New Era University

No.9 Central Avenue, New Era

Quezon City 1107, Philippines

Perpetual issues political will and the car industry

An analysis of traffic management

INTRODUCTION

Perpetual Traffic is one of the main problems in our Society so we conduct this Research

to help to find solution to this problem, Government has a part with this study how they take

action the ones how Commit Violation how their officers process some paper work are they

able to help the Community or the People inside the community are they Planning to make

our Country better by working some Roads, Trains, and some Barangay Roads, the limited

space of the road achieving maximum capacity that make a Traffic Jam, and we also need

the cooperation of some car industry here in our community are they able to have some

contribution to help some traffic issue here in the Philippines. What some of their

qualification to some individual who wants to own a car or vehicle Parking is other problem

even Car industries are they able to ask their costumer if they had some parking garage to

make sure that car won’t cause some blocking in their community it’s just some of the

problem that make our country worse and it’s making our living conflict.

BACKGROUND STUDY

The main problem of the traffic is lack of infrastructure that cause traffic congestion

specially in Metro Manila, but it can be easily solved just by constructing roads but road

widening will affect the people who lives besides the roads. The other problem is the

houses taking the gutter as a part of their house, it can cause people forced to use the
way of vehicles. And the illegal parking, it can cause traffic because it’s taking one lane

needs to be clear so the flow of cars will not be slowed down. The public utility vehicles

that don’t follow the “No loading and unloading zone” it can cause traffic because they

stop wherever they want and they will call passengers even if its illegal in that place, the

other one is the illegal settlements or vendors even if they cause traffic they don’t stop

even if its illegal. The number of vehicles continues to increase but the road are hardly

increased. Philippines is now among fastest-growing economies in asia, which means

more Filipinos can buy cars, the low interest and easy access to credits catches the eyes

of the people so many people can afford it. Some buy cars for their business like delivery

vans or public utility vehicles

the History of Traffic Management System started in 1972 to centrally control the

freewaysystem in the Twin Cities metro area. The Traffic Management System aims to

providemotorists with a faster, safer trip on metro area freeways by optimizing the use

ofavailable freeway capacity, efficiently managing incidents and special events,

providingtraveler information, and providing incentives for ride sharing. (The

MinnesotaDepartment of Transportation)Cities and traffic have developed hand-in-hand

since the earliest large humansettlements. The Same forces that draw inhabitants to

congregate in large urban areasalso lead to sometimes intolerable levels of traffic

congestion on urban streets. Cities arethe powerhouses of economic growth for any

country. According to Bartone et al. (1994),around eighty percent of Gross Domestic

Product (GDP) growth in developing countriesis expected to come from cities. For the

purpose of economic activities, it is imperativeto facilitate movements. Transportation

system provides the way for movements andmedium for reaching destinations.

Inadequate transportation system hampers economicactivities and creates hindrances for

development. In most of the developing countrieswhich are overburdened by rising

 population and extreme poverty, increasing economicactivities and opportunities in the

cities result in rapid increase in urban population andconsequent need for transportation

facilities. Authorities in these countries often fail tocope with the pressure of increasing

population growth and economic activities in the 2 cities, causing uncontrolled expansion

of the cities, urban sprawl, traffic congestion andenvironmental

degradation.Transportation and property are important in physical and economic

development oftowns and cities all over the world. Property and land values tend to

increase in areaswith expanding transportation networks, and increase less rapidly in

areas without suchimprovements. Rapid and continued rise in housing and land prices are

expected in citieswith transportation improvements and rapid economic and population

growth (Goldberg,1970).Man, nations, regions and the world would be severely limited in

development withouttransportation, which is a key factor for physical and economic growth

(Oyesiku, 2002).Transportation systems and land use are interdependent. Indeed findings

of earlierstudies indicate compelling and consistent connections amongst them (Ewing

andCervero, 2001; Polzin, 2004).

