Information and Communication

5. Software as a Service – Users will subscribe

Technologies (ICT)
to a software only when needed rather than
- Deals with the use of different
purchasing them. This is a cheaper option if you
communication technologies such as
do not always need to use a software. For
mobile phones, telephone, Internet, etc.
instance, Google Docs is a free web-based
to locate, save, send and edit
application that allows the user to create and edit
information.
word processing and spreadsheet documents
Example: when we make a video call, we use
online. When you need a software, like a Word
the internet
Processor, you can purchase it for a one-time
huge amount and install it in your computer and
Web 1.0 (Static Website) – A read – only
it is yours forever. Software as a service allows
webpages wherein there is no interaction
you to “rent” a software for a minimal fee.
between the webpage and the user.
6. Mass Participation – It is a diverse
Web 2.0 (Dynamic Website) - is the evolution
information sharing through universal web
of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic web pages—the
access. Since most users can use the Internet,
user is able to see a website differently than
Web 2.0’s content is based on people from
others. Examples of Web 2.0 include social
various cultures.
networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing
sites, hosted services, and web applications.
Web 3.0 (Semantic Website) - provides a
common framework that allows data to be
Features of Web 2.0
shared and reused across application, enterprise,
1. Folksonomy – It allows users to categorize
and community boundaries.” The aim of Web
and classify/arrange information using freely
3.0 is to have machines (or servers) understand
chosen keywords (e.g., tagging). Popular social
the user’s preferences to be able to deliver web
networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram,
content specifically targeting the user.
Facebook, etc. use tags that start with the pound
sign (#). This is also referred to as hashtag.
Several problems of Web 3.0
1. Compatibility – HTML files and current web
2. Rich User Experience – Content is dynamic
browsers could not support Web 3.0.
and is responsive to user’s input. An example
would be a website that shows local content. In
2. Security – The user’s security is also in
the case of social networking sites, when logged
question since the machine is saving his or her
on, your account is used to modify what you see
preferences.
in their website. (Can enlarge image.)
3. Vastness – The World Wide Web already
3. Long Tail – Services are offered on demand
contains billions of web pages.
rather than on a one-time purchase. In certain
cases, time-based pricing is better than file-size-
4. Vagueness – Certain words are imprecise.
based pricing or vice versa. This is synonymous
The words “old” and “small” would depend on
to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for
the user.
the amount of time you spent in the Internet, or a
data plan that charges you for the amount of
5. Logic – Since machines use logic, there are
bandwidth you used.
certain limitations for a computer to be able to
predict what the user is referring to at a given
4. User Participation – The owner of the
time.
website is not the only one who is able to put
content. Others are able to place a content of
Trends in ICT
their own by means of comment, reviews, and
1. Convergence – Technological convergence is
evaluation. Some websites allow readers to
the synergy of technological advancements to
comment on an article, participate in a poll, or
work on a similar goal or task.
review a specific product (e.g., Amazon.com,
online stores).

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For the wages of sin is DEATH (Romans 6:23)
2. Social Media – Social media is a website,
application, or online channels that enable web
users to create, co-create, discuss, modify, and
exchange user-generated content.
Six types of social media:
a. Social Networks – These are sites that allow
you to connect with other people with the same
interests or background.
b. Bookmarking Sites – These are sites that
allow you to store and manage links to various
websites and resources.
c. Social News – These are sites that allow users
to post their own news items or links to other
news sources.
d. Media Sharing – These are sites that allow
you to upload and share media content like
images, music, and video.
e. Microblogging – These are sites that focus on
short updates from the user.
f. Blogs and Forums – These websites allow
users to post their content.
3. Mobile Technologies
The popularity of smartphones and tablets has
taken a major rise over the years. This is largely
because of the devices’ capability to do tasks
that were originally found in personal
computers.
Kinds of operating systems:
a. iOS
b. Android
c. Blackberry OS
d. Windows Phone OS
e. Symbian
f. WebOS
g. Windows Mobile
4. Assistive Media – Assistive media is a
nonprofit service designed to help people who
have visual and reading impairments. A database
of audio recordings is used to read to the user.
