Professional Documents
Culture Documents
V3N4
V3N4
V3N4
A S ERV IC E PUBL•CATIOt>I OF LOCKHEfO ·GEO n Gr...\ COMPANY. A DIVIS ION O F LOCKHEED t\ IACAAFT CORPORATION
••
....
- ·-
..- -
r
1- '
=--- L
-
\
.~
Editor StarTips
Jay V. Roy
11 Starter Servicing
Associate Editors
Don H. Hungate 15 Safety Wire for Hercules
James A. Loftin MLG Torque Tube Yoke Assembly
PRODUCT SUPPORT
DIRECTOR T.J. CLELAND
New
more reliable APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) which is identi-
fied on C-130H aircraft as GTCP85-180L. and on the
L-100 series aircraft as GTCP85-185L. AiResearch, the
same manufacturer that provided the GTC for previous
Hercules, also supplies the new APU.
Figure 1
Figure 2 A U X I L I A R Y P O W E R U N I T C O M P O N E N T LOCATIONS
Although there are many similarities between the former and stopping the APU; and the other to energize circuits
GTC system and the new APU, there are also some im- to open or close the bleed air valve.
portant differences. Let’s take a brief look at the major
components and operation of this new APU. (Reference Electrical loads on the generator are controlled from the
Figure 2.) overhead electrical control panel, which includes a manual
control switch for the APU generator.
APU Control Panel
Three indicator lights are located on the APU control
The APU control panel is located in the flight station panel. They are:
4
overhead control panel. (Reference Figure 3 .) Tacho-
meter and temperature gages have been added for moni- DOOR OPEN - When illuminated, this light indicates a
toring the speed and temperature of the APU. Although response to the start circuit, and that the air intake
engine operation is automatic, you can decrease the load door is at least partially open.
or turn off the APU if the instruments indicate a problem
that could cause permanent damage. START - Illuminates after door opens and the auto-
matic start is initiated - Extinguishes when speed
Two toggle switches are located on the APU control exceeds 35% RPM.
panel : one to energize the circuits for starting, running,
ON SPEED - Illuminates when the APU is operating
above 95% RPM - Indicates that the APU is ready for
Figure 3 service to the pneumatic and electrical systems.
APU CONTROL PANEL ON THE OVERHEAD ANTI-ICING
CONTROL PANEL
SWITCH
COMPRESSOR AIR
ACTUATING
FROM OVERSPEED
LEVER
TEST SOLENOID VALVE
OIL
SEAL
INPUT
FLYWEIGHT
SUPPORT
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR
Figure 4
CENTRIFUGAL SPEED SWITCH SCHEMATIC
The second-stage discharge air is directed into the turbine circuits in the APU controls are deenergized, the fuel valve
plenum. Here some of the air is bled off through the closes and the APU shuts down.
bleed air duct located on the turbine plenum to provide
air for the Hercules pneumatic systems. The combination Fuel Control
bleed air shutoff and load control valve is located in this Operation of the fuel system is fully automatic. The fuel
duct. control unit, with input from the pneumatic thermostat,
protects the turbine from overtemperature during starting
and during on-speed operation without a bleed load.
A relatively large diameter exhaust pipe leads forward in
Under bleed load operation, the pneumatic thermostat
the APU compartment, and then turns 180’ up and aft to
operation is automatically shifted to the bleed air shutoff
exit about seven feet above ground level. Near this exit a
and load control valve.
section of the pipe is enlarged to form a ring shaped open-
ing for jet pump action which aids in ventilating and cool- During on-speed operation of the APU, the fuel flow is
ing the APU compartment. varied so that the power developed by the turbine equals
EXHAUST
CENTRIFUGAL
SWITCH
BLEED A I R V A L V E
SWITCH
ENERGIZED
THERMOSTAT
-
GASES
COMPRESSOR
DISCHARGE
-
L
AIR
EXHAUST
FLANGE
PIPE
SELECTOR
SOLENOID VALVE
ON SPEED
RELAY ACCELERATION
LIMITER VALVE
ENERGIZED SOLENOID
SOLENOID
\ 1 I
SWITCHER
VALVE
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR
VEN
METERING VALVE
ACTUATOR
DIAPHRAGM
CONNECTION TO
COMPRESSOR
DISCHARGE
DIAPHRAGM
BLEED DUCT
EXHAUST VALVE
t
( SL E E V E)
BEARING
HIGH
PRESSURE COO LI NG
FILTER FAN-
FILTER
BYPASS
VALVE
REGULATING
VALVE
OIL PUMP NG
ASSY
SURE
URE
OIL
OIL VENT
Figure 7 LUBRICATING OI L SYSTEM
A micronic paper, oil filter element is located downstream Starting and Running the APU
of the pressure pump. A filter bypass valve allows ade-
quate flow in case the filter element becomes clogged to Before starting the APU and during its run, make sure a
the point of restricting oil flow; and is set to open at fire guard is at hand, and that all equipment and personnel
approximately 55 PSI differential pressure. (Reference are clear of the area around the APU. Especially avoid the
Figure 7.) exhaust outlet and the planes of rotation of the turbine
and compressor blades. Ensure that foreign objects will
Oil Pressure Switches not enter the air intake.
