“yin lternaionslsandar was developed im aocordace with nerndonity resus 4 principis oa sandardization established in the Desslon os fxinepics (we seat sano ce a Macnee Wor Tee Orgtion Tinnt Hors 6 Fae =) Cowl Designation: C136/C136M - 14 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates’ “This sand sod under he xed esgntin C16/C136M the umber immesutely folowing the designation indices the Year ea et a tisens of enh yea of fat revs A amber in sees ses he ur of AMON Sear ato acts ane cange sce te lst revision or respprova This standards een approved for we by agencies ofthe US. Department of fess : . A. Scope” 1.1. This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving. 112 Some specifications for aggregates which reference this test method contain grading requirements including both Coarse and fine fractions, Instructions are included for sieve analysis of such aggregates. 1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The Values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining, values from the two systems may result in non conformance with the standard. ‘Now I--Siee size i Ident by its standard designation in Specie fiona Eli. The allerative designation given in parentheses js for Feretadon only aod des not epreseat a dilent standard seve size, ‘Spechenon ELL cites te fllowing with respect to S1 ani Peirinoand units as standard, “The values sated in SI units shall be deer Bere standard for he dimensions of he sieve cloth openings ané the soeeifametes used inthe sieve cloth. The values stated in inch-pound Si cod and wt red ee oe as 14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this standard to establish appro- priate sajery and health practices and determine the applica bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2, Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: ‘C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m (No. 200) ‘Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing C105 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag~ sregates This tot mathod is under the jaadcion of ASTM Commitee 009 om Cons und Comat Aguregates as ths direct resposibity of Subsomites {Cb220 on Normal Welt Aggreges ‘Carat ction approved Dee I 204. Published Febonry 2015. Crisitally apnea L958, Lom previous edition approved in 2006 as 136-06. DOL To.tS00C0136COLSEN 14 Ti teciced ASTM stander, vst te ASTM website, wora.atn.on, oF cons ASTM Castomer Service at servico@osterg. Foe Anal Book of AST Fae as ue ination. eer tothe standards Document Sums Page the ASTM website “+A Summary of Changes section appears at the end ofthis standard eyo srs stra 00 Br ar Be, PO Boe CED Wes Casoneke. PA EBB, coy ight by ASTM Lt (lps reserved; Th an 6 194745 EDT 2019 Downloade printed by {puso ts Liens Agree No rer reproductions thorns C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation Shielding Conerete C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size D175 Practice for Sampling Aggregates E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves 22 AASHTO Standard: AASHTO No. T27 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates? 3, Terminology 3.1 Definitions —For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology C125. 4, Summary of Test Method 4.1 A sample of dry aggregate of known mass is separated through a series of sieves of progressively smaller openings for determination of particle size distribution. 5, Significance and Use 5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the grading of materials proposed for use as aggregates or being Used as aggregates, The results are used to determine compli- lance of the particle size distribution with applicable specifica tion requirements and fo provide necessary data for conirol of the production of various aggregate products and mixtures ‘containing aggregates. The data may also be useful in devel- ‘oping relationships concerning porosity and packing 5.2. Accurate determination of material finer than the 75-um (No. 200) sieve cannot be achieved by use of this test method flone. Test Method C117 for material finer than 75-pm sieve by ‘washing should be employed. 5.3 Refer to methods of sampling and testing in Specifica- tion C637 for heavyweight aggregates. 