Review of related literature

Dynamic shortest path finding problems are a subset of dynamic transportation
problems including dynamic traffic assignment, dynamic fleet management, etc. The
term “dynamic” is also called “online” or “real-time,” which means the problem-related
solutions are time-dependent. A shortest path problem is a problem of finding the
shortest path from one source point to every other node in a directed graph in which
each link has a particular weight. Every node and link stands for street intersection and
road segment respectively. Yen (2010) split the shortest path algorithms into the
following three groups. 1- Finding the shortest path from a particular point to every other
node in a directed network. 2- Finding the shortest path between all pairs of the nodes
in the directed network. 3- Finding the short path between two particular nodes. This
group is the most popular in the transportation area

“Using big data is one of the potential solutions to the challenges faced by our
transport systems. Through this we can provide accurate, real-time information for
initiatives that can help alleviate traffic congestion and improve road safety,” said DOTC
Secretary Joseph Emilio A. Abaya.

Moreover the survey points to a critical issue with regard to the inadequate
institutional setup of cities in transport planning and traffic management, wherein there
is mismatch among agencies and/or there is a lack of clear assignment of key functions.
This issue must be dealt with as the first step in any capacity-building program.
Afterwards, the target(s) for improvement will be identified more explicitly and efforts will
be focused towards personnel who are in the best position to effect improvements in
how the city deals with transport and traffic issues. Likewise, included in the capacity
building program is the allocation of budget and provision of necessary equipment and
facilities in support of transport planning and traffic management. The results of the
needs assessment of this paper further supported the equal importance of not only
coming up with academic research in transport and traffic management but also on
exploring the institutional and capacity building aspects of the former. Academic
research should be supported institutionally and appropriate capacity building
framework for local cities should likewise be present. Finally, this paper, which is
empirical in nature, provided a practical approach in assessing local cities in terms of
understanding their transport planning and traffic management needs and how to
develop programs towards improving the capacity of local cities in addressing those
needs. The approach employed in this study can be replicated in other developing
countries with similar concer(Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation
Studies, Vol. 7, 2009)

This part deals on the findings made from articles, and other magazinesrelated to
present study. Strengthens my study as my guide in arrived afactual solution of the
problem. Traffic management is a term used toembody the undertaken by the highways
transportation agency to improveroad way system safety, efficiency and effectiveness
for both providers andconsumers of transportation services. There are two distinct types
of trafficmanagement. The first one utilizes traditional traffic engineering tools orsimple
devices to regulate traffic control. The second relies more on advanced technology
through the use Intelligent Transportation System(ITS)

