South Eastern University Arts Research Session-2016

,e;J rkaj; jj;Jtq;fspy; kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;il ntspg;gLj;Jk;

rq;fuhpd; mj;itjf; Nfhl;ghL: Vida ,e;J jj;Jtq;fSldhd XH
xg;gpl;lha;T
N. Subaraj
Department of Languages, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka
subaraj84@yahoo.com

Ma;Tr; RUf;fk;:
itjpf jj;Jtq;fSs; xUik thjk; NgRk; xNu Nfhl;ghL mj;itjkhFk;. ,J
fp.gp. 8 Mk; E}w;whz;by; njd;dpe;jpahitr; NrHe;j rq;fuhr;rhhpahuhy; Njhw;wk;
ngw;wJ. ,jd; gpd;G Njhw;wk; ngw;w ,uhkhD[hpd; tprpl;lhj;itjk;>
kj;Jthr;rhhpahhpd; Jitjk; mj;NjhL irtrpj;jhe;jk; Mfpa Nfhl;ghl;L newpfs;
mj;itjj;ij tpkHrpf;f jtwtpy;iy. ,g;ngUe; jj;Jtq;fSs; mj;itjk; Vida
jj;Jtq;fis tpl kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;il ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ. nghJthf
jj;Jtq;fs; kdpjNear; rpe;jidfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;lit. jj;Jtq;fspd; Nehf;fk;
,Ug;Gg; nghUl;fspd; Njliy Nkw;nfhs;tJ kl;LNk. Mdhy; ,j;jifa
Njly;fSf;F kj;jpapy; kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;ilAk; typAWj;Jk; jj;Jtkhf
vq;qdk; mj;itjk; mikfpd;wJ vd;gJ Ma;Tg; gpur;rpidahfTs;sJ. gpuk;kk;>
[Ptd;> rlTyfk; Nghd;w jj;Jt Qhdq;fs; gw;wpa Njly;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;il vq;qdk; mj;itjf; Nfhl;ghL Rl;b epw;fpd;wJ vd
,dq;fhz;gJ ,t;tha;tpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,t;tha;T> Nfhl;ghl;L Ma;T> xg;gpay;
Ma;T Mfpa Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wJ. mj;itjr; rpe;jidfs; vt;thW
kdpjNeaq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd vd;gJ gw;wp Muha;tjw;F Nfhl;ghl;lha;T
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. rq;fuhpd; mj;itjj;Jld; Vida itjpf jj;Jtq;fis xg;gpl;L
kdpjNea xUikg;ghL gw;wp Muha;tjw;F xg;gpay; Ma;T gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,t;tha;tpd; Kjyhk; ju %yq;fshf rq;fuhpd; E}y;fs;> gh\;aq;fs; vd;gd
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Jiz %yq;fshf rq;fuhpd; mj;itjk; njhlHghfTk; >
,e;jpa nka;apay; njhlHghfTk; ntspte;j E}y;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
mj;itjk; Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wikia typAWj;Jfpd;w jj;JtkhFk;. Vida
jj;Jtf;Nfhl;ghLfs; Nghd;W mj;itjk; [Pthj;khf;fSf;fpilNa Ngjk;
fw;gpf;fhky; xUik thjj;jpD}lhf kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;il ntspg;gLj;jp
epw;fpd;wJ.

gpujhd nrhw;gjq;fs;: mj;itjk;> xUikg;ghL> rq;fuH> kdpjNeak;

