DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS

A MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

AUTOMATED HORN SYSTEM

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. G. S. THAKUR

SUBMITTED BY:

MISS. NEHA MAKARAND ABHYANKAR

MISS. SAMIKSHA HRUDAYNATH CHOPADE

MISS. AKANKSHA APPASAHEB DESAI

(THIRD YEAR 2018-2019)

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that,
Miss. Neha Makarand Abhyankar

Miss. Akanksha Desai

Miss. Samiksha Chopade

Students of Third Year Electronics Engineering have satisfactorily completed the

project work entitled "Automated Horn System" for the academic year 2018-
2019.

This report represents the project work done by the students.

Place: Kolhapur

Date: 2nd April 2019

Guide External Examiner

(Prof. G. S. THAKUR)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, we would like to acknowledge our project guide Prof. G. S. Thakur and head of
department Prof. A. R. Nigavekar, Electronics department, KIT's College of Engineering
Kolhapur, under whom we had the privilege to work with determination and the confidence
shown by him on us. He boosted our moral and motivated us to perform better in preparing the
project. We are thankful all the staff members of our department for giving us guidance for
making this project success.

Last but not the least, we would like to thank our parents for their support in implementing this
project and provide us with whatever facility we amateurs required.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. Content Title Page No.

1 Introduction 5
2 Problem Definition 7

3 Objectives 7

4 Task Table 8
5 Project Plan 9

6 Requirement Analysis 11
7 Specification Development 12

8 Block Diagram 17
9 Schematic Diagram 18

10 Component List 19
12 Sensor Mounting 20

13 Flow Chart 22

14 Microcontroller Program 23
15 Test Strategy 27

16 Individual Contribution 28
17 Observation Table 29

18 Result 30

19 Conclusion 31

20 References 32

21 Component Datasheets 33

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 INTRODUCTION
Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human
assistance. Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment
such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching on telephone
networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or
reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated. Automation covers
applications ranging from a household thermostat controlling a boiler, to a large industrial control system
with tens of thousands of input measurements and output control signals. In control complexity, it can
range from simple on-off control to multi-variable high-level algorithms. In the simplest type of an
automatic control loop, a controller compares a measured value of a process with a desired set value, and
processes the resulting error signal to change some input to the process, in such a way that the process
stays at its set point despite disturbances. This closed-loop control is an application of negative feedback
to a system. The mathematical basis of control theory was begun in the 18th century, and advanced
rapidly in the 20th.Automation has been achieved by various means including
mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combination.
Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes and ships typically use all these combined
techniques. The benefit of automation includes labor savings, savings in electricity costs, savings in
material costs, and improvements to quality, accuracy and precision.
Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with
harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly
caused by machines, transport and propagation systems. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise
pollution, side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential
areas. Some of the main sources of noise in residential areas include loud music, transportation noise,
lawn care maintenance, nearby construction, or young people yelling (sports games). Noise pollution
associated with household electricity generators is an emerging environmental degradation in many
developing nations. The average noise level of 97.60 dB obtained exceeded the WHO value of 50 dB
allowed for residential areas. Research suggests that noise pollution is the highest in low-income and
racial minority neighborhoods. It is less known that traffic noise adds to this incessant vehicular assault
on human health. Revving motors, ceaseless honking, overloaded vehicles and blaring music not just
damage the health of commuters but also those who live or work around busy roads. Annoyance,
irritability and hearing damage are the obvious fallouts, but several studies show that traffic noise leads to
high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, heart failure, diabetes, depression, memory impairment,
disrupted sleep and hyperactivity in children. With the time spent commuting growing by the day in noisy
cities, both big and small, even those who do not live close to busy roads risk sacrificing more than just
sleep.

Due to increase in vehicle the amount of pollution, that is generated by these vehicles have increased
significantly. This has in turn caused disturbances and therefore, in some areas such as in central cities,
near hospital, near school, zoos etc, honking (operating a horn to generate to generate sound) is prohibited
by law or regulation. On the contrary, the driver, in some areas uses the horn to draw attention of people
or the animals towards his vehicle. In general, there are many traffic signs in various areas to notice the
drivers not to operate horns. Additionally, or alternatively, local governments issue permanent or
temporary regulations the horn operations.

