Autocal

veisaprocessofst
eri
l
izati
onbysatur
atedsteam underreducedpr
essur
eabov
e100@c.St
eam
st
eril
i
zat
ioniscar
ri
edoutinapressurechambercal
l
edanaut oclave.
Descri
pti
on, 
Hist
ory,
 
Principl
e,
 Working,
 Appl
icati
ons
DESCRIPITI
ON
Moistheati
ngisdoneinanaut ocl
ave.Itconsist
sofast rongmet
all
i
cchamberusuallymadeofsat
inl
ess
st
eel.I
thasacov erf
itt
edwi t
hast eam vent,apressureandasaf
etyval
ue.Rubbergasketi
sfi
tt
edonthe
i
nnersideoftheli
d,i
nor dertomakeaut ocl
av eairt
ight.

Thecov eri
sclosedwithwingnut
sandbolts.Theel
ectr
ical
l
yheatedelementi
sfit
tedatt
hebot t
om to
heatthewatertoconverti
ntothesteam.Theperf
orat
edinnerchamberispl
acedonthestand.The
matreiali
sster
il
izedi
sloosel
ypackedintoit
.

HISTORY
Anaut ocl
aveisadeviceusedt
osteri
l
izeequi
pmentandsuppl
iesbysubjecti
ngthem tohi
ghpr
essur
e
saturat
edsteam at121degCforar
ound15-20minut
esdependingonthesizeoftheloadandt
he
contents.

Itwasinv
ent
edbycharl
eschamberl
andin1879,
alt
houghapr
ecur
sorknownasthest
eam di
gesterwas
creat
edbydensi
npapi
nin1679.Thenamecomesf r
om Gr
eekaut
o-,
ult
imat
elymeani
ngself
,andLati
n
clavi
smeani
ngkey-
-asel
f-
locki
ngdevi
ce.

PRINCI
PLE
Thepri
nci
pleoftheaut
oclav
eorsteam st
eri
l
izer
sist
hatwat
erboi
l
swheni
tsv
apourpr
essur
eequal
sthat
oft
hesurr
oundingatmosphere.

Whenpressur
eisinsidet
hecl
osedvessel
incr
eases,t
het
emper at
ureatwhichwaterboil
sal
soi
ncr
eases.
i
tisabett
erster
il
izi
ngagentt
handr
yheatbecausethest
atur
atedsteam haspenetr
ati
vepower
.

St
eam condensedt
owat
erandgi
vesupt
olat
entheatt
othatsur
afacewheni
tcomesi
ntocont
actwi
th
 t
hecool
ersur
face.

Theenergyavail
ablefr
om thi
slatentheati
sconsiderable.Forexample1600ml steam at100@cand
real
ese518cal ofheat
.Thelargereducti
oninthev ol
umesucksi nmor esteam i
nt heareaandt
he
processcont
inuoustil
lthet
emper at
ureofthesurfaceisraisedtothatoft
hesteam.

Thewat
eroft
hecondensat
ioni
sensur
esmoi
stercondi
ti
onsf
orki
l
li
ngoft
heexposedmi
croor
agani
sms.

Bacter
iaisi
ntr
incal
lymoresuspecti
bletomoistheatasbacter
ialpr
oteinscoagul
atesr
api
dlyand
condensedwaterensur
esmoi stcondi
ti
onsforkil
l
ingthemicrobespresent.

VARIOUSCOMPONENTSOFAUTOCLAVE
Vert
icl
eorhor
izont
alcy
li
nderwhi
chi
smadeofst
ainl
essst
eel
orguement
ali
nasuppor
ti
ngsheeti
ron
case.

Bysr
ewcl
ampsandai
rti
ghtbyasui
tabl
ewashert
hel
i
dort
hedoori
sfast
ened.

Theautocl
avei
sonitsl
idoruppersi
deadischar
getapeofai
randst
eam, apr
essureval
veanda
pressur
eguageandasafet
yvalv
ethatcanbesentt
oblowofatanydesi
redpressur
e.

Heat
ingi
sdonebygasorel
ect
ri
ci
ty.

Thedomast
icpressur
ecookerserv
esasami nat
ureaut
ocl
aveandmaybeusedf
orst
eri
l
izi
ngsmal
l
art
icl
esi
ncl
ini
csandsmallerest
abil
shment
s.

