Content

Introduction
What is E-paper
Construction of E-paper
Working
Properties
Comparison of E-paper & LCD
Advantages
Dis-advantages
Apllication
Future Scope
Conclusion
Introduction
E-Paper is also called Electronic Paper or
Electronic ink Display.
It is a display unit.
E-Paper is flexible.
The first E-paper is developed in 1974’s by
Nicholas K Sheridon at Xerox’s Palo Alto
Research centre.
E-Paper have a wide viewing angle.
A digital pen is also used to create
handwritten document.
What is E-Paper ?
It reflect light like ordinary paper.
It is capable of holding text and images.
It is flexible while using plastic materials
and electronics.
E-Paper is an electronic ink display unit.
It is more comfortable to read than
conventional display.
A wider viewing angle.
It can read directly from sunlight without
fading images.
Light weight and durable.
Low power consumption.
Construction of E-Paper
The front plane consist of E-ink.
The back plane consist of electronic circuits.
It has two different parts.
o Front plane.
o Back plane.
To form an E-ink electronic display the ink
is printed onto a plastic film that is
laminated to a layer of circuitry.
Back plane layout
Rubber Stamped Plastic
Circuitry For
Electronic paper
Working
GYRICON
The first Gyricon E-ink developed in 1974s
by “Nick Sheridon” at Xerox.
It based on a thin sheet of flexible plastic
containing a layer of tiny plastic beads each
encapsulated in oil and it rotate freely.
Each hemisphere of a bead has different
colour and different electric charge.
Electric field is applied the beads are
rotate,creat two coloured pattern.
Paper window system
overview
 This method have some limitations.
1. Low brightness and resolution.
2. Lack of color.
Other form of E-ink with improve properties
compared to Gyricon is Electrophorestic.
Electrophorestic
Electrophorestic frontplane consist of
millions of micro capsules.
Each approximately 100 microns in dia.
Each micro capsule is filled with a clear fluid
containing positivaly charged white particle
and black particle.
How Electronic Ink Works:-Basically , this form of
e-paper is created by sandwiching millions of tiny
plastic wells between two sheets of flexible
plastic.
Each well contains both white and black particles,
suspended within a clear fluid.
The key to this technology is that the white and
black particles have opposite charges,so when an
electric voltage is applied to individual
wells-through circuitry embedded underneath-the
black and white particles can be separated to
opposite sides.
In this way, the face-up sides of each well
can be set to appear either as black or white
as seen through the top layer of clear
plastic.
Each well functions as a separate pixel on
the E ink display.
The disadvantage of this technology is it
take time for the particle to move from one
side to another.
Charged particle
distribusion
Properties
Eliminates the cost of the battery,weight
and volume of the battery holder.
Can be made into almost any shape.
Can be integrated on almost any surface.
Low cost and simple to produce, using
printing process.
Environmentally friendly, non-caustic, no
possibility of explosion, burns, or
overheating.
Comparison of e-paper &
LCD
Electronic ink Liquid Crystal
dispaly display
▪ Wide viewing angle Best image only
from one position

▪ Black on paper Gray on gray

white
▪ Readable in sunlight Can be difficult to
see
▪ Holds image without Required power to
power drain hold images
Comparison of e-paper &
LCD
Electronic ink display Liquid Crystal
Display

Plastic or glass Glass only

Light Weight power supply and

glass make LCDs
relatively heavy

Thin (~1 mm) Thick (~7 mm)

Advantages
Paper-like Readability.
Ultra-Low power consumption.
Clarity.
Reduced Eyestrain.
Mobile Display solution.
Hypertext.
Multimedia Information.
Include Graphics.
Inexpensive.
Dis-advantages
Very low switching speed
Electrochemical complexity
Slow response to change
Too slow for video
Problems in extremes temperatures,
humidity
Applications

Electronic Book.
Electronic Newspaper.
Mobile display.
Computer monitor.
Future of E-Paper
The E-Paper is a Flexible display.
It is easy to use.
E-Paper can communicate satellite or other
computers easily.
Conclusion

Researches found that in just few years this

technology can replace paper in many
situations, leading us to think of a truly
paperless world.