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However, some drivers ignore such traffic signs, forget, or do not know of such regulations, especially in
those areas that they are not familiar with, and thus operate horns in a wrong way against the regulations.
The only way by which the driver can honk is that if the driver gets close to the other cars range only then
the driver will have full access to honk, if the other car is not nearer to the car of the driver, he will not be
able to honk. Thus, it needs to provide a technical solution for automatically deciding the closeness of the
car and preventing unnecessary honking.

It is known that a horn, although indispensable for a vehicle, produces much noise. Thus, in some areas,
such as in central cities, near hospitals, schools or zoos, etc., honking (operating a horn to generate sound)
is prohibited by regulation. It uses Global Positioning System to 1.If in a current driving location where
honking is prohibited then the circuit will not allow to operate the horn to produce the noise. 2.If at
current location, when there is a need to honk, the horn is prepared to honk. 3.If at current location, the
horn is set in a free mode in which the driver may decide whether to operate horn or not according to the
real traffic condition.

Thus, Noise pollution seems to be a general problem, but when seen through global perspective it is a
major issue. When honking unnecessarily is reduced, it results in a peaceful environment and less stress
for the daily travelers. Travelling is a part of day-to-day life for every human, so when noise due to
unnecessary honking is eliminated humans will be able to sleep, concentrate and improvise their memory
efficiently. Therefore, with this this initiative overall stress is reduced and a peaceful journey will begin.

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 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Automation in the horn systems of the vehicles can be identified as need of the hour. The changes that we
have made to the existing system is that the horn won’t work unless a vehicle is close enough and also a
daily usage of manual honking has been reduced to ten i.e. after the driver has exhausted the ten manual
horns provided the horn will not work. By this way, we can avoid all the noise pollution and give a noise
free environment, this project ensures that there will be less noise generated by horn and we can avoid the
unnecessary honking where it is not at all required. Noise pollution causes a harmful impact on human
and animal life. The existing system is a patent registered is of way by which vehicle cannot honk unless
they are in some location of the city.

OBJECTIVES

 The main objective is reducing noise pollution.

 Reducing unnecessary honking by drivers.

 The Ultrasonic Sensor should successfully signal the microcontroller to act upon.

 The automated horn should turn on when an obstacle is detected.

 The manual horn button must have the capacity to blow only 10 times.

 The warning LED should glow when the obstacle is considerably too close.

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 TASK TABLE

TASK NO. TASK NAME OF ASSIGNED PERSON

1 Exploring of project idea Whole Group

2 Problem Definition and requirement analysis Neha Abhyankar

3 Literature survey Neha Abhyankar

4 Component selection Samiksha Chopade

5 Flow Chart Akanksha Desai

6 Procedure to use components Akanksha Desai

7 Schematic and Circuit Neha Abhyankar

8 Component purchase and testing Samiksha Chopade

9 Microcontroller Programming Akanksha Desai

10 PCB and Component soldering Samiksha Chopade

11 Component Integration Whole group

12 Testing Whole group

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 PROJECT PLAN
Main Task Sub Task

Month JAN 19 FEB 19 MAR 19

Sr. No.

Date

11-01-19

18-01-19

25-01-19

15-02-19

22-02-19

15-03-19

22-03-19
4-01-19

1-02-19

8-02-19

1-03-19

8-03-19
Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Exploring of project
idea
2 Problem definition
and requirement
analysis
3 Literature survey

4 Component Selection

5 Flow Chart

6 Procedure and use of

Components
7 Schematic and
Circuit
8 Component Purchase
and Testing
9 Microcontroller
Programming
10 PCB and component
Soldering
11 Component
Integration
12 Testing

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 EXECUTED PLAN

Month JAN 19 FEB 19 MAR 19

Sr. No.

Date

11-01-19

18-01-19

25-01-19

15-02-19

22-02-19

15-03-19

22-03-19
4-01-19

1-02-19

8-02-19

1-03-19

8-03-19
Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Exploring of project
idea
2 Problem definition
and requirement
analysis
3 Literature survey

4 Component Selection

5 Flow Chart

6 Procedure and use of

Components
7 Schematic and
Circuit
8 Component Purchase
and Testing
9 Microcontroller
Programming
10 PCB and component
Soldering
11 Component
Integration
12 Testing

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 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
In order to do the automated horn system the following conditions need to be met:

1) The system should have a sensor to detect the obstacle at a required distance.

2) The system should have a properly programmed microcontroller in order for it to work as per

requirement.

3) The developed system prototype should also have a buzzer that turns on obstacle detection.