WORKI
NG
 Asuffi
cientquanti
tyofwateri
spouredi
ntothechamberaf
terr
emovingtheper
forat
edchamber
.The
l
evelofthewat eri
sadjust
edinsuchawaythati
tdoesnott
ouchthebott
om oftheperf
orat
ed
chamber.
 Themat er
iali
spackedintheper
for
atedchamber.Thel
idisthanclosedwi
ththewingnut
sandbolt
s.
Theautocl
av eisaswi
tchedontoheatthewat
er.Theventisopenedandsaft
yv al
vei
ssett
edthe
requi
redpressure.
 Whem steam st
art
scomingoutf
rom t
heventanditconti
nuousf
or5mi nsanditi
sthencl
osed.It
i
ndicat
esthatai
rhasbeenremov
ed.Thesteam pr
essurestar
tsr
aisi
nganditcomestothedesi
red
pr
essure.
 Ther efore10l bspersquar einchwi thcorespondi
ngtemperature121@caf t
erthest
atedperi
od,swit
ch
oftheaut oclave.Al l
owittocooltoabout40@cbef oreopeni
ngt hevent.Whenwholeofthesteam
i
nsidet heaut oclaveisremov ed,
thel i
disopenedandt hest
eril
i
sedmat eri
ali
stakenout.
TYPEOFTHEAUTOCLAVE
1. Simpl elaboratoryautoclave
2. Transpor atblebencht opautoclaves
3. Largesi mpl eaut ocl
ave
4. Downwar ddisplacementlaboratoryautocl
ave
5. Medi apr eparators
6. Multi purposel aborat
oryautocalve
7. Otheraut oclav e
 Hi
ghsecur
it
yaut
ocl
ave
 Por
ousl
oadst
eri
l
izer
s
 Lowt emperat
urest eam
PHARMACEUTI CALAPPLI CATIONS
1. Aut
oclav
esar ewi delyusedinmicr
obil
ogy,medici
ne,podi
atry
,tat
tooi
ng,bodypi
erci
ng,vet
eri
nar
y
sci
ence,
my cology ,
dentist
ryandprost
het
icsfabri
cat
ion.Theyvaryi
nsizeandfunct
iondependi
ngon
 themedi at obest er i
li
zed.
2. Ty pical l
oadsi ncludel abor atorygl asswar e,otherequi pmentandwast e, surgi cal inst r
ument sand
medi cal wast e.
3. Sterilizat ioni st het ot al dest ruct i
onofal l f
ormsofl i
fe, i
ncl udingbact eri
al spor es.I tisbestdonewi th
heat ,ei therdr yheati nanov en, orst eam underpr essur e.
4. Itiusedi nst erilizingofsur gical dr essi ngsandsur gical inst rument s.
5. Itisusedt ost er il
izet hecont ainer sandcl osur es.
6. Itisusedi nt hest er il
izingt hemaj or i
t yofof ficial injectionswhi chcanwi thst andt hepr essur eof15l b
persquar ei nchf or30mi ns.
7. Anot abl egr owi ngappl icat i
onofaut oclav esist hepr e- disposal treatmentandst eril
izat i
onofwast e
mat er ial, suchaspat hogeni chospi tal wast e.
8. Anewgener at i
onofwast econv ert ersi scapabl eofachi ev i
ngt hesameef fectwi thoutapr essure
vessel t ost er i
lizecul t
ur emedi a, rubbermat erial, gowns, dressing, gl
oves, etc.
9. Tocur ecomposi tesandi nt hev ulcani zat i
onofr ubberaut oclav esar ealsowi del yused.Thehi gh
heatandpr essur et hataut ocl avesal lowhel pt oensur et hatt hebestpossi blephy sical pr opertiesare
repeat abl yat tainabl e.
10.Amedi cal aut ocl av ei sadev icet hatusesst eam t ost er il
zeequi pmentandot herobj ect s.Thi s
meanst hatal lbact er i
a, v i
ruses, fungui andspor esar ei nact iv
at ed.Howev er ,suchast hose
associ at edwi thcr eut zf eldtjakobdi sease, maynotbedest royedbyaut ocl avingatt het ypi cal134
degCf ort hreemi nut esor121degCf or15mi nut es
ADVANTAGES
1. Steam aut oclav esar eadv antageousasi nsulat edmet al cont raptionspr ovidingi nt enseheatand
moi st ur et odecont ami nat eobj ect sand/ orwast e, accor di ngt ot heEnv i
ronment al Prot ect ionAgency
(EPA) .
2. Aut ocl av edest or ymi croor gani smsmor eefficient lythandr yheatandhencet hemat erialsi s
exposedt oal owert emper aturef orashor t
erper iod.
3. Itisusedf orst eril
izat ionofal argenumberofof fici
al i
nj ections.
4. Equi pment sorpar tsofr ubberandpl ast icsuchasny l
oneandPVCcanbewi thst andt het emper at
ure
andt hepr essur er equi redf orst er il
izat ion.
5. Al argequant ityofmat er i
alscanbest erili
zedi nonebat chusi ngabi gaut ocl av e.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Itisunsui tabl ef orst erilisationofpowder sandoi l
s.
2. Itcannotbeusedf orst er il
isationofar ticleswhi chgetspol i
edat115-116@cf or30mi nssuchas
plast i
csandi nj ect ions.