7 available fom Amesian Association of State Highway and Transportation “fiche, 44 Nowth Capitol Se NW Site 25, Washington, DC 20001 Copytght Amerson Soi’ for Testing Waters | {SSM $00 Bar Habor Drive West Cconshetncken, PAUSA Documente Avtarado | eeenacwenkownenas | | " ibis eu reprelp ciseicis6m - 14 6. Apparatus 6.1 Balances—Balances or scales used in testing fine and ‘coarse aggregate shall have readability and accuracy as fol- lows: 6.1.1 For fine aggregate, readable to 0.1 g and accurate to 0.1 g of 0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any point within the range of use. 6.1.2 For coarse aggregate, ot mixtures of fine and coarse aggregate, readable and accurate to 0.5 g or 0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any point within the range of use. 6.2 Sieves—The sieve cloth shall be mounted on substantial frames constructed in a manner that will prevent loss of material during sieving. The sieve cloth and standard sieve frames shall conform to the requirements of Specification Ett Nonstandard sieve frames shall conform to the requirements of Specification E11 as applicable. [Note 2—Itis recommended that sieves mounted in frames larger than standard 203.2-mm (8 i, diameter be used for testing coarse aggregate to Feduoe the possibility of overloading the sieves. See 83. 6.3 Mechanical Sieve Shaker—A mechanical sieving device, if used, shall create motion of the sieves to cause the particles to bounce, tumble, or otherwise turn so as to present different orientations to the sieving surface. The sieving action shall be such that the criterion for adequacy of sieving described in 8.4 is met in a reasonable time period. Nore 3Use of a mechanical sieve shaker is recommended when the see of the semple fs 20 kz or greater, and may be used for smaller amples, including fine agaregas. Excessive time (more than approxi. tmatsly 10 min) to achieve adequate sieving may reslt in degradation of {the sample. The same mechanical sieve shaker may not be practical fr all ‘Ses of samples, since the lrg sieving area needed for practical sieving ‘Of large nominal size coarse aggregate very likely coud result in toss of STpoction of tho sample if used for a small sample of coarse aggregate oF fine aggregate. 64 Oven—An oven of apgropriate size capable of maintain- ing a uniform temperature of 110 + 5 °C [230 * 10 °F], 17. Sampling 7.1 Sample the aggregate in accordance with Practice D7S. ‘The size of the field sample shall-be-the quantity shown in Practice D75 of four times the quantity required in 74 and 7.5 (except as modified in 7.6), whichever is greater. 7.2 Thoroughly mix the sample and reduce it to an amount suitable for testing using the applicable procedures described in Practice C702. The sample for tet shall be approximately the ‘quantity desired when dry and shall be the end result of the reduction, Reduction to an exact predetermined quantity shall not be permitted. Nove 4—Whoresiove analysis, including determination of material finer than te 753m sieves he only testing proposed, the size ofthe Simple maybe reduced in the Hed to avoid shipping excessive quantities of exra material w the laboratory 13 Fine Aggregate—The size of the test sample, after drying, shall be 300 g minimum, 74 Coarse Aggregate—The size ofthe test sample of coarse ageregate shall conform with the following: CCopsight by ASTI In! (all sights reserved; Tau Jun 6 190745 EDT2019 9 Downloaded by (O puna o License Agrement. No frherreproduetons authorized. Nosrinal Maximum Siz, 1t Sarole Sls, square Openings, mm) rk tb] 336% se) 2500) 2a 19.000) sin 250(1) ical sry) 15 (3) 502) 20 (44) 3) 235 77) 75.8) 20 139) 90 8) 100 20) 100 (2) 150 £230) 12568) 300 [660] 75 Coarse and Fine Aggregate Mixtures—The size of the test sample of coarse and fine aggregate mixtures shall be the same as for coarse aggregate in 7.4 7.6 Samples of Large Size Coarse Aggregate—The size of sample required for aggregate with 50-mm (2-in.] nominal maximum size or larger is such as to preclude convenient sample reduction and testing 2s a unit except with large mechanical splitters and sieve shakers. As an option when such ‘equipment is not available, instead of combining and mixing sample increments and then reducing the field sample to testing size, conduct the sieve analysis on a number of approximately equal sample increments such that the total mass tested conforms io the requirement of 74. 7.7 Im the event that the amount of material finer than the -75-ym (No. 200) sieve is to be determined by Test Method C117, proceed as follows: “7.1 For aggregates with a nominal maximum size of 125 rm [vs in] or less, use the same test sample for testing by Test Method C117 and this test method. First test the sample in accordance with Test Method C117 through the final drying foperaton, then dry sieve the sample as stipulated in 8.2 - 8.7 of this test method. 7.7.2 For aggregates with a nominal maximum size greater than 12.5 mm (4 in}, use a single test sample as described in 77.4, or optionally use separate test samples for Test Method C117 and this test method. 7.7.3 Where the specifications require determination of the total amount of material finer than the 75-um sieve by washing and dry sieving, use the procedure described in 7.7.1. 