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hg:t/df ;d]t To;sf] lj/f]w x' g yfn]sf] 5. g]kfnsf] af/] d f lj:t[ t cg' ; Gwfg, kL8ssf] klxrfg, zj a f /] d f kl g
;Gb] x fTds ?kdf lnPsf
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cl:jsfo{ 5. k|wfgdGqL s]kL jnLn] af]nfPsf] ;j{bnLo j}7sn] b] V 5f } + / T o ;nf O{ kl/k" / 0fsf] Joj:yf nufotsf hl6n k| lqmof ug'{ gful/sx?sf]
laZjf;ts hfg dfgl;s
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lqmof e}/x]sf] x'G5 To;nfO{
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lqmofsnfkn] kL8sn] Gofo kfj; eGg] g} xf]. kZ rf t b] z df
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x'G5.
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o;}sf k|lt?k x'g. o'4 jf w gjf b /
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] eGg] pb3f] if
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ljutdf klg ef/tn] l;dfgfdf Hofblt gu/]sf] xf]Og. ef/tsf] ;Dkfbg ug]{ ul/G5. ha{h:tL j]kQf, Joa:yfkg s;/L ug]{ < pgLx? sf] l gi7f / l j rf /df nugzL n
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;]jf k| jfxsf ;DaGwdf zlQmdf u/]sf] kfOG5.
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cfl;g JolQm / ;] j f k| b fosF + u Gofo, ;To / hjfkmb]lxtfsf] af/]df $ = ;+ l a wf g;ef eg] s f ]
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af/]d f ;xsfo{ ul/g], 5nkmn u/L
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txx ? cl wsf/sf] lx ;fjn ]
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T o : tf ] d' 2f pxf F x ? n] klxN o }
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eGg] klg lhNnf ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf]
5. ;+3 / k|b]zaf6 eP u/] sf sfdx?
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5.
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s] s] x'g\ <
vf g] k f gL o f ] h gf x? nf O{
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Pp6f ;8s l8kLcf/ u/]/ k7fpg' k¥of]
eg]/ cfPsf] lyof]. Tof] sfof{nonfO{
xfdLx?n] r]/g]6f, k'/g7f6L, hf]uL6f/L
klxnf To;sf] P;Pgcf/6LkL÷ljZj
j}+sn] h' g l:6l6d]6 l8hfOg u/]sf]
lyof] To;nfO{ kmnf]ck u/] / To;sf]
l8kLcf/ u/fP/ ^* s/f]8sf] Tof] k]z
ug{ ;DjGwLt sf of{ n o k" j f{ w f/
sfof{nonfO{ nufPsf 5f}+.
cg' u d gsf] s' / f u bf{ v ] / L
oxfF x ?n ] of] h gfut ?kd f
cg' u dg ug' { x ' G 5 ls :yfgLo
txx?sf] g} cg' udg ug'{x 'G5 <
:yfgLo txnfO{ klg cg'u dg
ug] { xf]. of]hgfx?sf] klg cg' udg
ug] { xf]. h:tf] tkfOn] cl3 eg]s f]
h:tf] :yfgLo txx?df Ohnf;sf]
Joj:yf 5}g. sfd ug]{ hgzlQm 5}g,
of]hgfx? s;/L ;~rfng eO/fv]sf
5g\ < lx;fj r':t b'?:t tl/sf/n]
/flvPsf] 5 5}g ljleGg ;"rssf
cfwf/df cg'u dg u/] / pxfFx ?nfO{
xfdLn] ;' emf j lbg] xf] . lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldltn] ljutsf ;dLIff
uf ] i 7L x?df cf Ps f ;Nnf x
;' emfjx?sf cfwf/df kmd]{6 tof/
u/]/ To;}sf] cfwf/df cg' udg ug]{
xf]. cg' udg ul/;s]kl5 ;+ 3, k|b]z
/ :yfgLo txnfO{ To;sf] af/]d f
hfgsf/L u/fpg] / pxfFx?nfO{ n]v]/
k7fpg] xf].
#
e v{ / } :yfgLo tx x?, ;+ 3 /
k|b]zsf sfof{no tyf u} /;/sf/L
;+ : yfx?n ] ;~rfn g u/] s f
of]h gfx?sf] ;dLIff ePsf] 5.
s:tf] kfpg'eof] <
ljut jif{ x ?df eGbf s] x L
k| ult ePsf] kfPsf 5f} +. kmd] {6 x?
/fVg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5.
sfdx? u/] s f] b] lvof] . cl3Nnf
jif{x?sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ t'ngfTds
?kdf /fd| f ] sfd u/] s f] b] l vG5.
k" jf{w f/, ;fdflhs ljsf;, lzIff,
:jf:Yo, s[lif nufotsf] gLlt tyf
sfo{qmd pxfFx?n] agfpg'ePsf] x'G5.
To;sf] knf]ck ug]{ xf]. k};f vr{
ug]{ Ifdtfdf klg j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5.
:yfgLo txsf] u' gf;f] s] 5 eg]
k|b ]z sf] sfo{ qmdx? cln l9nf]
clVtof/L cfOk' Ug] / sfd ug{
ufx| f ] ePsf] eGg] s' / fx? klg
cfPsf] 5. c;f/ d;fGtdf To:tf]
klg b] l vG5. To;sf] ;' wf/sf]
nflu oxfF x ?n ] sl Qsf] k xn
ug'{ePsf]] 5 <
xfdLn] k|b]zdf uP/ tL s'/fx?
hfgsf /L u/f pg] . k| b ] z :t/df
;dGjo kl/ifb\ j}7 s x'G5. of] %
gDj/ k|b ]z cGtu{t lhNnf ;dGjo
k| d ' v , pkk| d ' v , :y fgLo txsf
k|d'v x? d'Vo dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf
a}7s a;L Pp6f vfsf tof/ x'G5.