ONLINE PLATFORM
What is an online platform?
- are technologies that are grouped to be
used as a base upon which other
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applications processes or technologies
are developed
7 Different Types of Online Platform
1. Presentation / Visualization – communicates
information clearly and efficiently via statistical
graphics, plots and information graphics.
Example of Presentation/Visualization:
 Prezi – helping to reinvent the art of
presentation.
 Zoho – an online project management
app that helps you plan your work and
keep track of your progress
 SlideShare – to build quickly from
concise, well- presented content from
top experts
 MindMeister – an online mind-mapping
tool that lets you capture, develop and
share ideas visually
2. Cloud Computing – the practice of using a
network of remote servers hosted on the internet
to store, manage, and process data, rather than a
local server or a personal computer
Examples of Cloud Computing:
 Google Drive – keep all work in one
secure place with online file storage.
 Dropbox – keeps your files safe, synced,
and easy to share
3. Social Media - are computer-mediated tools
that allow people, companies and other
organizations to create, share, or exchange
information, career interests, ideas, and
pictures/videos in virtual communities and
networks.
Examples of Social Media Sites:
 Instagram – used to share photos and
videos to other people.
 Facebook – is for-profit corporation and
online social networking service.
4. Web Page Creation – encompasses a number
of important elements including color, layout,
and overall graphical appearance.
Examples of Web Page Creation:
• Wix – a cloud-based web development
platform that allows users to create
 HTML5 websites and mobile sites
through the use of their online drag and
drop tools
• Weebly – a web-hosting service
featuring a drag- and-drop website
builder.
5. File Management – is the storing, naming,
sorting and handling computer files.
Examples of File Management
• Zamzar – web application to convert
files.
• word2pdf – convert Word files to PDF
(Portable Document Format) with this
online tool
6. Mapping – a transformation taking the points
of one space into the points of the same or
another space
Examples of Mapping:
Google Maps – a desktop web mapping service
developed by Google.
7. Blogging – is a discussion or informational
website published on the web consisting of
discrete, often informal diary-style text entries
("posts"). Posts are typically displayed in reverse
chronological order, so that the most recent post
appears first, at the top of the web page.
Examples of Blogging Sites:
• WordPress (wordpress.com)
• Blogger (blogger.com or blogspot.com)
• Blog.com
• Medium.com
• Squarespace.com
10 Rules of Netiquette
Rule 1: Remember the human - When you
communicate electronically, all you see is a
computer screen. You don't have the opportunity
to use facial expressions, gestures, and tone of
voice to communicate your meaning; words --
lonely written words -- are all you've got. And
that goes for your correspondent as well.
Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of
behaviour online that you follow in real life -
In real life, most people are fairly law-abiding,
either by disposition or because we're afraid of
getting caught. In cyberspace, the chances of
getting caught sometimes seem slim. And,
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the day, you are going home ALONE.
For the wages of sin is DEATH (Romans 6:23)
perhaps because people sometimes forget that
there's a human being on the other side of the
computer, some people think that a lower
standard of ethics or personal behaviour is
acceptable in cyberspace.
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace -
Netiquette varies from domain to domain.
What's perfectly acceptable in one area may be
dreadfully rude in another.
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and
bandwidth - When you send email or post to a
discussion group, you're taking up other people's
time (or hoping to). It's your responsibility to
ensure that the time they spend reading your
posting isn't wasted.
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online - The
impression that the net is a cold, cruel place full
of people who just can't wait to insult each other.
As in the world at large, most people who
communicate online just want to be liked.
Networks -- particularly discussion groups -- let
you reach out to people you'd otherwise never
meet. And none of them can see you. You won't
be judged by the color of your skin, eyes, or
hair, your weight, your age, or your clothing.
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge - The strength
of cyberspace is in its numbers. The reason
asking questions online works is that a lot of
knowledgeable people are reading the questions.
