TOPICS COVERED

 Introduction to CRO
 Block diagram of CRO
 Detailed description of CRT
 Multi –Input Oscilloscope
 Lissajous Patterns
 Types of Oscilloscope and it’s application
HOW A CRO LOOKS LIKE
INTRODUCTION TO CRO
 Versatile electronic instrument giving visual display
of signals
 Used for measurement of frequency , amplitude,
phase etc.
 Also used in determining the nature and
characteristics of various components.
 Has a high bandwidth range thus making it a
sensitive and accurate device.
 Easier to use as the internal routine act as a guide to
the user.
BASIC DIAGRAM
ANOTHER SCOOP….
WORKING OF A CRO
The main parts of Cathode
Ray Tube are:
 Electron Gun Assembly
 Focusing Anodes
 Deflection Plates
Assembly
 Screen for CRT
Multi-Input Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope can have multiple input and display
facilities.
The most common one is of - TWO INPUTS
.

Although FOUR and EIGHT inputs are available

for special applications
 There are primary two types of multi-
input oscilloscope :-

Single Beam Oscilloscope

Dual Beam Oscilloscope

Both of them can be converted into a

further
Number of traces.
Dual Trace Oscilloscopes
Dual Trace Oscilloscopes
In this oscilloscope two separate
vertical input channels are used.

There are two common operating

modes for the Electronic Switch, called
Alternate and Chop which can be
selected from the instrument’s front
panel.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Dual Beam Oscilloscope
The Dual Beam Oscilloscope has two
separate electron beams , and therefore
two completely separate vertical
channels.
There are two methods used for
generating the two electron beams
within the CRT.

The first method is :-

Double gun tube

Split Beam
 Multiple input CRO works in
following two modes

• alternate mode
• chopped mode
Alternate mode

In alternate mode the an electronic

switch alternates between sig A & B.
Waveform in alternate mode
Chopped mode
In the chopped mode the switch
free runs at very high frequency.
Waveform of Chopped Mode
Pattern
When two sinusoidal voltage signals of
equal frequency having some phase
difference are applied to the deflection
plates of CRO, a straight line or an
ellipse appears on the screen these
figures are called Lissajous figures or
Lissajous curves or pattern.
Some examples of lissajous figures……..
With the help of lissajous figures
we can measure…….

Frequency
Phase
 Frequency
Measurement

Fx/Fy = Hp/Vp

Fx = Unknown frequency

Fy = Known frequency
Hp = Points on horizontal tangencies
Vp = Points on vertical tangencies
 Phase
Measurement
sin Ф = c/b
Digital Storage
Oscilloscope
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DSO
Advantage Of DSO
Stores waveform for infinite time

Digitize waveform can be processed in any way

Writing speed is more

Processing of signal is easy

Analog Storage Oscilloscope
 Briefings
Trace storage is an extra feature

They used direct-view storage CRTs

The storage is accomplished using the

principle of secondary emission
 Difference between ASO & DSO
DSO ASO
Data can be stored Data can be stored
to infinite time for finite time

Image quality is Image quality is not

good poor

Writing speed is Writing speed is

high poor

Processing of Processing of signal

signal is easy is difficult
THANK
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