ToxfF vfsf tof/ x'Fbf xfdLn] xfd|f
d'4fx? p7fpg], pxfFx?n] klg p7fg
ug]{ u/]/ s]xL k|ultlt/ cufl8 a9]s]f
b] lvG5.
;fljs lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]
hUuf :yfgLo tx n] :jfld Tj
gkfpFbf sfof{no ejg lgdf{ 0fdf
;d:of cfO/x] s f] eGg] u' g f;f]
cfO/x]s f] 5. hUufsf] :jfdLTj
:yfgLo txx ?n ] slx n] ; Dd
kfpF5g\ <
;f lj s l hN nf l js f ;
;ldltsf] gfddf ePsf hUufx?sf]
xfdLn] s]x L ;do cufl8 cWoog
u¥of}+. :yfgLo txx?n] hUuf k|fKtLsf]
nflu dfu ug'{ ePsf] 5. dfu u/]
adf]lhd s'g hUuf lbg], s'g hUuf
glbg] eGg] xfd|f] af]8{df 5nkmn u/]/
To;nfO{ l56\6} cufl8 a9fpg] eGg]
xfd|f] ;dembf/L ag]sf] 5. oxL pk
lgjf{rg kl5 Tof] ljifodf sfd u5f}{.
l hN nf ;b/d' s fd /x] s f]
ufpF kflnsfn] clxn];Dd ;/sf/
e jg vfn L e P kl g k | o f] u
gul//x]s f] b]l vG5. lsg o:tf]
cj:yf cfPsf] xf] <
dNn/fgL ufpFkflnsf sfof{no
ej g ;~rfngsf ] nfl u dlxnf
ljsf; sfof{nosf] ejg ;dGjo
;ldltn] x:tfG t/0f u/] s f] 5.
xfdLx?n] af/Djf/ ToxfFaf6 sfof{no
;~rfngsf] nflu pxfFx ?;F u s' /f
klg p7fO/x]sf klg 5f}+. h'g Tof] 3/df
hfg] af6f] sfof{nosf] gfddf /x]g5.
To;sf/0f ToxfFsf ;lwof/x? sf]xL
a f lx/ uPs f ] x' g f n] pxfF x ?
cfO;s]kl5 5nkmn u/]/ Tof] af6f]
6'+ufO;s]k l5 To;nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ eg]/
afFs L $ k]h df
 @)&^÷)&÷@^ d+u njf/ $
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf ================ afnL ladf s;/L ug]{ <
uf pF k f l ns fs f ] cWo I f n] s ' / f Ko" 7fgsf] cj:yfsf] xsdf
ug'{ePsf] 5. sfof{no hfg] af6f]sf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf hgzlQm afnL ladf eGgfn] s[ifsx¿n] lghL{j g ladf sDkgLx¿af6 ug{ d"No cyf{t\ ladf+s ! nfv ?k}ofF
;d:ofsf sf/0f xfdL s]x L ;do sdL 5. h:tf] !# hgfsf] hgzlQm JolQmut lghL tyf Jofj;flos ;lsg] 5. /x]5 eg] ! nfvsf] % k|ltzt % xhf/
/f]lsPsf 5f}+ eg]/ cWoIfn] hfgsf/L k|o f]h gsf nflu ul/Psf] v]tLsf] afnL ladf ubf{ s[ifsn] s]xL ?k} ofF ladf z'N s eof] eg] pQm
5. tLg hgf sfof{no ;xof]uL, #
u/fpg'ePsf] lyof]. hf] lvd x:tfGt/0f xf] . afnL ladf k|lqmof k"/f ug{'k5{. afnL ladf ug{ ladfz'N ssf] &% k|ltzt cyf{t\ #
hgf ;j f /L rf ns , ;dG j o xhf/ & ;o %) g] k fn ;/sf/n]
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] e"l dsf clwsf/L, OlGhlgo/, cf]e/l;o/ xf]. ug{sf nflu kxf8df eP Go"gtd cf7 OR5's s[ifsn] k|:tfj kmf/d e/L ladf
cfgf / t/fO{df eP Pss¶f If]qkmndf sDkgLdf a'emfpg'k5{. o;sf] nflu cg'bfg lbg] / afFsL ! xhf/ @ ;o
s:tf] k fp g' e Psf] 5 . o;sf] OlGhlgo/ cf]e/l;o/sf] cefjdf
afnL nufOPsf] x'g'kg]{5. %) dfq ;DalGwt s[ifsn] ladfz'Ns
e"ldsf k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] nflu clnslt cfFvfn] dfq x]g]{ k|fljlws
oxfFsf] ;Nnfx ;'emfj s] 5 < a fnL nuf pF b f b] l v af nL
lx;fjn] x]g{ clnslt ;d:of ePsf]
o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] kfSbf;Dd nfUg] nfut d" N onfO{
5. xfdLn] s]Gb| / k|b]z;Fu tL s'/fx? ladf+ s /sd sfod ul/G5. o:tf]
nflu ;+ljwfgdf g} ;+zf]wg u/]/ h:tf] u/] sf 5f} + . nf] s ;] jf cfof]u af6 nfut d" N o g] k fn ;/sf/ s[ l if
cg' u dg, ljs f;nf O{ ;Gt' n gdf kl/k"lt{ u/]/ tkfOx?n] tL kfpg'x'G5 dGqfnodfkm{ t pknAw u/fOPsf]
Nofpg], ;dGjo ug]{, :yfgLo txsf] eGg] s'/f 5. xfd|f af]8{ ;b:ox?sf] tYof+ssf] cfwf/df sfod ul/g]5.
Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{, u}/;/sf/L ;+3 sfd Tolt al9 5}g. ut jif{ xfdLn] of] ladf b]zdf ;~rfngdf /x] sf
;+:yf, ;+3, k|b] zsf sfof{n ox?sf] cg'udg ug{ hfFbfv]/L slxn] k|d'v
klg cg' u dg ug] { h' g lsl;dsf]
clwsf/ lbPsf] 5, k| b]z ;/sf/n]
klg sfg'g agfOlbPsf] 5. To;sf]
pkk|d 'v slxn] jf] 8{ sf ;b:ox?
afl8P/ xfdLn] cg' udg u¥of}. of]
jif{ klg xfdLn] ToxL k2tLsf] ljsf;
Gofo, ;To=====
tkm{ gftfjfb, s[kfjfb / /fhg} lts
af/] df clnslt cg'u dg t xfdLn] u/]sf 5f}+. ljleGg lhNnfsf] xsdf ck/fwLs/0fn] k|>o kfPsf] ;DaGwdf
u5f } { g} . cg' u dg ul /;s ] k l 5 xfdLn] a'e\mbf vf;} To:tf] gu/] sf] /fhg}lts kf6L{ a]vj/ h:t} kfOG5.
k|ltj]bg klg xfdLn] tof/ ug} u5f}{. t/ Ko"7fg lhNnfsf] xsdf l;ldt %= ;a} /fhg}lts kf6L{n ] dlxnf
;+3Lo dfdLnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dfqfdf ePsf] ;|f] t ;fwgnfO{ klg d'l Qm / ;fdflhs Gofosf af/]d f
dGqfnodf klg xfdL k7fpF5f}+. k|b]z ;b'k of]u u/] / , xfdL jf] 8{ s f ;a} pb3f]if u/]sf 5g t/ /fHosf] lglt
;/sf/nfO{ klg k7fpg] s' /f /x\ of]. ;b:ox? Ps cfk;df 5nkmn u/]/ lgdf{0ftxdf a:g] JolQmx? g} To:tf]
:yfglo txnfO{ klg k7fpg] s' / f If]qx? lgwf{/0f u/]/ slxn] sf] hfg], sfo{s f] la?4df b]V bf /fhg} lts
/x\ o f] . t/ To ;df eP sf s dL k| l zIf0f lbg] J olQm / /fHos f]
slxn] sf] hfg] u/]/ xfdLn] cg'udg
sdhf] /LnfO{ ;'w fg{ sf] nflu xfdLn] sfg'gnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ JolQm g} s [ l if ;] j f s ] G b| , pks ] G b| j f e' QmfgL u/L ! nfva/fa/sf] ladf
u/]sf 5f}+.
cg'/f] w ug]{ s'/f xf]. vf;} sfg'gt s fg' g pN n+ 3 g ug] { ca : yf n] dfGotfk|f Kt lzIf0f ;+ :yfaf6 s[l if u/fpg ;Sg]5.
cGT od f x fd | f ] s' / fsfgLd f /fhg}l ts kf6L{ x?sf] lgl/xtf b] Vg bfaL s;/L ug]{ <
of] ePg eg]/ eGg ;Sg] cj:yf ljifodf cfwf/e" t 1fg xfl;n u/L
g;d] l 6Psf] oxfF n fO{ eGg} dg ;l sG 5. lgj { t dfg ;efd' v ladf ul/Psf] afnL ladfn]vdf
5}g. of] t km]l/ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ;f] ;DaGwdf
nfu]sf] s]xL eP eGg' xf];\ < s[i0faxfb' / dx/f x'g jf s~rgk'/ pNn]v ul/Psf] hf]lvdsf sf/0f xfgL
klg w]/} sfg'gL s'/fx? 5g\. :yfgLo sfo{ ug]{ Ohfht k| f Kt k| f ljlws
oxfF n ] h;/L dnfO{ ;~rf/ pN6fvfdsL !# alif{ o f aflnsf JolQmn] ;DalGwt afnLsf] ladfsf] gf]S;fgL ePdf sDkgLn] Iflt k"l t{
;/sf/x?nfO{ sfg' gL clwsf/sf
dfWoddf cfk\mgf s'/fx? ;' gfpg] h'g lgd{nf xTofsf08sf] lkmtnf] 5fgljgn] nflu k| dfl0ft ul/lbg'k5{. ta dfq} e'Qmfg u5{. o;sf] nflu s[ifsn] ladf
lx;fjn] cem alnof agfpg'k 5{. Tof]
df}sf lbg'eof] To;sf lgldQ oxfF g} /fHosf] lgl/xtf k|s6 ePsf] kfOG5. ladfsf nflu k|:tfj kmf/d sDkgLdf sDkgLdf bfaL ug{'k5{. afnL gf]S;fg
/fd|f] kIf xf]. t}klg clnslt ;+ljwfg x' g ] la lQs} s[ i fsn] k| f ljlw sf]
nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;~rf/ dfWodx?nfO{ Dffly pNn] l vt a' F b fx?af6 k]; ug{ ;lsg]5.
;+zf]wg u/]/ ePklg h'g of] rf/ j6f gful/sn] s:tf] Gofo kfO/x]sf 5g l;kmfl/;df Iflt ePsf] afnLsf]
d xflb{ s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . ;f] k| :tfj kmf/ddf ;DalGwt
clwsf/ lbPsf] 5. of] rf/ j6f < hgtfn] p7fg u/]sf] s'/f ;To xf] ljj/0f;lxt bfaL ug{ ;S5g\.
