N1 Ac N2

July 27 120 N2 Ac N3

July 28 60 N3 Ac N4

Switching Rules Tracking Form - ALS

Date No. of Units Start Level Ac/Re Lot End Level

June 24 120 R Ac R

June 24 96 R Re1 N0

July 5 48 N0 Re1 N0

July 5 112 N0 Ac N1

July 6 48 N1 Ac N2

July 8 96 N2 Re2 T0

July 8 96 T0 Ac T1

July 12 100 T1 Ac T2
July 15 160 T2 Ac N0

July 15 96 N0 Ac N1

July 19 120 N1 Ac N2

July 23 48 N2 Ac N3

July 27 96 N3 Ac N4

July 27 96 N4 Ac R

July 28 120 R Ac R

July 28 48 R Ac R

July 28 48 R Ac R

Aug 3 96 R Ac R

Aug 3 120 R *Ac N0

Aug 3 96 N0 Ac N1

Switching Rules Tracking Form - OTHER

Date No. of Units Start Level Ac/Re Lot End Level

June 23 60 C N0 Re1 N0

June 23 25 AM N0 Ac N1

June 24 60 AS N1 Ac N2

July 5 48 B N2 Ac N3

July 6 30 PW N3 Ac N4

July 8 60 C N4 Re1 N0

July 12 60 AS N0 Ac N1

July 13 48 C N1 Ac N2

July 15 25 C N2 Re2 T0

July 15 60 AM T0 Ac T1

July 23 48 AS T1 Ac T2

July 27 60 C T2 Ac N0

July 27 60 B N0 Ac N1

July 28 60 AS N1 Ac N2
 July 28 60 AM N2 Ac N3

July 29 40 AM N3 Ac N4

July 30 36 B N4 Ac R

July 30 60 PW R Ac R

Aug 3 36 C R Re2 N0

Aug 3 24 B N0 Ac N1

Registered Egg Station : Uncle Bob's Egg Farm

Average Weekly Grading Volume : Between 50 and 3,000 boxes per week

Appendix V Instructions on Haugh Unit

Determination
Model S-8400 Haugh Unit Micrometer
B. C. Ames Co. , 78 Stone Place, Melrose, MA 02176
Telephone: (781) 893-0095 / (800) 438-4249, Fax: (781) 647-3356, www.bcames.com
The Ames Haugh Unit Micrometer is a precision instrument used for checking albumen
height of eggs. It has a special two part dial which permits you to read the Haugh unit
values directly.

1. The dial face consists of two parts. The inner part is fixed. The outer part of the
dial face is adjustable by turning the knurled rim of the Dial Indicator.
2. The inner, fixed part of the dial has 3 segmented scales printed in black and
reading in ounces per dozen (OZ/DOZ) at top of dial; in ounces per egg
(OZ/EGG) at lower right of dial; and in grams per egg (GRAMS/EGG) at lower
left of dial. The pointers or indices for these scales are small black triangles on
the inner edge of the outer dial, overprinted on the red scale.
3. The outer dial has two scales. One, printed in red, reads in tenths of a millimeter.
The other, printed in black reads in Haugh units.
 4. The indicating hand follows the movement of the micrometer spindle as it is
raised or lowered by turning the knurled knob at the top of the Indicator.

Note: Before measuring the albumen, always withdraw the spindle of the micrometer
(counter-clockwise turn of the knob), then bring it down slowly upon the albumen to be
measured by a clockwise turn of the knob.
Important: This instrument has been factory adjusted so the Indicating Hand aligns with
the graduation representing 24 OZ/DOZ when the spindle tip makes contact with a
plane, flat surface supporting the instrument. If, at some later time, the Indicating Hand
points to some other graduation under these conditions, the set screw on the neck of
the tripod should be loosened slightly and the Indicator re-positioned vertically to re-
establish the previous Hand alignment. Then the set screw should be firmly tightened.

General procedure to determine Haugh units:

1. Weigh eggs to be tested. For speed in operation, sort the eggs into groups of like
weights. By grouping the eggs according to common weights, it is necessary to
adjust the dial for weight differences only between the measurements taken for
each group. Weight may be determined in ounces per dozen, (OZ/DOZ), ounces
per egg (OZ/EGG) or grams per egg (GRAMS/EGG), as the operator desires.
The 3 scales on the inner part of the dial may be used interchangeably by using
the index and scale desired.
2. Set the index for the weight of the first group of eggs to be tested by twisting the
knurled rim of the Indicator.
3. Break out the first egg on a plane, flat surface.
4. Retract the spindle of the micrometer by a counter-clockwise turn of the
micrometer knob.
5. Place the micrometer over the egg, being careful to place it so the legs do not
pierce any part of the firm albumen envelope.
6. By sliding the micrometer, position the spindle over the firm albumen about mid-
way between the yolk and edge of the envelope and bring the stem down
SLOWLY by a clockwise turning of the Indicator knob. Watch the tip of the
spindle and the albumen closely. The proper reading is obtained when the
albumen appears to snap up to the specially designed tip of the spindle. Stop
twisting the knob promptly when this occurs.
7. Read the Haugh unit value directly from the position of the Indicating hand on the
outermost scale (printed in black), each division of the black scale equals 1
Haugh unit.
8. Wipe the spindle with a clean cloth or tissue after each use. Retract the spindle
and the instrument is ready for use again.

The micrometer may also be used as an ordinary spherometer by placing the index
marked set at 24 OZ/DOZ and reading height of firm albumen (or of any other object
placed on a plane surface) on the red scale. Each division of the red scale equals
0.1 mm.
Guidelines for Haugh Unit Measurement
1. Comparable results can be obtained only if uniform procedures are used.
2. The use of a breaking knife to break the shell is preferable, since blunt edges
such as table edges may cause splintering of the shell with the possibility of
puncturing the thick white. Care must be taken in using the breaking knife so that
the thick white is not ruptured.
3. At the time of breaking, the egg should be held as near to the glass as possible
and the contents emptied very gently from the shell.
4. When the envelope of thick white is firmly attached to the shell membrane
(usually in the small end) rupture of the thick white can usually be prevented by
slowly raising the half shell.
5. A section of the shell may be left in contact if it does not interfere with the
reading.
6. Albumen heights should be measured immediately after breaking, therefore,
break one egg at a time. A delay of a few minutes can make a significant
difference in the Haugh unit reading.
7. Check the micrometer before using. Set it on the glass and turn the spindle down
until it touches the surface of the glass. The micrometer indicator should read
zero. This should be repeated from time to time, to ensure that the micrometer is
properly adjusted.
8. The micrometer reading must be taken on a flat area on the surface of the widest
expanse of the thick white.
9. Eggs with very high albumen will not have a flat surface. In such cases, a point
about halfway between the yolk and the edge of the widest expanse of thick
white should be selected to measure the Haugh unit.
10. Measurements should be taken so as to avoid measuring areas over air bubbles
or chalaza.
11. The spindle should be rolled down slowly until it just makes contact with the
surface of the albumen. After the reading is measured, the spindle should be
raised and cleaned before re-using.
12. Albumen heights should not be recorded when the thick white has been
mechanically ruptured or when the yolk membrane is ruptured from any cause.