Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lateral Earth Pressures
Lateral Earth Pressures
Lateral Earth Pressures
Structures
Lateral Support
In geotechnical engineering, it is often necessary to
prevent lateral soil movements.
Tie rod
Anchor
Sheet pile
4
Sheet Pile
7
Lateral Support
geosynthetics
8
Lateral Support
filled with
Crib walls have been used in Queensland. soil
Good drainage & allow plant growth.
Looks good. Interlocking
stretchers
and headers
9
10
11
EARTH PRESSURE
The effect of 2 forms of earth pressure need to be considered
during the process of designing the retaining wall that is:
a)Active Earth Pressure
“ It is the pressure that at all times are tending
to move or overturn the retaining wall”
a)Passive Earth Pressure
“It is reactionary pressures that will react in
the form of a resistance to movement of the wall.
12
13
At rest earth pressure
14
15
Earth Pressure at Rest
In a homogeneous natural soil deposit,
GL
v’
h’
X
17
18
19
20
Active/Passive Earth Pressures
- in granular soils
Wall moves
away from soil
Wall moves A
towards soil
B
smooth wall
23
Active Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
v’ = z
Initially, there is no lateral movement.
v’ z
h’ = K0 v’ = K0 z
h’
A
As the wall moves away from the soil,
v’ remains the same; and
h’ decreases till failure occurs.
Active state
24
Active Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
v’
active earth
pressure decreasing h’
25
26
Active Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
WJM Rankine
(1820-1872)
[h’]active v’
90+
[h’]active v’
28
Active Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
h’ K0 state
v’ z
Active
h’
A state
wall movement
29
30
31
Active Earth Pressure
- in cohesive soils
34
Passive Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
35
36
Passive Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
passive earth
pressure
v’
increasing h’
37
38
Passive Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
v’ [h’]passive
90+
v’ [h’]passive
40
Passive Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
wall movement
41
42
43
Passive Earth Pressure
- in cohesive soils
46
47
Earth Pressure Distribution
- in granular soils
[h’]active
PA and PP are the
resultant active and
passive thrusts on
the wall
[h’]passive H
PA=0.5 KAH2
h PP=0.5 KPh2
48
KPh KAH
h’
Passive state
Active state
K0 state
Wall movement
(not to scale)
50
51
52
Retaining Walls - Applications
Metros and Subways
Road
Train
53
Retaining Walls - Applications
highway
54
Retaining Walls - Applications
High-rise building
basement wall
55
Gravity Retaining Walls
cement mortar
plain concrete or
stone masonry
cobbles
Reinforced;
smaller section
than gravity
walls
67
PROBLEM
68
SOLUTION q = 20 kN/m2
8m
4m
8m
4m
8m
4m
Pa
8m
Pp za
4m
zp
Pw2 Pp1 Pa2 Pq1 Pw1
ACTIVE LATERAL FORCE
Pa = 0.5 . Pa1 . h1 + (Pa1+Pa2)/2 . H2 + Pq1 . (h1+h2) + 0.5 . Pw1 . h2 = 763.52 kN/m
72
za = 3.56 m
SOLUTION q = 20 kN/m2
Pa
8m
Pp za
4m
zp
Pw2 Pp1 Pa2 Pq1 Pw1
PASSIVE LATERAL FORCE
Pp = 0.5 . Pp1 . h3 + 0.5 . Pw2 . h3 = 147.92 kN/m
zp = 4/3 m 73
Coulomb’s Theory: Active Earth Pressure
74
Coulomb’s Theory: Passive Earth Pressure
75
76