4) The system must have a manual push button to mirror the manual horn in vehicles.

5) The prototype system should have a warning LED that will glow in case of danger of collision

6) The system should work on an unregulated supply of 9V.

7) It should have the required connecters and male to female wires in order to connect the controller

successfully.

8) It must be equipped with a DC connecter for the supply connection of the 9V.

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 SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT

1) Aurdino Uno Atmega328

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal
oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything
needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it
with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it
does not use the FTDIUSB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a
USB-to-serial converter."Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of
Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The
Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino
platform; for a comparison with previous versions, see the index of Arduino boards.

Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

Current per I/O Pin 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader SRAM 2 KB

EEPROM

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The
powersource is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-
DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive
plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers
of the POWER connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied
with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be
unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:

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 • VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed
to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through
this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.

• 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the
board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or another
regulated 5V supply.

• 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.

• GND. Ground pins.

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 20 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 can be used as analog inputs), a 16 MHz resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP) header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer (or appropriate wall
power adapter) with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
Instead, it features an ATmega16U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. This auxiliary
microcontroller has its own USB bootloader, which allows advanced users to reprogram it. The Arduino
has a large support community and an extensive set of support libraries and hardware add-on “shields”
(e.g. you can easily make your Arduino wireless with our Wixel shield), making it a great introductory
platform for embedded electronics

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 2) Ultrasonic Sensor HC SR04

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine distance to an object like bats do. It offers
excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and stable readings in an easy-to-use package. It
comes complete with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules.

Here’s a list of some of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor features and specs:

 Power Supply :+5V DC

 Quiescent Current : <2mA
 Working Current: 15mA
 Effectual Angle: <15°
 Ranging Distance : 2cm – 400 cm/1″ – 13ft
 Resolution : 0.3 cm
 Measuring Angle: 30 degree
 Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS
 Dimension: 45mm x 20mm x 15mm

The ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object. Here’s what happens:

1. The transmitter (trig pin) sends a signal: a high-frequency sound.

2. When the signal finds an object, it is reflected and…
3. … the transmitter (echo pin) receives it.

When the sound waves hit the receiver, it turns the Echo pin high for however long the waves
were traveling for. To get that, we can use a handy Arduino function called pulseIn(). It takes 2
arguments, the pin you are listening to(In our case, the Echo pin), and a state(HIGH or LOW).
What the function does is waits for the pin to go whichever sate you put in, starts timing, and
then stops timing when it switches to the other state. In our case we would put HIGH since we
want to start timing when the Echo pin goes high. We will store the time in the duration variable.
(It returns the time in microseconds)

Now that we have the time, we can use the equation speed = distance/time, but we will make
it time x speed = distance because we have the speed. What speed do we have? The speed of
sound, of course! The speed of sound is approximately 340 meters per second, but since
the pulseIn() function returns the time in microseconds, we will need to have a speed in
microseconds also, which is easy to get. A quick Google search for "speed of sound in
centimeters per microsecond" will say that it is .0343 c/μS. You could do the math, but searching
it is easier. Anyway, with that information, we can calculate the distance! Just multiply the
duration by .0343 and the divide it by 2(Because the sound waves travel to the object AND
back). We will store that in the distance variable.

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3) Buzzer

The piezo buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect. The generation of
pressure variation or strain by the application of electric potential across a piezoelectric material is the
underlying principle. These buzzers can be used alert a user of an event corresponding to a switching
action, counter signal or sensor input. They are also used in alarm circuits.
The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation applied to it. It consists
of piezo crystals between two conductors. When a potential is applied across these crystals, they push
on one conductor and pull on the other. This, push and pull action, results in a sound wave. Most
buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz. The Red lead is connected to the Input and the
Black lead is connected to Ground.

Piezo buzzer is an electronic device commonly used to produce sound. Light weight, simple
construction and low price make it usable in various applications like car/truck reversing indicator,
computers, call bells etc. Piezo buzzer is based on the inverse principle of piezo electricity discovered
in 1880 by Jacques and Pierre Curie. It is the phenomena of generating electricity when mechanical
pressure is applied to certain materials and the vice versa is also true. Such materials are called piezo
electric materials. Piezo electric materials are either naturally available or manmade. Piezoceramic is
class of manmade material, which poses piezo electric effect and is widely used to make disc, the
heart of piezo buzzer. When subjected to an alternating electric field they stretch or compress, in
accordance with the frequency of the signal thereby producing sound.