8. Procedure 8.1 Dry the sample to constant mass at a temperature of 110 + °C [230 = 10 °F] [Nose $—For control purposes, particularly where rapid results are desied, itis generally not necessary to dry coarse aggregate for the sieve ‘analysis test. The resulls aze litle alfected by the moisture content unless {G1 dre nominal raxiraum size is smaller chan about 12.5 man (sin), 2) the costse aggregate contains appreciable material finer than 4.75 mm (No. 4), or () the coarse aggregate is highly absorptive (e lightweight Sueregate for example). Also, samples may be dried at the higher Teunperatures associated with the use of hot plates without aflecting sul. provided sicam eseapes without generating pressures sufficient to facture the particles, ond temperatures are not so great ab {0 muse chemical breakdown of the aggregate. 82 Select sieves with suitable openings to furnish the information required by the specifications covering the mate~ rial to be tested. Use additional sieves as desired or necessary to provide other information, such as fineness modulus, of to regulate the amount of mater jeve. Nest the sieves in | conyegn american ody resting Meter {AST #0 Bor abo De Yet conmhten, PSUSA Doar Aso ‘eaten pr ACA. conan 6 AST Prohioida eu reprod én totatogacil|Aly crssic1z6m - 14 ‘order of decreasing size of opening from top to bottom and place the sample on the top sieve. Agitate the sieves by hand or by mechanical apparatus for a sufficient period, established by trial or checked by measurement on the actual test sample, to ‘meet the criterion for adequacy or sieving described in 3.4. 8.3 Limit the quantity of material on a given sieve so that all particles have opportunity to reach sieve openings 2 number of times during the sieving operation. For sieves with openings smaller than 4.75-mm (No. 4), the quantity retained on any sieve at the completion of the sieving operation shall not exceed 7 kg/m? of sieving surface area (Note 6). For sieves with openings 4,75 mm (No. 4) and larger, the quantity retained in kg shall not exceed the product of 2.5 x (sieve ‘opening, mm x (effective sieving area, m?)). This quantity is shown in Table i for five sieve-frame dimensions in common use. In no case shall the quantity retained be s0 great as to cause permanent deformation of the sieve cloth, 8.3.1 Prevent an overload of material on an individual sieve by one of the foliowing methods: 8.3.1.1 Insert an additional sieve with opening size interme- diate between the sieve that may be overloaded and the sieve immediately above that sieve in the original set of sieves. 8.3.1.2 Split the sample into two or more portions, sieving each portion individually. Combine the masses of the several portions retained on a specific sieve before calculating the petcentage of the sample on the sieve. 8.3.1.3 Use sieves having a larger frame size and providing seater sieving area. Nore 6—The 7 kg/n? amounts to 200 g fr the usual 203-mm (8-n} diameter sive (with effective sieving surface diameter of 190.5 mm [7.5 in} 8.4 Continue sieving for a sufficient period and in such ‘manner that, after completion, not more than 1 % by mass of the material retained on any individual sieve will pass that sieve during 1 min of continuous hand sieving performed as follows: Hold the individual sieve, provided with a snug-fiting pan and cover, in a slightly inclined position in one hand. Strike the side of the sieve sharply and with an upward motion against the heel ofthe other hand at the rate of about 150 times per minute, turn the sieve about one sixth of a revolution at intervals of about 25 strokes. In determining sufficiency of sieving for sizes larger than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, limit the material on the sieve to a single layer of particles. IFthe size of the mounted testing sieves makes the described sieving motion impractical, use 203-mm {8 in diameter sieves to verify the sufficiency of sieving. 8.5 In the case of coarse and fine aggregate mixtures, refer to 8.3.1 to prevent overloading of individual sieves. 8.5.1 Optionally, reduce the portion finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve using a mechanical splitter according to Practice C702. If this procedure is followed, compute the mass of each. size increment of the original sample as follows: w Aayxe w where: ‘A. = mass of size increment on total sample basis, W, = mass of fraction finer than 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve in ‘otal sample, W. = mass of reduced portion of material finer than 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve actually sieved, and B= mass of size increment in reduced portion sieved. 