mwpKfk;:
,e;J nka;apay; njhlHghd mwpT Kjy; Muha;r;rp ,e;J rkaj;jpy;
,Ue;J gphpj;J Nehf;fg;gl Kbahj xU gFjpahf cs;sJ. ,e;J
nka;apay; njhlHghd rpe;jidfSk;> Ma;TfSk; njhlHe;J ,lk; ngw;w
tz;zNk cs;sd. ,e;J nka;apaYf;nfd xU tuyhW $wg;gLkhapd;
kpfr; rpwg;G tha;e;j ,e;J jj;Jtr;rpe;jidfis mJ fz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
,Ug;Gg; nghUl;fspd; jd;ik vj;jifaJ vd;gJ gw;wpa NjlNy ,j;jifa
jj;Jt rpe;jidfspd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhFk;. ,tw;wpd; Njly;fSk; mJ
ikag;gLj;jpa rpe;jidfSk;> jj;Jtg;Nghf;FfSk; mt;ttHfspd;
Muha;r;rpfisg; nghWj;Nj mikfpd;wd. fhye;NjhWk; Njhd;wp tsUk;
jj;Jtr; rpe;jidfs; midj;Jk; Kd;ida rpe;jidfSld; nghpJk;
xd;wpNa fhzg;gl;lhYk; jdf;nfd jdpj;Jtkhd rpe;jidfis my;yJ
GjpaNjhH rpe;jidfis $wptplhky; nry;tjpy;iy.
itjpf jj;Jtkhd Ntjhe;j rpe;jid kugpy; xUik thjk; NgRk;
rq;fuhpd; mj;itjk; itjpf jj;Jtq;fSs; rpwg;ghdJk;> rw;W khWghlhd

1
Culture & History
 South Eastern University Arts Research Session-2016

rpe;jidfisf; nfhz;lJkhFk;. gpu];jhd jpuaq;fSf;F vOjg;gl;l

ntt;NtW gh];aq;fNs Ntjhe;j jj;Jtq;fshf cUthfpd.
,t;tbg;gilapy; fp.gp. 8 Mk; E}w;whz;by; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ rq;fuhpd;
(fp.gp.788 – 820) mj;itjf; Nfhl;ghlhFk;.

mj;itjf; Nfhl;ghl;il tpkHrpg;gijNa Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L Njhw;wg;

ngw;wNj ,uhkhD[hpd; (fp.gp. 1017 – 1137) tprpl;lhj;itjkhFk;. Mdhy;
,uhkhD[iug; ghHf;fpYk; mj;itjf; Nfhl;ghl;il kpfr;rpwg;ghf tpkHrpj;J
tsHr;rp ngw;w jj;Jtf; Nfhl;ghlhf tpsq;FtJ kj;Jthr;rhhpahhpd; Jitj
Ntjhe;jkhFk;. ,r;rkfhyj;jpy; Njhw;wk; ngw;w kw;WNkhH jj;Jkhf
irtrpj;jhe;jk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. Ntjhe;jk;> irtrpj;jhe;jk; Mfpa
,t;tpUngUk; jj;Jtq;fSk; njd;dpe;jpahTf;Fhpad vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
tplakhFk;. ,t;tpU ngUe; jj;Jtq;fSs; Ntjhe;jg; gphpTf;Fs;
cs;slq;Fk; “mj;itjk;” kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;il ntspg;gLj;jp
epw;fpd;wJ. ,J vt;tifapy; nghUj;jg;ghLilaJ vd;gij Muha;tNj
,f;fl;Liuapd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhFk;.
Ma;Tg; gpur;rpid
nghJthf jj;Jtq;fs; kdpjNeak;> xw;Wik Nghd;w rpe;jidfSf;F
mg;ghw;gl;lJ. jj;Jtq;fspd; Nehf;fk; ,Ug;Gg; nghUl;fspd; Njliy
Nkw;nfhs;tJ kl;LNk. ,Uj;jYf;FhpaJ vJ? vjid guk;nghUnsd
miog;gJ? Md;kh vd;gJ vd;d? mJ vt;thW Njhd;wpaJ? gpugQ;rk;
vt;thW Njhd;wpaJ? vd;gJ gw;wpa Njlyhf miktNj jj;JtkhFk;.
Mdhy; ,j;jifa Njly;fSf;F kj;jpapy; kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;ilAk;
typAWj;Jk; jj;Jtkhf mj;itjk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Ma;tpd; Nehf;fq;fs;