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

PUSH BUTTON

ULTRASONIC
ARDUINO
SENSOR
UNO
BUZZER
ATMega

328

LED

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SCHEMATIC

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 COMPONENT LIST

Sr. No. COMPONENTS

1 Arduino Uno ATMega328

2 Ultrasonic Sensor HC SR04

3 Buzzer

4 Push to ON button

5 10 kiloOhm Resistor

6 Red LED

7 Male to Female Connector wires

8 9V Battery

9 DC Connector

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 SENSOR MOUNTS
The ultrasonic sensor emits an ultrasonic wave from the trigger which comes back after hitting the object
and it is received by the echo. The echo will then tell us the distance traveled in microseconds. To send an
ultrasonic wave from the trigger, we will have to set the trigger high for 10us. This will send an 8 cycle
sonic burst at 40 kHz which will hit the object and is then received by the echo. We have got the time in
microseconds but we need to calculate the distance. So, we will use the equation below.

S=v*t

We have the value of t and we know that the speed of a sound wave is 340m/s. We have to convert the
speed of sound into cm/us to calculate the distance. The speed of sound in cm/us is 0.034cm/us. The
equation now will become ...

S = (0.034 * t)

We will divide this equation by 2 because we only require the distance it takes to hit the object and not
the distance it takes to hit the object and come back. So, the final equation will be

S = (0.035 * t)/2

high or low. We will get the distance value using the equation above and after that, we will set a value
which will help us make the buzzer

After that, make the connections for the buzzer and the Arduino. Connect the positive pin on the buzzer
with pin 10 on the Arduino and the buzzer's negative pin with the GND pin on the Arduino.

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses SONAR to determine the distance of an object just like the bats do.
It offers excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and stable readings in an easy-to-use
package from 2 cm to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet. The operation is not affected by sunlight or black
material, although acoustically, soft materials like cloth can be difficult to detect. It comes complete with
ultrasonic transmitter and receiver module.

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 FLOW CHART

START

Sensor output PUSH

between 10 to 50 cm BOTTON

YES
If D <15 ARDUINO BOARD If
count<11

NO YES NO
LED ON
BUZZER

STOP

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 PROGRAM
const int trigpin = 8; //sensor pin declaration

const int echopin = 9; //sensor pin declaration

int buz = 2; //buzzer declaration

int RED=4; //danger LED declaration

const int buttonPin = 3; //button pin declaration

const int ledPin = 13;

int buttonPushcounter = 0;

int buttonState = 0;

int lastButtonState = 0;

long duration, Distincms;

void setup()

pinMode(8, OUTPUT);

pinMode(9, INPUT);

pinMode(3, INPUT);

pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

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void loop()

digitalWrite(trigpin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigpin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigpin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echopin, HIGH);

Distincms = duration / 58;

delay(500);

int buttonState = digitalRead(pushButton);

if ((Distincms <= 200 && Distincms >= 50))

digitalWrite(2, HIGH);

else

digitalWrite(2, LOW);

if (Distincms <= 200 && Distincms >= 150) {

digitalWrite(6, HIGH);

Serial.print("check 1");

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 else if (Distincms <= 149 && Distincms >= 100) {

digitalWrite(5, HIGH);

Serial.print("check 2");

else if (Distincms <= 99 && Distincms >= 50) {

digitalWrite(4, HIGH);

Serial.print("danger");

buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);

if (buttonState != lastButtonState)

if (buttonState == HIGH)

if (buttonPushcounter <= 9)

digitalWrite(2, HIGH); //make buzzer pin high

buttonPushcounter++;

Serial.print("ON ");

Serial.print(buttonPushcounter);

} else

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 digitalWrite(2, LOW); //make buzzer pin low

Serial.print("OFF ");

lastButtonState = buttonState;

if (buttonPushcounter % 4 == 0)

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

} else

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

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 TEST STRATEGY

1) Plug the board into a USB port on your computer and check that the green LED power
indicator on the board illuminates. Standard Arduino boards (Uno, Duemilanove, and
Mega) have a green LED power indicator located near the reset switch.

2) The Tx and Rx lights of controller flash quickly while loading program.

3) Ultrasonic sensor working can be observed on serial monitor.

4) Buzzer checked when it turns ON according to the given conditions.

5) The proper working of the software can be seen on the serial monitor.