In the Philippines, there are several government agencies which dealswith the
traffic management These agencies includes the Metro ManilaDevelopment Authority
(MMDA), Development of Transportation andCommunications (DOTC), Department of
Public Works and Highways(DPWH), Traffic Engineering Center, Philippine National
Police- TrafficManagement Group, and the Land Transportation Office (LTO).
Accordingto Lidasan as mentioned in the news report, poor coordination
amonggovernment agencies occurs since their function and responsibilities
oftenoverlap. Moreover, even if policy making and implementation orenforcement were
assigned in the specific agencies, this organizationusually disregard or bypass one
another in the performance of theirfunctions. The following paragraphs further identify
the key roles of thedifferent agencies for an effective traffic management
The responsibility for road construction and maintenance is dividedbetween
DPWH national roads and LGUs for Local roads. The DPWH TrafficEngineering Center
has taken the responsibility for road planning thatrequires traffic engineering. DOTC is
in charge regulating vehicle fleet and driver licensing through its Land Transportation
Office. The LandTransportation Franchising Regulatory Board regulates public transport
services and fares. DOTC also plans the extensions to Metro Manila‘s rail system
through the light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) and the PhilippineNational
Railways.Responsibilities for traffic management, however, should not just berelied
upon the government agencies but a collaborative effort among thepolicy makers,
implementers as well as ordinary people- even children inthe grade school to senior
citizen. In the Philippines, poor educationgeneral misconception, and a low level of road
safety impact only in vehicleowners. But the fact that everybody who uses streets;
pedestrians,motorist, peddlers, and beggars, all of us must realize that has strike in
theissue. The lack of road safety knowledge and the lack of discipline to applyour
knowledge exact a straggling cost of lost lives: limbs and economicopportunities. Every
citizen has to be educated about the road safety rulesand signs. Narsico D. Santiago III
has filed house bill 4745 which aim tohave a separate subject integrated in the grade
school and high schoolcurricula that includes the teaching of road traffic safety and
signs sinceyoung people are the easiest to train.
Gendreau et al. (2006) developed an algorithm for a pick-up and delivery problem in
which vehicles travel at a constant velocity in regard to new request locations that uses
heuristic and numerical calculations to minimize the expected system time. Their
numerical results show the benefits of such techniques in real-time situation.
Taniguchi and Shimamoto (2004) cited a comprehensive planning strategy for dynamic
routing of traffic in a city. They proposed a routing system, which uses a routing
algorithm based on the ant colony optimization algorithm. This algorithm follows the
behavior of living ants that lay pheromone trail on the ground in order to find shortest
way from the nest toward the food location. In their proposed model pheromone is a
time function related to the vehicles that travel across the networks. The time function
can be affected by congestion. Each node has a probability table in which there are
entries for each neighboring node that can be reached via one connecting link, therefore
the probabilities influence the driver's selection of the next route. Each time the driver
will be notified about next route (node) and this process is repeated until the driver
reaches his destination. In Taniguchi and Shimamoto’s model congestion can be
detected using detectors and since its algorithm is based on the ant colony it takes a
long time to find the shortest route.
Some of the research efforts (e.g., Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis, 1991; Frank, 1969; Loui,
1983; Ji, 2005) focused on stochastic shortest path problems on static road network.
The stochastic shortest path problem is a generalization where either the network isn't
completely known to the driver, and each link is associated with a probability of
independently being in the network, while in deterministic process the weight associated
with each link is known. Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis (2001) defined a stochastic shortest
path problem in which each node has a transition matrix consisting of probability
distributions over the set of successor nodes so as to reach the destination node with
the minimum expected cost. Moreover, Frank (2002) applied shortest-path probability
distributions in graphs in which the weights associated with each link are replaced with
their expected values; subsequently Loui (2001) improved this model by using a “utility
function” to determine the optimal path.
Similarly, Kanoulas et al. (2006) developed another method based on the A* algorithm
to find the fastest paths on a road network with speed patterns for any time interval. For
example, it can find the shortest path for a person who wants to go to work sometime
between 7:00 and 7:45 AM. In their proposed method each day belongs to exactly one
category; workday or non-workday and for the days in the same category a road
segment has the same speed at the same time of the day. However, they assumed that
speed on each street segment is piecewise constant. In addition, Ding et al (2008)
studied a time dependent shortest path problem in which a graph (or a road network)
has an edge-delay function (travel time function) associated with each edge. They
proposed a new Dijkstrabased algorithm to find the least total travel time.
DOTC 2005 Transport Summit (May 2005) The assembly of public utility jeepneys,
buses,truckers and haulers, taxis, AUVs and personnel fromthe government sector was
convened to address thetraffic issues arising in Metro Manila.The ensuing discussions
focused mainly on the issuesregarding franchising, namely the delays in theLTFRB
registration procedures, enforcement problems of the transport sector, heavy traffic
flows,worsening Manila traffic jams and governmentassistance in the form of subsidy to
the public sector.The Summit provided proposals ranging from GSISapproved
provisions in insurance, revision of someRepublic Acts, Deregulation of Oil Prices,
Agenciesissuing tickets when infractions are made.Finally the summit pinpointed
common grounds forcompromise and collated the proposals for study
andimplementation
MMUTIS Technical Report No. 10 TrafficManagement (November 1997) The Technical
Report presents the results of the studyon traffic management in the study area.
Theobjectives of the study specific to traffic managementare to review of the existing
traffic management inMetro Manila as well as the identification of problems and issues
related to traffic management.This study also aims for the development of
futureimprovement directions of traffic management and toformulate traffic management
measuresrecommended.Based on the results preceding works, problems andissues are
identified and discussed. Finally, futuredirection of traffic management policy is
presentedand measures to improve the current trafficconditions as well as traffic
management capabilitiesare recommended

