EXAM COVERAGE

1. KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE TEXT

A. SOCIAL FUNCTION
B. RHETORICAL STRUCTURE
C. LINGUISTIC FEATURES

2. TEXT TYPES
A. INTERPERSONAL/TRANSACTIONAL
B. SHORT FUNCTIONALk
C. FUNCTIONAL

A. UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL FUNCTION OF THE TEXT

1. TOPIC/THEME/GENERAL IDEA
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What is the topic of the text? Listening: short
• the topic/ • What is the text (mainly) about? conversation, short
theme/general idea • What does the text (mainly) tell monolog
about?
• What is being discussed? Reading: dialogue text,
• What are they talking about? functional, short
• (A) suggests (B) to (do something) functional
because …

2. PURPOSE OF THE TEXT

INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What is the purpose of the text Reading: dialogue text,
• the purpose of the writer? functional, short
text writer • The text is written with the aim of functional
…
• Why did the writer compose the
text?
• After reading the text, readers will
most likely …

3. TEXT BENEFIT
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What is expected from the readers Reading: functional,
• the benefit of after reading the text? short functional
reading the text • Readers will be most likely
benefited from reading the text by
becoming …
• Readers of the text will benefit
from reading it mainly in terms of
…

4. ROLE OF THE WRITER

INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What role does the writer play in Reading: short
 the role of the the text? functional (personal
writer/speaker • What is the role of the story letter)
writer?
• Who most likely write the text? Listening: short
• Who is most likely the speaker? monolog

5. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE WRITER AND THE READERS

INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • To the writer, the recipient is Reading: short
 the possible personally a … functional (business
relationship of • (A) and (B) are most likely … letter, personal letter)
reader and writer • Who is (John)?
• What is the relationship of (A) and
(B)?

(Un Summary & Strategies )1

 6. TARGET AUDIENCE
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • The text is mostly intended for … Listening: short
• the target • Who most likely makes use of the monolog
audience/reader of text?
the text • The target audience of the text is Reading:
for people who are fond of … functional/short
• Who would need this functional
(instruction/recipe)?

7. SETTING/PLACE
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • Where can you find the Reading: short
 the setting/place announcement? functional
• Where will the text most probably
be posted? Listening: short
• Where does the conversation most conversation
probably take place?

B. UNDERSTANDING RHETORICAL STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT

1. INFERENCE/CONCLUSION
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What can be inferred/concluded Listening: short
• inference/conclusi about …? conversation, short
on in the text • What can be said about …? monolog
• According to the text, we can
infer/conclude that … Reading: text dialogue,
functional, short
functional

2. DETAIL OF EVENTS
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What did (A) do after graduating? Listening: short
• detail of • When/Where will the even take conversation, short
event/activity place? monolog
• What happened to (A) when
he/she was at college? Reading: text dialogue,
• What is the strong point of the functional, short
applicant? functional

3. DETAIL OF STEPS
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What should you do after …? Listening: short
• detail of steps • What should the monolog
people/customers do when they
need to …? Reading: functional
• What will happen if you …? (procedure text)

4. DETAIL OF OBJECTS
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • It can be described that (an object) Listening: short
• detail of objects … monolog
• What can be said about (an Reading: functional
object)? (descriptive text)

5. MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPH

INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What is the main idea of the Reading: functional
• main idea of (second) paragraph? (descriptive, report,
paragraph • The (third) paragraph tells recount, news item)
(mainly) about …

(Un Summary & Strategies )2

 6. NEXT PROBABLE ACTION
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What will the man/woman Listening: short
• next probable probably do next? conversation
action • If the invitee is interested in
attending the occasion after Reading: short
reading the letter, he/she will … functional (letters)
• Upon receiving the letter, he
would most likely …
• If she accepts the offer, she most
likely will …

C. UNDERSTANDING LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE TEXT

1. WORD SYNONYM/MEANING
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What is the synonym/meaning of Reading: functional
• the the underlined word in (descriptive, report,
synonym/meaning (line/sentence)? recount, news item)
of a word • The underlined word in
(line/sentence) means …
• The underlined word in
(line/sentence) is synonymous
with …
• The underlined word
(line/sentence) can be best
replaced with …

2. SYNONYM/MEANING OF IDIOM/PHRASE
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What is the synonym/meaning of Reading: functional
• the the underlined idiom/phrase in (descriptive, report,
synonym/meaning (line/sentence)? recount, news item)
of an idiom/a • The underlined idiom/phrase in
phrase (line/sentence) means …
• The underlined idiom/phrase in
(line/sentence) is synonymous
with …
• The underlined idiom/phrase
(line/sentence) can be best
replaced with …

3. REFERENCE OF WORD/PHRASE
INDICATOR STEM/QUESTION SECTION
Determining: • What does the underlined Reading: dialogue,
• the reference of a word/phrase in (line/sentence) functional, short
word/phrase refer to? functional
• The underlined word/phrase in
(line/sentence) refers to …

(Un Summary & Strategies )3

 EXAM STRUCTURE

1. LISTENING SECTION : 15 QUESTIONS (PICTURE, QUESTION-RESPONSE, SHORT

CONVERSATION, SHORT MONOLOG)
2. READING SECTION : 35 QUESTIONS (INCOMPLETE DIALOGUE, DIALOGUE TEXT,
FUNCTIONAL, SHORT FUNCTIONAL)

READING SECTION

GENERAL STRATEGIES FOR UNDERSTANDING TEXT

1. READ THE QUESTION AND CLASSIFY THEM FOR “TOPIC/ GENERAL INFORMATION”, “INFERENCE”,
“DETAILS”, OR “IMPLIED INFORMATION”
2. TOPIC/GENERAL INFORMATION USUALLY REFERS TO THE ONES IN THE BEGINNING OF THE TEXT
3. DETAILS COMMONLY REFERS TO THE DEEPER PARTS OF THE CONTENT OF THE TEXT
4. INFERENCE IS ABOUT MAKING CONCLUSION OF CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN THE TEXT; IT NEEDS
PARAPHRASING OR RESTATING
5. IMPLIED INFORMATION IS ABOUT PREDICTING WHAT TO HAPPEN NEXT BASED ON CERTAIN
STATEMENT IN THE TEXT

INTERPERSONAL/TRANSACTIONAL
≈ suggestion
≈ if-clause (present real)
≈ necessity/obligation/prohibition
≈ offering help/something
≈ physical appearance
≈ agreement/disagreement
≈ passive voice
≈ future plans
≈ past events
≈ compliment
≈ present perfect tense
≈ asking for/giving opinion

FUNCTIONAL TEXT
≈ DESCRIPTIVE: e.g. tourist destination, historical places, popular places, etc.
≈ RECOUNT: e.g. sportsmen, scientists, writers, inspiring people, etc.
≈ PROCEDURE: e.g. manuals of operating tools, doing online purchases, visiting/working rules at the
office, etc.
≈ REPORT (Factual Report): e.g. vehicles, electronic devices, plants, animals, media, etc.
≈ NEWS ITEM: headline news/current topics

SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT

≈ announcement: at school, at the office, etc.
≈ notice
≈ label
≈ application letter
≈ personal letters
≈ business letters: invitation, request, etc.

(Un Summary & Strategies )4