8.6 Unless a mechanical sieve shaker is used, hand sieve particles larger than 75 mm [3 in. by determining the smallest sieve opening through which each particle will pass. Start the test on the smallest sieve to be used. Rotate the particles, if necessary, in order to determine whether they wall passthrough, 2 particular opening; however, do not force particles to pass through an opening. 8.7 Determine the mass of each size increment on a scale or balance conforming to the requirements specified in 5.1 to the nearest 0.1 % of the total original dry sample mass. The total ‘mass of the material after sieving should check closely with original mass of sample placed on the sieves. If the amounts TABLE 1 Maximum Allowable Quantity of Material Retained on a Sieve, kg [1b] Trina Dimensions of Seve" Sieve al Toa, aind Tan by asin by pening arate? amet? ameter? ean ‘and Sto, mm Sioung neo, PTET 2.0285 103) o0ee7 05) 100870 (071 1228 (3) ozs a] es = © ¢ 2 37.4 f48%e 100 e © e ans ier) 53.9 118% | 0 e e 182 [s0%4) 278 60%) 485 (106%) 6 e 86119) 128 27%) 230 (50%) 405 (9%) e 7211581 106 (23%] 193 fae) SLOTS) 3808) 5713) Baits) 1533996 | 270 (59:4) 2716 430%) 83 {t3% ) SBS.) 202 [4614] iia 2a16%) 421%) 7707 135 9%) 1401 22te%) s2ir%] sacra) 102 p21 088 146) 21 36] 388%) 87 ira] a7 1) tain) isis) 29[6%) Sat) Ossi ase (tv) sory isp) 2etot fame dimersonsin inch units ® On, dameler,10.0:n,damele, 120%n dameter 138 by 1381 (14by 4F. nominal 145 by 22.51h (16 by 24 in nominal). ‘tha save area lor ound sieve Fares Is Desed an loc Gamoler 12 mm [sn] lee than tha nominal farra amter, cecauze Specteaion E11 permis the sealer between he sive cloth and hs ame to extord65 men [Vn] over the sieve ct, Thus tw lective suing amtor fa 205-rm Osn] amor sieve tame ie 1905 mm (75. 5 seve indested nave Copyright by ASTO lt (ll rights reserved): Th Jun 6 190745 EDT 2019, Dowowdedited by ‘O pusuanew Licease Agremet. No futher repeductons authorized produced by some manufacturer co nt innge on the sive eth byte fal 65 mm ‘han ive ful opnings and enous ret bo Uesd for seve testing excep as proved in 86. {cone america odes for ost Mas d (ASTM) 100 Bare Habar Drive West i nooutnent Autrizado | onsonacken, PAU Tealzado por NACAL. con tcenca de ASTM fo | \ | { rahibida au ceneoduectn totGp crseicra6m - 14 differ by more than 0.3 %, based on the original dry sample ‘mass, the results should not be used for acceptance purposes. 8.8 If the sample has previously been tested by Test Method C117, add the mass finer than the 75-ym (No. 200) sieve determined by that test method to the mass passing the 75-ym (No, 200) sieve by dry sieving of the same sample in this test method. 9. Calculation 9.1 Calculate percentages passing, total percentages retained, or percentages in various size fractions to the nearest 0.1 % om the basis of the total mass of the initial dry sample. If the same test sample was first tested by Test Method C117, include the mass of material finer than the 75-um (No. 200) size by washing in the sieve analysis calculation; and use the total dry sample mass prior to washing in Test Method C117 as the basis for calculating all the percentages. 9.1.1 When sample increments are tested as provided in 7.6, total the masses of the portion of the increments retained on cach sieve, and use these masses to calculate the percentages as, in9.1 9.2 Calculate the fineness modulus, when required, by adding the total percentages of material in the sample that is coarser than each of the following sieves (cumulative percent- ages retained), and dividing the sum by 100: 150-um (No. 100), 300-m (No. 50), 600-um (No. 30), 1.18-mm (No. 16), 2.36-mm (No, 8), 4.75-mm (No. 4), 9.5-mm (rin. 19.0-mm, ), 37.5-mm (I'4-in.), and larger, increasing in the ratio of 10, Report 10.1 Depending upon the form of the specifications for use of the material under test, the report shall include the follow- ing: 10.1.1 Total percentage of material passing each sieve, or 10.1.2 Total percentage of materia retained on each sieve, or 10.1.3 Perentage of material retsined between consecutive 10.2 Report percentages to the nearest whole number, ex- cept if the percentage passing the 75-um (No. 200) sieve is less than 10 ‘it shail be reported to the nearest 0.1 %. 10.3 Report the fineness modulus, when required, to the nearest 0.01. 1, Precision and Bias 111 Precision—The estimates of precision for this test method are listed in Table 2. The estimates are based on the results from the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory Proficiency Sample Program, with testing conducted by Test ‘Method C136 and AASHTO No. T27. The data are based on the analyses of the test results from 65 to 233 laboratories that tested 18 pairs of coarse aggregate proficiency test samples and test results from 74 to 222 laboratories that tested 17 pairs of fine aggregate proficiency test samples (Samples No. 21 CCopyightby ASTM Int al sighs reserved; Thun 6 1907S EDT 209 4 Downer by (O poruant 0 Licene Agreement. No father sspredutions autorized TABLE 2 Precision Standarg —feoeptale “Wa Porcenage of y_ Senet ange of Two Natori Passing MEN'S) Resume (8) oars Aagrapaie®™ ‘Singe-cpersior —<100 =, 032 29 precision a as oat 23 =a) 134 38 60 225, Ba 220 32 a7 25 096 27 Bs 210 00 2a 05S 075 24 psig se ose 15 2 027 08 otiaboraory S100 205 0.95, 10 precision, 385 437 39 5 =a 02 53 = 200 282 30 =a 197 55. 