He main objective of the study was to impart onLGUs the ability to formulate
measures that maybesmall-scale, but with big impacts on traffic conditionsin their
respective jurisdictions, and would be wellwithin their financial capabilities to implement.
It presented its findings on the various identified traffic problem areas, their assessment
of the institutionalaspects of traffic management, and the recommendedimprovement
measures for the traffic problem areasincluded in the study. A second component of this
isa Draft Traffic Management Code that the LGUs maywish to follow in enacting their
own trafficordinance Small Scale Traffic Improvement Measures for Metro Manila
(SSTRIMM) (November 2001)
Royeca (2010) pointed out a lot of arguments on why Filipinos should not be easily
accused of not being disciplined, but for this study we will only focus on his argument
concerning traffic education. He stated that we Filipinos are never given sufficient traffic
education at any educational level, such as traffic sign orientation and how to read
traffic lights. This lack of traffic education by the government has caused us to only
learn through observation which has created abundant misconceptions about traffic
rules and regulations. The government has the responsibility of teaching the people
about the proper behaviors of law abiding citizen, and the government should never
lose the incentive to perform what is expected of it. A city’s local governing body is more
obliged to these responsibilities since the overall image of a city is determined by both
the people and what is observed in the surroundings.

Theoretical framework
 Conceptual framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

 The car population

 People behavior in traffic
Car Industry
 Road adjustments
 Rules and regulations Traffic Management
 Community unity
 Navigations planning
 Community cooperation

As you can see the traffic management have a relationship with this variables , this variables

are the one’s who can affect the problem of the industry especially in the car traffic

management .

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study focus on ‘’The problem of the society perpetual issues of government about car

industry in analysis of traffic management. Traffic congestion has been one of the fundamental

problems faced by modern citiessince the wide usage of automobiles. Just a normal few minutes

trip to the conveniencestore may take up to half an hour due to traffic jam or slowdown. According

to the police,congestions are actually the causes of some issues like road rage, road bullies and

majoraccidents.The small road capacity is also one of the contributing factors. As the number of

privatecars increases greatly over the years, traffic congestion occurs when the needed

roadcapacity is not fulfilled. Simple improvements of the road infrastructure can easily solvedthis

problem. Since congestion occurs frequently in the cities, local government municipalcan consider
passing laws on restricting the number of car owned in a family. This methodis in fact, workable

and effective.

Null Hyphothesis

 The causes of traffic congestion has nothing to do with traffic management.

 The factors affecting the traffic have nothing to do in government implementations about

.traffic rules.

 People who’s disobeying the traffic law does not have relationship in traffic congestions.

 The government and traffic management has no relation in traffic crisis.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study was undertaken to give solutions and ease the traffic problem in Manila

because of the apparent issue of mass transport problems happening in the country.

Through this study, it will benefit the following:

Commuters will benefit from this because they will get to their destination immediately

and efficiently

Roads because cars and a lot of transportation cars will get to their destination

immediately without any hassle

Government through this study they will provide better service for the benefit of the

community .

Environment will be cleaner without the pollution from the car that releases carbon

emission
 Ambulance will benefit from this because they will be able to arrive at the hospital earlier

than they imagined.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The researchers of the study provided the operational definition or meaning of the

following terms based on the usage of the words in this study.

Traffic Management is a key branch within logistics. It concerns the planning, control and

purchasing of transport services needed to physically move vehicles.

Car a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation

Political Will the determination of an individual political actor to do and say things

that will produce a desired outcome.

Government the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a

state.

Public Transport is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems

available for use by the general public.

Traffic consists of road users including pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles,

streetcars, buses and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public

way for purposes of travel.

Highways is a busy road with many lanes. Highways are usually the quickest route for

driving between one city and another.