6) The check1 etc. features can be seen on serial monitor

7) The warning LED must glow in order to check its working.

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 INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION

Neha Abhyankar

I have been working as team member for this project. My contribution to this project is regarding
the problem definition and requirement analysis. I came across a problem statement given in the Smart
India Hackathon 2019 by Maruti Suzuki, which stated that, they required the students to find a solution to
avoid noise pollution due to honking and so a simple thought crossed my mind of automating the horn
system in the vehicles. The thrust was on designing it for all vehicles but we started with designing it for
2-wheelers.

I also surveyed the need for such a system and found it necessary from the statistics observed.
There have been a few prior implementations of this idea around the world but remains a concept. I was
also involved with the schematic and circuit of this project for which understanding of the components
was required and it was done by attending a two days workshop on arduino and its interfacing, which has
helped a lot in designing the project.

Akanksha Desai

I have been working as a team member for this project. Firstly, preparing a flow chart for proper
understanding of the project is where I have contributed. I personally think that without flow chart no idea
can practically come into existence and did it with foremost priority. Secondly, I was concerned with
knowing how to use the purchased components exactly and give a brief idea about it to my teammates.
This required me to study data sheets of the controllers and sensors that we have used and implement it
properly.

Ultimately, I have tried and coded the Arduino program according to the requirement of the
project. I faced many challenging errors while coding the software part of the project but with
determination to make this project a success the final program was coded without any errors or loop holes
in the idea. The coding required me to understand the arduino programming syntax and also the IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) that we were using for programming.

Samiksha Chopade

I have been working as a team member for this project. I did the selection of the required
components to successfully carry out the decided project. I studied the requirements placed by my team
member and fetched the appropriate components. It was my decision to use the Ultrasonic Sensor HC
SR04 as a obstacle detector because even though many sensors are available, they have their respective
drawbacks of getting affected due to light intensity or a medium present between them etc.

I have also contributed to the purchase and testing of the components by ordering the required
components of good quality and at reasonable price from Amazon.com. Keeping the project economic is
also a important aspect is what I believe, which includes cost efficient component usage. Lastly, I did the
proper assembling of the project, which included very careful soldering of the project components and
making it look less complicated and more presentable.

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 OBSERVATIONS

1) We observe from the serial monitor that the counter successfully counts the manual horn 10 times
after which it does not allow the user to turn on the buzzer.

2) Further, the ultrasonic sensor continuously responds to the controller about the range in which the
obstacle is present

3) The warning LED also glows when the obstacle comes in very close proximity

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 RESULT

CONDITION NOTIFICATION BUZZER

Range 200 cm to 150 cm Check 1 ON

Range 149 cm to 100 cm Check 2 ON

Range 99 cm to 50 cm LED Glows ON

Push button pressed < 11 times ON ON

Push button pressed > 10 times OFF OFF

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 CONCLUSION
From the overall process that has been carried out in development of this project it can be concluded that
automation in horn systems of vehicles can be a thoughtful step towards reducing noise pollution caused
by unnecessary or continuous honking. The idea can be implemented in real time and without any errors.
This would benefit many people who are affected by the cacophony caused by continuous and
unnecessary honking.

The entire process of this project i.e. from the very beginning of exploring the project idea to the final
testing of the assembled project was highly educative and helped us broaden our thinking. It required us
to study a new microcontroller and sensors, and to get our coding skills brushed up again.

After going through detailed survey and understanding of many reviews and papers available on the
automation of horn systems, we can confidently say that this system will definitely contribute to the new
age of automotive electronics and also fulfill an environmental cause to the betterment of it.

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 REFRENCES

Papers and Publications:

1) "AUTOMATIC VEHICLE HORN CONTROL SYSTEM USING PROXIMITY

SENSORS"-SAI KRISHNA PRASAD P, S.KEERTI, PARTHIV T, SURENDAR S , U.G
Students, Department of ECE, SRM Institute Of Science and Technology, Chennai-89

2) Borsky, P.N. (1970). The use of social surveys for measuring community response to noise
environments. In J.D. Chalupnik (Ed.), Transportation Noises. Seattle: University of Washington
Press, 219-227.

Websites:

1) http://ieeexplore.ieee.org
2) https://www.mathworks.com
3) https://www.wikipedia.org
4) http://www.analog.com
5) https://www.microchip.com
6) https://www.arduino.cc

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