kqsf/ ;fyLx?n] af:tjdf Ko"7fgdf ladf sDkgLsf afnL ladf;DaGwL
clwsf/nfO{ j[ x t ?kn] cufl8 sL xf] Og < zQf /fhlgltug] {x?sf] t/, afnL nufO;s]kl5 ;do–
eP u/]sf /fd| f, g/fd|f sfdx?nfO{ sfo{ ug] { sd{rf/Ln] cWoog u/L
hfg'k g]{ cfjZostf xfdLn] dx;'; hjfb]lxtf kfpg ;lsG5 ls ;lsb}g. plrt / dgfl;j nfu]df afnL ladfsf] ;dodf afnLnfO{ lbg' kg]{ dnhn,
u/]sf 5f}+. phf u/ u/] / hg;dIf N ofOl bg]
/fHon] lbg] Gofo xf]. af]Ng] ;To xf]. ladfn]v hf/L u5{g\. afnL ladf ubf{ uf]8d]n u/]sf], afnLnfO{ nfUg] ljleGg
l hN nf ;dG jo k| d ' v sf ] l z; ug' { e of] , tYout ?kdf k| sf/sf /f] ux¿sf] lgbfgsf nflu
hjfkmb] lxtf To:sf] :ki6tf xf] t/ s[ifsn] s'n ladf+ssf] % k|ltztsf
hfg'eof] eg] xfd|f] Ko"7fg lhNnf b]zd} ;dod} k|of; u/]sf], afnLsf] plrt
pkk| d' vx?sf] ljleGg ;~rf/df cfd gful/sn] aiff}{b]lv vf]hL/x]sf] b/n] ladf z'Ns e'QmfgL ug{'k5{. pQm
clnslt gd' gf lhNnfsf] ?kdf of] pQ/ km]l/ klg lgjf/0f x'g ;s]g. Joj:yfkg u/] sf] x'g'kg]{5. o;sf
d fWod df l jl e Gg s' / fx ? z' N s df ;/sf /n] & % k| l tzt
cfO/xG5. xfdLn] sfd kfPgf} . cufl8 5 x} Ko"7fg lhNnf eGg] af/]df bf]; kG5fpg] / lhDd]jf/L axg gu/]s} cg' b f gs f] J oj :y f u/] s f] 5. afah'b klg ljleGg /f]usf sf/0fn]
sfof{ nodf hgzlQmsf] cefj 5 ;r]t u/fpg'eof]. To;sf] nflu oxfF sf/0f clxn] klg k]n] 6f] l/klAnsf s[ifsxn] ladfz'Nssf] @% k|ltzt dfq} x'g] Iflt tyf b}ljs k|sf]kaf6 ePsf]
eGg] h:tf, Ko"7 fgsf] clxn] sf] nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ k'gM CifL cIfkfb uf}tdsf kl/efiff clxn] e'QmfgL u/] k'U5. I fl ts f nf lu ;Da l G wt l adf
wGojfb. klg pbuf/ ug{ ljj; 5g\ lsg < pbfx/0fsf nflu s' g} cfn' s DkgLnfO{ I f ltk" l t{ ug{ ul /g]
cj:yf s] xf] <
v] tLsf] Ps l;hgsf nflu nfut cfu|xnfO{ bfaL elgG5.
afFs L ^ k]h df
;Dk"0f{ gu/jf;Lx?df Ko"7fg gu/kflnsfsf] clkn Û
s;}n] b]xfosf sfd u/]df s;'/ u/]sf] dflgg] 5 M
 gu/kflnsfn] tf]lslbPsf] ;do / :yfg afx]s cGoq lg:sf;g ug]{ .
 3/ sDkfp08 tyf kl/;/sf] kmf]xf]/d}nf ;8s jf cGo ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf /fVg], kmfNg] jf
y'kfg]{ .
 kmf]xf]/af6 lg:s]sf] b'lift kfgL -lrn]6_ jf 9n r'xfO{ cGo JolQmsf] 3/ jf hUuf k|b'lift
u/fpg] .
 ;8s jf cGo ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;jf/L ;fwg lj;fpg] jf la;fO/x]sf]
;jf/L ;fwg x6fpg OGsf/ ug]{ .
 hg:jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L ;8s jf ;fj{hlgs :yndf s'g} klg lsl;dsf]
xflgsf/s kmf]xf]/ d}nf /fVg], kmfNg], y'kfg]{ jf lg:sf;g ug]{ .
 ;|f]td} kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] ulu{s/0f gu/L kmf]xf]/ d}nf ld;fP/ lg:sf;g ug]{ .
 d/]sf] jf df/]sf kz'k+l5 / ;f] sf] nfbL, Kjfv, x8\8L tyf df5fsf] sTnf cflb ;fj{hlgs
:yn, uNnL, rf]sdf /fVg], kmfNg] jf y'kfg]{ .
 ;fj{}hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgaf6 ofqf ug]{ qmddf e\mofnaf6 ;fj{hlgs :yn tyf ;8sx?df
s'g} klg k|sf/sf] kmf]xf]/hGo kbfy{x? hyfefjL k\mofSg] .
 ;hfo M dfly pNn]lvt s;'/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ :yfgLo lgsfon] klxnf] k6s eP ?= %)).–
hl/jfgf, bf];|f] k6s eP ? !))).– hl/jfgf / t];|f] k6s jf ;f] eGbf a9L k6s u/]df ?=
#))).– hl/jfgf / kmf]xf]/ d}nf p7fpg nfUg] vr{ ;d]t lghaf6 c;'n pk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
 xfdL ;a}sf] Pp6} /x/ k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{o'Qm xfd|f] gu/,
 k"0f{ ;/;;kmfO{ o'Qm xfd|f] gu/ ca 5}g s;}nfO{ /f]usf] 8/ .
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ug]{ u/L k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm sdhf]/
agfpg] sfd klg dBkfgn] ub{5.
d'v, 3fF6L / sn]hf]sf] SofG;/
cTolws / s8f /S;Ln] agfpFb5.
dBkfg ubf{, ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ w'd|kfgsf]
klg ;]jg x'g] u/]sf] k|z:t} e]l6G5.
cg';Gwfgn] s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] ;'tL{
/ /S;L;Fu} / ;fy} ;]jg ubf{ d'vsf]
SofG;/ x'g] ;efjgf !% u'gfn] a9\g]
ub{5 .