1. gpuk;kk;> [Ptd;> rlTyfk; Nghd;w jj;Jt Qhdq;fs; gw;wpa

Njly;fSf;F kj;jpapy; kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;il vq;qdk;
mj;itjf; Nfhl;ghL Rl;b epw;fpd;wJ vd ,dq;fhzy;
2. ,t;thwd vLj;Jf; fhl;L %yk; mj;itj rpe;jidia gw;wpa
Mokhfg; GhpjYf;Fs;shjy;
3. mj;itjk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; kdpjNear; rpe;jidfis Vida itjpf
jj;Jtq;fSld; xg;gpl;L Nehf;Ftjd; %yk; ,J gw;wp njspthd
GhpjYf;Fs;shjy;

Ma;T Kiwapay;
01. Nfhl;ghl;L Ma;T:
mj;itjk; vDk; nka;apay; Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gilr;rpe;jidfs;
vt;thW kdpjNeaq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd vd;gJ gw;wp
Muha;tjw;F Nfhl;ghl;lha;T gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
02. xg;gpay; Ma;T:
rq;fuhpd; mj;itjj;Jld; irtrpj;jhe;jk;> ,uhkhD[hpd;
tprpl;lhj;itjk;> kj;Jthpd; Jitjk; kw;Wk; Vida itjpf
jj;Jtq;fs; xg;gpl;L kdpjNea xUikg;ghL gw;wp Muha;tjw;F
xg;gpay; Ma;T gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

2
Culture & History
 South Eastern University Arts Research Session-2016

Ma;T %yq;fs;
,t;tha;tpd; Kjyhk; ju %yq;fshf rq;fuhpd; E}y;fs;> gh\;aq;fs;
vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Jiz %yq;fshf rq;fuhpd; mj;itjk;
njhlHghfTk;> ,e;jpa nka;apay; njhlHghfTk; ntspte;j E}y;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

Ma;T KbTfs;

mj;itjk; vd;gjd; nghUis Nehf;fpd; ,J m + Jitjk; vd;W

gphpf;fg;gl;L m vd;why; my;y vdTk; Jitjk; vd;why; ,uz;L vd
nghUs; nfhs;sg;gl;L cz;ikg; nghUs; ,uz;L my;y xd;Nw vdf;
$wg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ gpuk;kk; kw;Wk; Md;kh vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLk;
rhh;gw;w guk;nghUNs cz;ikg;nghUs; vd;W mj;itjk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
,jid “gpuk;kNk cz;ikahd nghUs;> ,e;j cyfk; xU Njhw;wNk>
xt;nthU Md;khTk; gpuk;kNk Ntwpy;iy” vd;W Fwpg;gplyhk;.

mj;itjf; nfhs;ifapd;gb gpuk;kk; vDk; guk;nghUs; khj;jpuNk

cz;ikahd nghUs; Vida Md;kh kw;Wk; cyfk; vd;gd
Njhw;wg;nghUw;fNsahFk;. ,jpy; Md;kh vd;gJ cz;ikahdjy;y.
gpuk;kNk Md;kh vd;gjid gpujptpk;gthjk;> mgr;Nrj thjk; vd;gdtw;wpd;
ClhfTk; cyfk; vd;gJ cz;ikahdjy;y mJ xU Njhw;wg;nghUs;
vd;gjid tpth;j;j thjk;. fdT edT thjk; vd;gdtw;wpd; ClhfTk;
rq;fuh; njspTgLj;Jfpd;whh;. ,t;thW cs;sJ xNu xU Md;khNt mJNt
gukhd;kh vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; fhuzj;jpdhy; ,tUila nfhs;ifahdJ
Vfhd;kthjk; vdTk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