Two oil pressure switches are utilized in the operation and Head the airplane into the wind if there is a likelihood
control of the APU: the oil-pressure sequencing switch that exhaust gas will be blown into the air intake. The use
and door-control oil-pressure switch. of ground support, external DC power, is preferable to a
battery start if the equipment is available. Set electrical
The oil-pressure sequencing switch completes circuits to controls accordingly. Ensure that the lubricating oil level
the fuel solenoid shutoff valve, and to the ignition exciter is to the full mark; that there is a minimum of 2000
when the lubricating oil pressure reaches 2.5 to 3.5 PSIG. pounds of fuel in the No. 2 main tank; and drain the fuel
This sequence prevents starting the engine without lubri- strainer sump.
cation; it also ensures motoring speed to produce ade-
quate airflow for combustion before fuel is introduced Circuit breakers to be closed are: APU Control, APU
and ignition is initiated. The oil-pressure sequencing Start, Door Warning, and Touchdown Relay. The APU
switch will automatically shut down the APU if loss of BLEED AIR VALVE switch should be in the CLOSE
lubrication oil pressure occurs. position and the APU generator switch turned off.
The air-intake-door actuator circuit includes the door con- On the preflight inspection, the air intake opening should
trol oil pressure switch. This switch completes the circuit be inspected for foreign material with the door open.
to automatically close the door when the oil pressure This can be accomplished by placing the APU control
decreases to approximately 20 PSI during APU shutdown. switch in the RUN position which allows the door to open
Position the bleed air valve switch to CLOSE and the APU Fire Emergency Handle
generator switch to OFF. After allowing the EGT to
stabilize at approximately 320°C, position the APU con- A fire warning detector is located in the APU compart-
trol switch to STOP. The APU stops before the intake ment along with the emergency fire extinguishing system.
door closes to prevent negative pressure buildup which When the APU fire emergency handle is pulled, all DC
could collapse the intake ducts. The intake door starts to power is removed from the APU control circuit. At the
close after oil pressure decreases to approximately 20 PSI, same time, a circuit is established to close the APU inlet
which occurs at about 18% RPM. Lights on the APU door the same way as during normal shutdown. The fuel
control panel extinguish after the door is closed. shutoff valve closes, immediately shutting off the fuel
supply to the APU.
APU Overspeed Protection
APU Start in Flight
Should some abnormal conditions cause the APU to over-
speed 110% RPM, the APU is automatically shut down. The APU is started in flight only in an emergency; such as,
When the centrifugal switch moves to the more than 110% all the main engine-driven generators dropping off the
RPM position, the following relays are deenergized: line.
Fuel Holding Relay (fuel is shut off) While the Hercules is in flight, the touchdown switch
On-speed relay (DC power removed from control cir- circuit prevents the flow of current from the battery to
cuit) the essential bus. However, battery current is supplied to
the APU starter motor from the isolated bus when the
Door control relay (latch type: open - door closes)
APU control switch is positioned to START. The APU
APU fuel valve relay (fuel supply is shut off) controls, starter motor, and door actuator are powered
10
Specifications
Operation, inspection and maintenance instructions are
available in the various technical manuals for commercial
and military operators. These manuals should be referred
to for complete specifications and instructions.
11
A recent request from the field brought to our attention in the screw head during application of high torque since
that in many cases there is very little information available there is no camming surface tending to force the bit out
on Torq-Set* screws and their installation/removal tools. of the recess.