;+qmd0f M
klxn] t];|f ] :6]hsf] lel/+u Ldf
lhj|f]sf] ;[hgaf6 lha|f]sf] SofG;/
b]lvotf klg clxn] gb]lvg] ePsf]n],
o:sf] pkrf/df k|of]u u/Lg] cf;]l{\gs
ePsf] cf}i flwn] ePsf] xf]nf eGg]
ul/Psf] 5. OK;6g jf/, ;fO6f]d]ufnf]
Ogsn' h g, xK; l ;DKn] S ;,
Pr=cfO=eL=, e]/L;]nfh' :6/ efO/;,
Xo' d g KofkLnf]d f / SofG8L8fsf]
;qmd0f n] kl g d' v sf ] So fG ;/
lgDTofpF 5.
kf]if0fsf] sdL M
kmnfd, h:tf, tfdf / DofugLh
vlgh kbfy{sf] sdLn] tGt'nfO{ PG6L
cS;L8] G6 tTjsf] sld / 6o' d/
–8f= k|sfz a'9fyf]sL
OGxfG;Lª k|mL /] l8snsf] pTkfbgdf
a[l4 ul/ / le6fldg P, O{ / ;L sf]
sdLn] PdfOgaf6 gfO{6«; PdfO{ gdf
abNg] qmd a9fO{ d'v sf] SofG;/
agfpF 5.
;'kf/L M
lxGb' wd{ tyf jf}4 wd{ cg';f/
wfld{s dxTj /fVg] ;'kf/Lsf] ;]jgn]
d'v vf]N g g;Sg] / d'v df 3fp
v6 L/f cf pg] cj : yf cf] / n
;jDo's; kmfOj|f];L; x'g] ub{5. TotL
x' F b f kl g ;' k f/L ;] j g g/f ] s ]
P/]SjfO{8Lg / P/]sf]lng cNsNjfO{8
n] l8= Pg= P= nfO{ jblnO{ d'vsf]
SofG;/ agfpg] ub{5.
rf] 6k6s, bL3{ s fnLg 3if{0 f
M uPsf] kfO{P sf] atfO{ P sf] 5. w]/ }
ltlvnf bfF t, gldn]s f bfFt,
gldn]sf gSsnL bfFt, efFlrPsf bfFt,
kmf]xf]/ d'v, sd t]n ePsf] vfgf,
Hofb} d;nfbf/, tftf] vfgf, /ftf]
v' ;f { gL, w] / } g' g, nuftf/ nfdf]
;do;Dd k| o f] u ubf{ 3fp eP/,
/u8Lo/, d'vsf] SofG;/ aGb5.
;"o{sf] k|sfz / PS;/] M
cN6«f efOn] 6 , cfof] gfOlhu+
ljsL/0f / PS;/] n ] klg d' v sf]
SofG;/ k|fotM tNnf] cf]7sf] SofG;/
agfpg ;Sb5. ;" o { s f] k| s fzn]
5fnfsf] / cf]7sf] SofG;/ agfp5.
of] SofG;/ 3/ aflx/ sfd ug]{,uf]/f]
j0f{sf k'?ifdf, ck|;f]lwt lnk l:6s,
lnk nfO{g/ cfbL k|of]u ug]{df a9L
b]lvg] ub{5.
sl/a b'O{ k|l tzt eGbf sd
d'vsf SofG;/x? cfg'j+ zLs tyf
j+zfg'ut ?kdf kl/jf/df klg ePsf]
b]lvG5. d'vsf] SofG;/ /Qm ;d"x
P ePsfdf a9L / O ePsf]df Go"g
;+efjgf /x] s f] b]l vG5. To;} u/L
d' vsf] SofG;/ $% jif{eGbf a9L
pd]/ sfdf (% k| l tzt b]l vPsf] n ]
pd]/nfO{ klg sf/0f dfGg ;lsG5.
a9\bf] d'vd}y'gn] ubf{ cd]l/sL
o'jfx?df d'vsf] SofG;/ a9L /x]sf]
5. cf]/n ;]S ; k|ltsf] cfsif{ 0fn]
d'v tyf 3fF6Lsf] SofG;/ a9L/x]sf]df
:jf:YosdL{x? lrlGtt ePsf 5g.
cf] / n ;] S ; ubf{ d' v df
SofG;/ agfpg ;Sg] KofkLnf] d f
efO{/; tLa| ultn] ;g]{ / a9\g] b'a}
x'G5. %) jif{ eGbf sd pd]/sfdf
d' v sf] SofG;/s f] k| d ' v sf/0f
Koflknf]df efO{/; g} b]lvPsf] 5.
cf] l xof ] l j Z jl j Bf no sf ]
vf]hdf ;d]t ;du|df ;'tL{ ;]jg eGbf
a9L d'vsf] d}y'g g} d'v SofG;/sf]
sf/s b]lvPsf] 5. 6lG;n / lha|f]sf]
tNnf] efusf] SofG;/df ^) b]lv &)
@)&^÷)&÷@^ d+unjf/
k| ltzt sf/sdf Xo' dg Koflknf] df
efO{/; g} b]lvPsf] 5.