gpujptpk;g thjk;: gpuk;kk; kl;LNk cz;ik Md;kh vd;gJ cz;ikay;y

vd;gjid %yr; re;jpud; xd;Nw Mdhy; mJ ,t;Tyfj;jpy; cs;s ePh;
epiyfspy; gythW njhpfpd;wJ. ePh;epiyfs; tw;wpaJk; re;jpud; kl;LNk
vQ;rp ,Uf;Fk; mJ NghyNt gpuk;kk; khj;jpuNk cz;ik mg;gpuk;kNk
mtpj;ij fhuzkhf gy;NtW Md;khf;fshf Njhw;wkspf;fpd;wJ mtpj;ij
ePq;fpaJk; gpuk;kk; khj;jpuNk cz;ikahdJ vd;w cz;ik GydhFk;
vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
mtr;Nrj thjk;: Md;kh vd;gJ gpuk;kk;jhd; vd;gjid tsp vq;Fk;
gue;Js;sJ vdpDk; mt;tsp Flj;jpDs; mlf;fg;gLk; NghJ tbtj;jpid
gpd;G cilf;fg;gLk; NghJ Vida tspAld; fyf;fpd;wJ ,Nj NghyNt
Md;khTk; gpukKk; xd;Nw Md;kh khiaapd; fhuzkhf NtWgLfpd;wJ.
tpth;j;jthjk;: cyfk; ,y;yhjnghUs; vd;gjid ,jd;%yk;
tpsf;Ffpd;whh;. ,Uspy; fapW ghk;ghf njd;gLtJ Nghy; gpuk;kNk
khiaapd; fhuzkhf cyfkhf Njhd;Wfpd;wJ vd $Wfpd;whh; ,jd;gb
,Us; ePq;fp ntspr;rk; te;jTld; fz;lJ ghk;G my;y fapWjhd; vd;w
cz;ik GydhFk; mJNghy khia ePq;fpaJk; fhz;gJ cyF my;y
khwhf gpuk;kNk vd;w cz;ik GydhFk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
fdT> edT thjk;: ,t;thjj;jpid cyfk; vd;gJ cz;ikahdJ my;y
vd;gjid epWgdk; nra;tjw;fhf gad;gLj;Jfpd;whh;. ,jd;gb fdTyfpNy
ehk; fhZk; cyfpid edTyfpNy fhzKbahJ mJNghy fdTyfpNy
fhZk; cyfpid edTyfpNy fhzKbahJ vdNt cyfk; vd;gJ
cz;ikahdJ my;y vd;W epWgdk; nra;fpd;whh;.

3
Culture & History
 South Eastern University Arts Research Session-2016

mj;itjk; NgRk; xUikg;ghL gw;wp `phpaz;zh $Wk; fUj;Jf;fs; <z;L

Nehf;fw;ghyJ. kdpjDf;Fs;s FWfpa mfj;ijg; gw;wpa FUl;L md;gpdhy;
jdpg;gl;litfsplk; Vw;gLk; gw;wpw;Fg; gjpyhf mwpT tpsf;fk; ngw;wjdhy;
midthplKk; xj;j md;g nfhs;Sk; epiy mtHfSf;F Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
ek;ikg; Nghy; gpwiug; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtHfs; ehNk Mjypd; xOf;fk;
gw;wpa rpwe;j tpjpf;F ,f;fUj;J cWjpahd fhy;Nfhs; mikf;fpd;wJ.
vtd; jd;dpy; vy;yh capHfisAk;> vy;yh capHfspy; jd;idAk;
fhz;fpd;whNdh mtd; ahiuAk; ntWg;gjpy;iy vd mj;itj;jpd;
xUikg;ghl;Lr; rpe;jidfs; gw;wp tpghpf;fpd;whH jj;JtwpQH `phpaz;zh.