As these fasteners are used in the JetStar, Galaxy, and - to
a limited extent - in the Hercules, we are providing the The basic design for Torq-Set* screws is given in
following information. We hope it proves helpful. MS33781, Military Design Standard; “Recess-Torq-Set*,
Dimensions of Recess, Gage and Driver for”. This
Why Torq-Set*? document is for standardizing basic dimensions and does
not identify individual screws by part numbers. National
The distinctive cross recess of the Torq-Set* fastener was Aerospace Standard (NAS) drawings give complete details
developed for screws requiring very high installation on individual screws and assign part numbers.
torque. The Torq-Set* recess is designed so that each
driving wall is on a radius of the screw. The fact that the A Word of Caution
removal wall is not on a radius is compensated for to some
degree by its substantially increased area. These two Through observation if not experience mechanics in the
factors permit the use of a thicker screwdriver bit without aerospace industry have discovered how difficult removing
an increase in the overall size of the recess. The walls of a machine screw can be if someone has used the wrong
the recess are not tapered. Thus, the driver remains seated screwdriver in the screw head.
*Torq-Set is a registered trade mark of Phillips international Co.,
Division of Phillips Screw Co.
Previous Page Table of Contents Next Page
Torq-Set* screws look deceivingly enough like other cross In Figure 1, the numbers in the first column are the
recess types that someone not familiar with them might standard screw sizes most commonly found in aircraft.
be tempted to use just any cross-point screwdriver - The second column tells you the hex size of the bit and
Don’t! In addition to using the correct type driver, do not the size that the hex socket must be to accommodate the
underestimate the importance of using the correct size bit.
Torq-Set* bit for the size of Torq-Set* screw in use.
The next four columns are driver bit part numbers. The
first of these are the dash numbers to the Lockheed
Standard Tool Series Number 291B-400. Next are listed
part numbers for three other suppliers. The U.S. Federal
PHILLIPS REED AND PRINCE TORQ-SET* Stock Numbers are in the last column.
Screws designed for high installation torque values will
NOTE: There are, no doubt, other suppliers. Data for
almost certainly be damaged by a tool that doesn’t fit.
the ones we list happened to be readily available to us.
Think about the experience of drilling out a screw and the
subsequent problems if you are tempted to make do with
The first four digits in a Federal Stock Number (FSN) are
the wrong tool.
the classification number and,in most cases, this number is
the same for items that will fall into a specific
Here Are the Tools
classification. Most of the Torq-Set* tools listed have the
Reports from some areas say that part numbers for the number 5120 as the first (classification) number in the
desired tools are not readily available. The tables provided FSN. However, a few of the bits have the number 5130.
here include part numbers for Torq-Set* tools necessary The numbers following identify the sizes, not by a
for the most commonly used screw sizes. predetermined pattern, but by arbitrary assignment.
13
Figure 3
0 268P-o
1 1-1/4 3
-1
STOCK NO.
5120-528-2891
5120-528-2892
5120-331-5502
ADAPTERS
I
l/4 l/4 I l-l /4 5120-735-4805 SC-l 08
l/4 7/l 6 1 -203-9618 -114
3/8 l/4 l-l /2 -062-3372 -308
3/8 7/l 6 l-l /4 -203-9619 -314
l/2 7/l 6 l-3/8 -565-9751 -514
l/2 5/8 l-l / 2 -203-9620 HE-3320
Caution should be exercised in the use of power TORQ-SET” SCREWS USED ON THE HERCULES
screwdrivers. The time saved by these tools can be more
TORQ-SET ,
than offset by the damage they can do if one gets out of SCREW
INSTALLATlON
control. Electric power tools are doubly hazardous NAS 1101 AIR CONDITIONING FLIGHT DECK
14 because of the possibility of sparks and shocks. Air NAS 1102 SCOOP, AIR CONDITIONING FLIGHT DECK
powered tools are safer but require experience and TRANSDUCER ELEVATOR, HORIZONTAL
caution to avoid damage to the screw recess. STABILIZER MOD
The following partial listing gives the NAS numbers for TRANSDUCER AILERON, OUTER WING MOD
the most commonly used Torq-Set* screws: FAIRING LH MLG WHEEL WELL
T he new JetStar II issho\vn taking o ff fo r its first fl ight on August 18 , 1976. which \Vas
th e sraft o f a co1tlp rehensive flight test p l'o9r<1n1. Altho ugh the Je tSta r 11 retains t hose
system and design features pro ven through timo and service. it also in corpo ra tes nC\v
technological advances to 1>rovide a quiel.er, r11ore econon1ic.al and efficient airplane.