T o: t} a ] n fo tdf eP sf ]
cg';Gwfgdf a9L of}g;fyL jf ^ eGbf
a9L of} g;fyL x' g]df PrkLeLn] x' g]
3fF6L / 6fpsfsf] SofG;/ $ u'0ff a9L
x'G5 eGg] b]lvPsf] 5.
w] / } of} g;fyLx?;+ u ;DaGw
agfP/ d' v d}y' g ug] { dlxnfx?df
d'v tyf 3fF6 Lsf] SofG;/ x'g;Sg]
;+efjgf a9L ePsf] xfn} l:j8]gdf
ul/Psf] cg';Gwfgn] kQf nufPsf] 5.
k| hgg cu+s f] /f] u h] gfO{ 6n
jf6{sf] nflu lhDd]jf/ laiff0f' k]lknf]df
efO{/;sf sf/0f g} cfhsn d'v tyf
3fF6Lsf] SofG;/sf] k|d'v sf/s aGb}
A o lQ m;+ u zf/L l /s ;Da G w
/fVg]x?nfO{ h]gfO{6n jf6{ x'g] vt/f
;j}eGbf a9L x'G5. xfn d'v tyf
3fF 6L SofG;/ ePsfdf klg d' v
d} y ' g sf ] O{ l txf; ePs fn] d' v
d}y'gaf6} SofG;/ ePsf] k'li6 u/]sf
x' g.
kfZrfTo d' n' sdf ;g !(%)
eGbf ;g @))( df d'vsf SofG;/sf
la/fdL b'O{u0ff a9] sf]n ] dBkfgnfO{
sf/s dfGb} cfO{ P sf] lyof] . t/
;ef{O{ s n SofG;/ agfpg] k| d v
sf/s Pr=kL=eL=sf] ;qmd0f klg
d'vdf b]lvPsf] 5.
a9\b f] cfw'l gstf / lanf;L
hLjgn] tyf Pr=cfO{=eL af6 aRg
eGb} d'v d}y'g cf]/n ;]S;sf] a9\bf]
k|o f]u n] xf] ls egL ;f] R g afWo
agfPsf] 5. o; ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg
a]nfot / cd]l/sfdf e}/x]sf 5g\ /
;DaG w ;s f /fT ds eP s f] n ]
ufO{8nfO{g O{g cf]/n ;]S; PlS6eL6L
Nofpg] tof/Ldf ;d]t h'6]sf 5g.
nIf0f tyf lrGx?n] d' vsf]
SofG;/ ePsf] z+sf pTkGg u/]tf klg
lgbfg eg] pQm 3fp vl6 /f jf
;'hgaf6 lnPsf] df;'/>fjåf/f g} ug]{
ul/G5. h:nfO{ xfdL jfof]K;L eGg]
ub{5f} +.
pkrf/ M
s'g}klg SofG;/sf] pkrf/ slt
;kmn /xG5 eGg] s'/ f SofG;/sf]
cj:yf, :yfg, k|sf/ tyf lsl;dn]
;fy} la/fdLsf] :jf:Yo cj:yf /
pd]/n] klg lgwf{/0f ub{5. olb z'?s}
cj:yfdf g} SofG;/sf] lgbfg x'g
;Sof] / pkrf/ z'? ul/of] eg] pd]/
9lNs;s]sf / /f]usf] cj:yf hl6n
tyf l9nf] e} ;s]sf]df eGbf ;kmn
/xG5 / SofG;/ lgsf] e} wghgsf]
Iflt Go'lgs/0f ug{ ;lsG5.
/f]syfd M
xfn ;Dd k| fKt 1fg, zLk /
k|ljlwn] Ps ltxfO{ SofG;/ x'g' cufj}
/f]syfd ug{ ;lsg], csf]{ Ps ltxfO{
;do d} kQf nufO{ pkrf/ ul/ lgsf]
ug{ ;lsg] / afFls Ps ltxfO{nfO{ lgsf]
kfg{ g;s] klg o; /f]u af6 x'g] lk8f
sd ul/ :t/Lo cfo' nDAofpg
;lsG5.
z'?df pkrf/ u/] SofG;/ lgsf]
x'G5 t}klg d'vsf] SofG;/af6 kfOg]
b'Mv, x'g] ljs[lt / ljleGg ;d:of
tyf nfUg] pkrf/ vr{nfO{ ;lhn};Fu
lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsg] ePsf]n] /f]usf]
pkrf/ ug{'eGbf /f]u nfUg glbg' g}
pQd x' G 5. d' v sf] SofG;/nfO{
lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 lsg eg] :
!= d'vsf] SofG;/ agfpg ;Sg]
sf/0fx? nfdf] ;dob] lv klxrfg
eO;s]sf 5g\.
@= d'vdf ePsf kl/jt{g, 3fp
vl6/f, bfu ;lhn};Fu x]g{, lgbfg ug{
;lhnf] 5.
g]NK o6fsf] kf“ R ff} ;fwf/0f
' 7 f g . g] k f n O+ l Un; a9\b} uPsf] 5. g]N6fn] s]Gb:t/df
Nofª\j]h l6r;{ P;f]l;P;g -g]N6f_
Ko"7fgsf] kfFrf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
zlgaf/ hgtf dfWolds ljfUb'nfdf
;DkGg ePsf] 5. g]N 6f Ko" 7fgsf
cWoIf OGb|dl0f kf]v|]nsf] cWoIftfdf
;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] xf].
c+ u | ] h L efif f k9 f pg]
lzIfsx?sf] k]zfut ljsf;sf nflu
/fli6«o :t/df u7Lt :jo;]jL of]
;+:yf /fli6«o:t/df u7Lt ;+:yf xf].
o;sf s]G b| k|b]z / lhNnf txdf
;ldltx? /x]sf] 5.
g] k f n nuf o t l j Zj s f
clwsf+ z ljsf;f]G d'v d'n 'sx?df
a9\b} uPsf] c+u|]hL lzIffk|ltsf] df]x
ladfsf] kmfOn x/fPsf] ;DjGwL ;"rgf Û
afUb'n faf6 vn+u f hfg] qmddf afUb'n f
k'Nrf]sdf g]kfn nfOkm OG;'/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8
ljdfsf] tklzn adf]lhd ljds /x]sf] kmfOn
x/fPsf]n] glhs}sf] k|x/L rf}sL jf Go' ljho
;'g rflb k;n afUb'nfdf a'emfOlbg'x'g cg'/f]w
5.