mj;itjk; Vida itjpf jj;Jtq;fisg; Nghyy;yhJ Ntw;Wikapy;

xw;Wikia typAWj;Jfpd;w jj;JtkhFk;. kdpjFy xUikg;ghL vd;gJ
rhjp> Fyk;> kjk;> nkhop vd;gtw;why; rpijf;fg;gl;l xd;whff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. “,J vdJ Njrk;”> “,g;nghUs; vdf;F kl;LNk chpaJ”
vd;gd Nghd;w Raeyg; Nghf;FfNs r%fj;jpy; G+ry;fs; Vw;gLtw;F
VJthf mikfpd;wd. “ahJk; CNu ahtUk; NfspH” vd;W md;Nw rq;fr;
nra;As; rKjha xw;Wikia typAWj;jpaJ. Mdhy; Kbe;j Kbthd
rpe;jidfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jj;Jt rpe;jidfSs; kdpjNea
xUikg;ghl;il mj;itjNk typAWj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.

epiwTiuAk; jPHTfSk;

Md;khf;fs; gy cs;sd vd;gJ itjpfj; jj;Jtq;fs; midj;jpdJk;

nghJthd rpe;jidahFk;. Mdhy; Md;khf;fs; gy my;y. mit
gythfj; njd;gl;lhYk; mit xd;Nw. me;j xd;Nw gukhj;kh. [Pthj;kh
vd;w xd;W ,Uf;fNt KbahJ. vdNt eP cz;ikapy; ePay;y. eP
cz;ikapy; flTs;> mJNghy; ehd; cz;ikapy; ehd; my;y. ehd;
cz;ikapy; flTs;> ,jid ehk; czHtjpy;iy. ,jw;F mwpahikNa
fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
rq;fuhpd; ,j;jj;Jt Nehf;F kdpjd; cyfpy; mbik ePq;fp ,d;gkhf tho
Ntz;Lk;> mJ mtdhy; ,aYk; vd;gjhFk;. ,e;Nehf;F mtUila
jiyrpwe;j cyF jOtpa kdpjhgpkhdj;ijAk; Njrg;gw;iwAk;
rkjHkg;gw;iwAk; jd;Ds; nfhz;lJ. md;W epytpa r%fr; #o;epiy
mj;jifa jj;Jt Nehf;if cz;lhf;fpj; je;jnjdyhk;.
Vida jj;Jtf;Nfhl;ghLfs; xUNghJk; gpuk;kj;Jld; Md;khf;fis
,izg;gjpy;iy. Md;kh NtW> gpuk;kk; NtW vd;gjid cWjpahf
tw;GWj;jp epw;fpd;wd. Kj;jp epiyapy; $l ,e;j NtWghL khw;wkilahJ
vd mit tw;GWj;Jfpd;wd. Mdhy; mj;itjk; [Pthj;khf;fSf;fpilNa
Ngjk; fw;gpf;fhky; xUikthjj;jpD}lhf kdpjNea xUikg;ghl;il
ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.
crhj;Jiz Ehy;fs;
1. ,uhkr;re;jpud;. jp.g. Jitj Ntjhe;jk;> nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk;>
1981
2. fe;jrhkp.Nrh.e. ,e;jpa jj;Jt fsQ;rpak;> njd;dfj; jj;Jtq;fs;>
njhFjp-3> nka;ag;gd; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id-2003.
3. kfhNjtd;.T.M.P. ,e;J rka jj;Jtq;fs;> jkpo; ntspaPl;Lf; fofk;>
nrd;id> 1964.

4
Culture & History
 South Eastern University Arts Research Session-2016

4. Basant Kumar Lal, Contemporary – Indian Philosophy, Motilal

Banarsidass,Bangalore,Madras, 1973
5. Dasgupta.S. A History of Indian Philosophy, Volume-IV, Motilal
Banarsidass Publication, Delhi, 1991.
6. Pratiba Sinha, Humanistic Views – In Indian Contemporary Philosophy,
New Delhi, 2007
7. Radhakrishnan.S. Indian Philosophy, Volume –2, Centenary Edition,
Oxford University Press, 1991.
8. Sharma.C. A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass
Publication, Varanasi, 1994.

5
Culture & History