2 a8 180 45 Ss 10 148 42 a0 3S 122 34 SR ot 30 2 30 oa, 13 Fie Aggregate Singlooporator <0 =05 028 o7 precision Ss 280 055 48 220 083 24 2 Bb 05 15 5210 036 19 S00 = 037 1a Fae 0 ona 04 Mutisbocatory S00 29s 023 a8 precision “280 o77 22 Ss 20 vat 40 Rs 140 at So 2 bas te 2 oat oo “These numbers represen, repeclvaly the (1s) and (€25) Ems Gesetbod in| Paces C870. "Tha precision estimates ao basod on aggragaie with aominal maximum siz of 19.0 mm (ein) through 90). The values in the table are given for different anges of total percentage of aggregate passing a sieve. 1.1 The precision values for fine aggregate in Table 2 are based on nominal 500-g test samples. Revision of this test ‘method in 1994 permits the fine aggregate test sample size to be 300 g minimum. Analysis of results of testing of 300-g and. 500-g test samples from Aggregate Proficiency Test Samples 99 and 100 (Samples 99 and 100 were essentially identical) produced the precision values in Table 3, which indicate only minor differences due to test sample size Nore 7—The values for fine aggregate in Table 2 will be revised to rofloct tho 300-g test sample size when a sufficient sumber of Aggregate Profiieney Tesis have becn conducted using that sample size to provide reliable daa, 11.2 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias in this test method, no statement on bias is made. 12, Keywords 12.1 aggregate; coarse aggregate; fine aggregate; gradation; ‘grading; sieve analysis; size analysis | CopyighAmotcan Socie'y treating Meter [stan tooearHebercrve eet | | Sonsnonockan, PAUSA Doooarie Aunerzade | realizado per NAGAI. con foo asta | 1 | Probiblda eu roproshinon tat“TABLE 3 Precielor| Data for 800-9 and 800-9 Test Samples | 4 crseic1z6m - 14 | i Fine Aegrogao Protlncy Samele ‘Wit Laberaioy _Selwean Laboratory Test Rasut Sarge Sas ~Nonbertake Wenge ts estes Tal atnod CRGARSHTO Neo. T2T "otal materi passing he 4.75 No, 4 sive (6) S009 a ee ee : 2009 dre «3360 0oat 0s 0K HT | “ota toa passing ne 236-m Ne. 8 sieve (4) soog za emo kB | 200g me oesa “os ator pascing ho 1,12 No. 16 sieve (8) 009 oe Tatts 18S 2D | 2003 pt ny a “etl torial passing the 600 um No, 80 sieve (8) soe ver aBSL 07S 1D 009 ee eee “oa material passing ho 900 pm No, $0 sive (6) 5009 oe tase eT 8B TD 2003 Best 04S 125 08B 278 Total mati passing the 150 um No, 100 seve (%) 500g 27 pease oct uel ee 0870 e109) 009 20 pmo aes OD “eel materi passing tho 75 um No. 200 sieve (6) sg 28 sae off ose ost 2009 266 iso 012098 0st__— 0s SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee CO9 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue, 136-06, that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved Dee. 1, 2014) (1) Revised (with designation change) from Sf-only to com- bined Sifinch-pound standard, where values stated in either SI of inch-pound units are regarded separately as standard. rights asseted in connection wih any tam mentioned AST Iterationalakes no positon raspocting te ats of any pate tthe vay any uh patent his, ante isk nina sanders sors of is standard are expressly acvised tat detrminaen tl intingement of soak rons, re ene ei own iN “Tis stand subct t oiion at any tine by he reponse roi ands tierovodowlnsanh. Your commons are iitd ei or rion o ie standao for coral anders ctv oo e2esoASTM lrmadans Hosaquair. You conmants wl recive care consideration ata meeid of ee a Sr ent commtoe ac you may stan ou fe ta your ernment av nol civ fa ang you sad ere jour vi kponn tthe ASTH Contes on Sandee, a he adress shown below. ‘his standard copyitted by ASTM Intematons, 100 Sar Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-95, nr Sea eo (angle or multe capes) of tis standard may be biaed By contacting ASTM st the eb0%— ated Sites SEOs (phone), 610BI22555 (lax, or sence tasim.og (ermal); or tough the ASTM nsbots ceo “dominion tet moloipy the standard may ao ba sacred fom te Copyright Cewaree Cote, 272 Mocencad Drive, Danvers, WA D1923, To (878) 646-2000; Mn copyage con | asm Deve West | | Constohacksn, PALISA Dacumento Auiorizad | ‘copytigh by ASTD In alright reserved; ThaJun 6 ISOTASEDT2019 5 i | resteado por NACAL cao feet Donlondepied by “pursuant License greene, No futher eprodtions authoind Prahibide 2u reprosucctan total 9 parcied