ljdssf] gfd M s[li6gf ;'gf/
kmf] g (*^$(%(#(#
%
#= k|f oh;f] d'vsf SofG;/,
SofG;/ x'g'eGbf klxn]s f] cj:yf
lk|SofG;]/; lnhg / sG8L;g eP/
dfq} cfpFg] ub{5g.
t;y { d' v s f] Sof G ;/s f ]
/f]syfd eg]s} ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jg
gug]{, dBkfg, ;'kf/LhGo kbfy{ gvfg]
bL3{sfnLg rf]6k6s, 3if{0faf6 d'Qm
/xg] , w] / } tftf] gvfg] , ;+ qmd0fsf]
pkrf/ ug]{, cvfB kbfy{,/;folgs
kbfy{sf] ;+ ;u{df gcfpg], /fd|f] ;+u
d'vsf] ;kmfO{ ug]{, s'Nnf ug]{, ;Gt'lnt
vfgf, xl/of] ;fukft, kmnkm'n vfg],
h:tf s' / f x' g ] ePs f] n ] o :n]
dflg;nfO{ :jf:Yo /fVg'sf ;fy} ;a}
SofG;/af6 6f9 f /fVg ;xof] u
k' ¥ofpFb 5.
g/fd| f cfbt jfgL, /xg;xg
Tofu]/ / dlxgfsf] Ps k6s cfˆgf]
d'vsf] :jo+ P]gf cuf8L d'v k/LIf0f
ty f k| T o ] s ^/^ dlxgf df bGt
l rls T ;s / Ps P s j if{ d f
lrlsT;s;Fu d'v / :jf:Yo k/LIf0f
u/fpg] jfgL a;fNof} F eg] d'v sf]
SofG;/sf] /f]syfd x'G5.
cGtdf,SofG;/ lgsf ] x' G 5
z' ?df pkrf/ u/]d f. To;}d f cem
SofG;/ x'g'eGbf klxn]s f] cj:yf
lk|SofG;]/; lnhg / sG8L;g ePs}
cj:yfdf, cfbtjfgL /f]Sg ;lsof],
sf/0f x6fpg ;lsof] / pkrf/ ul/of]
eg] d'vsf] SofG;/ x'g} kfpFb}g.
# al/i7 sG;n6]G 6 8] 06n
;h{g 8f= a'9 fyf] sL d'v :jf:Yo
;ldltsf s]lG›o ;+of]hs tyf :jf:Yo
dGqf nos f ] pkrf/f T ds ;] j f
dxfzfvf cGt/ut{ cfFvf, gfs,sfg,
3fF6L tyf d'v :jf:Yosf k|d'v x'g\.
g]kfnL x]Nyaf6.
;ef ;DkGg
cfˆgf lgoldt k|sfzgx? h:t} g]N6f
hg {n /k\sflzt ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5.
s]Gb| :t/df @% jif{sf] cjlwdf
g] N 6fn] g]k fndf c+ u | ] hL lzIffsf]
;doqmd df ePsf] lasf; / o;;Fu
;DalGwt ljljw kIfx?sf] af/] df
of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5.
g] k f nsf ] c+ u | ] h L lzI f fdf
b]lvPsf ljs[lt Pj+ lj;+ultx?sf]
;dfwfg u/]/ b]zdf Pp6f ;kmn /
e/kbf]{ c+u|]hL lzIff gLlt th{'df ug{
g] kfn ;/sf/, lzIff dGqfno Pj+
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ ;d] t ;do
;dodf o; ;+ : y fn] bjfj lbb}
cfO/x]sf] 5.
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b]jsf]6fsf] /fhgLlts ;lqmotf
;hu J o l Qm cG o fo /
cTofrf/ ub}{g / u/]sf] klg ;xGg.
;dfhdf ePsf] To:tf] k|j[lQsf] lj/f]w
klg ub{ 5, lut ufpF g]n ] lutaf6,
efif0f ug]{ n] efif0faf6, snfsf/n]
T o ;s f ] df W o daf 6 / s l j
n] vsx?n] n]v gLsf] dfWodaf6
;dof g' ; f/ eP sf ] cGo f o
cTofrf/sf] lj/f]w u/]s f] kfOG5.
;dfhdf ePsf] las[lt, lj;+ ult s'g}
g s'g} ?kaf6 aflx/ cfpF b5. xf],
zlQmsf] cf8df s]xL ;do bjfOPnf
t/ klg zlQm ;w} Pp6}sf] kx'F rdf
6]sb}g. ;To eg] bjfOP klg s;}n]
5]s] klg cfuf]n] hnfpFg] k|of; u/]
klg Tof] gi6 ePsf] x'Fb}g. lah ?kdf
/xL/x] s f] x' G 5. ;do cfPkl5
c+s'/0fsf] ?kdf
lg:sG5. ;Gbe{ b]jsf]6fsf] !!! cf}+ hGdhoGtL
To;}n]
;TotfnfO{ 1fgn] / ef}lts lj1fgn]
;d]t k| d fl0ft u/L dfGb} cfPsf]
kfOG5. s]jn dfGg] tl/sfdf dfq
km/s km/s tl/sfn] dfg]sf] kfOG5.
ef]ln sflQs @& ut] dxfslj hIdL
k| ;f b b] j s f ] 6 f s f ] !!! cf }
hGdhoGtL, pgL afFr]sf] eP pd]/n]
clxn] !!! jif{sf ;+;f/sf Ps b'O{
h]i7 gful/s dWo]df ulgGy] xf]nf.
lj=;+= !(^^ ;fn sflQs @& ut]
ef]lnsf] lbg To; a]nf z'qmjf/ nIdL
k"hfsf] /ftL (M%* ldg]6 hfF bf hGd]sf
b]j sf]6f %! jif{sf] pd]/df lbj+ut
eP . pgL n] v s f ] df W o da f 6
;f lxTos f] df Wo daf 6 ;+ ; f/sf
;flxTosf/x? dWo] sf h]i 7 5g\.
pgsf] ;flxToLs of]ubfgsf] rrf{ ;w}
h;f] nIdL hoGtL dgfpFb f ul/G5.
pgL ;flxTodf dfq xf]Og /fhgLltdf
;d]t ;lqmo lyP eGg] ljifodf of]
cfn]v s]lGb|t /xg] 5.
b]jsf]6fsf] hLjgsf] /fhgLlts
kIf klg TolTts} /f]r s 5. pgL
/f0ffsfndf hlGdP / x'ls{o a9]. To;
;do ;+:s[tsf] sd{sf08sf] k9fOdf
a|fXd0fx? nfUg] ub{y]. nIdL k|;fb
b]jsf]6f b/jf/ xfO:s'n df egf{ eO{
c+ u|] hL k9g yfn]. c+u |] hL efiffdf
afnL ljdf s;/L==================================
afnL ladfn]vcGtu{t s'g} xfgL
gf] S ;fgL eP df T o : tf ] xf gL
gf]S;fgLsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ / ladfn]vsf]
cfwf/df Ifltsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ sfo{
;DalGwt afnL ljz]if1 jf k|fljlws
JolQmåf/f u/fOg]5. bfaL ubf{ ladf
sDkgLsf] 9fFrfdf /x]sf] bfaL kmf/dnfO{
;ftwfd dWo]sf] Ps wfld{s
tLy{:yn :ju{4f/L
:ju{4f/L hfcf}+, cfGtl/s ko{6gnfO{ k|j4{g u/f}+
:ju{åf/L cf>d kl/jf/
klg pgsf] bvn a9\b} uof] . g]kfnL
;flxTodf t pgnfO{ ;/:jtLsf]
j/bfg g} ldn]sf] lyof]. pgL dfl;s
?= &) df g]k fnL efiff k|s fzg
;ldltdf hflu/] ;d]t eP. kl5 pgL
lqrGb| sn]hdf k|Wofks eO{ cWofkg
k]zfdf ;+nUg eP. pgn] cGofo /
cT of rf / ;xg ;Sb} gy ] . T o;
;dosf] /f0ff ;/sf/sf] ;dy{ gdf
pgsf n]v /rgfx? k|sflzt geO{
5fofjfbL ?kdf eP klg lj/f]w df
n]lvPsf] kfOGYof]. pgn] To; ;do
n]v]sf] Pp6f sljtf o:tf] lyof] –
lglj8 lgv PsfGt
lsg x'G5;\ x] Û k+IL czfGt
s'g r:sfn] d/0fGt Û
of] sfnf] lglzsf] cf;gdf
g8/f gs/f x] Û k+IfL czfGt Û
pgsf] of] sljtf leq oxfF ;w}
sfn/fqL x' F b } g, pHofnf lbgx?
cfpF b5g\ , w}o { eO{ j;, ;Totfdf
/xF , ;Tosf] cfjfh lgsfn eGg]
;Gb]z lyof] . pgL @))$ ;fndf
lqrGb| sn]hsf] k|Wofkg k]zfnfO{ 5f8]/
/f0ff zf;gsf] l a?4 k| h ftflGqs
cfGbf] n gdf ef/tsf] jgf/df k'u L
o'ujf0fL klqsfsf] ;Dkfbg ;d]t ug{
yfn]. pgL k|hftGq k|lt k| ltj4 >i6f
x'g\. b]jsf]6f k|hftGq k|fKtLsf] nflu
;z:q d'lQm ;]gf u7g ug]{ qmddf
s]b f/dfg Jolytsf] ;fy bflh{ lnË
If] qdf ;d] t ;lqmo eO{ ;+u 7gdf
nfu]sf lyP. /f0ff ;/sf/n] pgnfO{
k|Wofkg k]zfsf] vf/]h u/]s f] lyof].
3/sf] tfohft ;d] t u/L ;DklQ
/f]Ssf u/]sf] lyof] b]jsf]6f :jfeLdfgL
>i6f lyP. s;} ;Fu bofFd f afFR g
rfxGgy].
k| hftGqsf] k|f KtL kl5 b]z /
hgtfsf] kIfdf tTsfnLg ;/sf/n]
sfo{ gu/]sf]df b]jsf]6f lgs} c;Gt'i6
lyP. pgn] eg]sf lyP. clxn] /f0ffsf]
abnf sf+ +u|]; ;Qfdf 5. JolQm dfq
kl/jt{g eP/ s] xL x'F b}g, /f0ff klg
:jb]zs} gful/s x'g\. d'Vo s'/f b]z
/fd|f ];Fu eg{ 'k5{.
;fy} ;DalGwt k| fljlwsnfO{
Ifltsf] d"Nof+sg u/fO{ k] ; ePsf]
ljj/0f tyf sDkgLn] bfaLsf nflu
cfj Z o s egL pNn] v u/] s f ]
sfuhftx¿;lxt bfaLsf] e'QmfgLsf
nflu lnlvt lgj]b g k] ; ug{' k5{.
@)&^÷)&÷@^ d+unjf/ ^
;flxTo÷sljtf
…lrgf x/fPsf] dÚ
;'Gb/, zfGt, ljzfn
:jtGq / :jfwLg d]/f] wtL{sf] dfglrq
xfd| k'vf{sf] cfTd alnbfgn] sf]l/Psf] lyof]
cd/ /x]sf cd/l;+x / eLd em}F axfb'/ eLd;]g
sdn kf]v|]n oxL+sf] dfglrqdf pld|Psf lyP
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