And if even a few of them offer intelligent
answers, the sum total of world knowledge
increases. The Internet itself was founded and
grew because scientists wanted to share
information. Gradually, the rest of us got in on
the act.
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control -
"Flaming" is what people do when they express
a strongly held opinion without holding back
any emotion. It's the kind of message that makes
people respond, "Oh come on, tell us how you
really feel."
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy -
Failing to respect other people's privacy is not
just bad Netiquette. It could also cost you your
job.
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power - Knowing
more than others, or having more power than
they do, does not give you the right to take
advantage of them.
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's
mistakes - When someone makes a mistake --
whether it's a spelling error or a spelling flame, a
stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer
-- be kind about it. If it's a minor error, you may
not need to say anything. Even if you feel
strongly about it, think twice before reacting.
Having good manners yourself doesn't give you
license to correct everyone else.
Tips to Stay Safe Online
Here are some tips to help you stay safe when
using the Internet.
1. Be mindful of what you share and what
site you share it to.
2. Do not just accept terms and conditions;
read it.
3. Check out the privacy policy page of a
website.
4. Know the security features of the social
networking site you use.
5. Do not share password with anyone.
6. Avoid logging in to public networks/Wi-
Fi.
7. Do not talk to strangers whether online
or face-to-face.
8. Never post anything about future
vacation.
9. Add friends you know in real life.
10. Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
11. Install and update an antivirus software
on your computer.
12. If you have a Wi-Fi at home, make it a
private network by adding password.
13. Avoid downloading anything from
untrusted websites.
14. Buy the software; do not use pirated
ones.
15. Do not reply or click links from
suspicious emails.
Internet Threats
1. Malware – stands for Malicious
Software.
- it is one of the more common ways to infiltrate
or damage your computer.
What it is:
Malicious software that infects your computer,
such as computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses,
spyware, and adware.
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the day, you are going home ALONE.
For the wages of sin is DEATH (Romans 6:23)
4 Types of Malware
a. Virus – a malicious program designed to
replicate itself and transfer from one computer to
another.
- Most people have heard of computer
viruses, but not many know exactly what they
are or what they do.
What they are:
Malicious computer programs that are often sent
as an email attachment or a download with the
intent of infecting your computer, as well as the
computers of everyone in your contact list. Just
visiting a site can start an automatic download of
a virus.
b. Worm – a malicious program that transfers
from one computer to another by any type of
means.
- Worms are a common threat to
computers and the Internet as a whole.
What they are:
A worm, unlike a virus, goes to work on its own
without attaching itself to files or programs. It
lives in your computer memory, doesn't damage
or alter the hard drive and propagates by sending
itself to other computers in a network – whether
within a company or the Internet itself.
c. Trojan - a malicious program that is
disguised as a useful program but once
downloaded or installed, leaves your PC
unprotected and allows hacker to get you
information.
- may not be a term you're familiar with,
but there's a good chance you or someone you
know has been affected by one.
What it is:
A malicious program that is disguised as, or
embedded within, legitimate software. It is an
executable file that will install itself and run
automatically once it's downloaded.
d. Spyware - a program that runs in the
background without you knowing it.
- are often used by third parties to
infiltrate your computer.
What it is:
Software that collects personal information
about you without you knowing. They often
come in the form of a ‘free' download and are
installed automatically with or without your
consent. These are difficult to remove and can
infect your computer with viruses.
2. Spam – unwanted email mostly from bots or
advertisers.
- it is one of the more common methods
of both sending information out and collecting it
from unsuspecting people.
What it is:
The mass distribution of unsolicited messages,
advertising or pornography to addresses which
can be easily found on the Internet
through things like social networking
sites, company websites and personal
blogs.
3. Phishing – its goal is to acquire sensitive
personal information like passwords and credit
card details.
- used most often by cyber criminals
because it's easy to execute and can produce the
results they're looking for with very little effort.
What it is:
Fake emails, text messages and websites created
to look like they're from authentic companies.
They're sent by criminals to steal personal and
financial Information from you. This is also
known as “spoofing”.
Keyloggers – used to record the keystroke done
by the user.
Copyright Infringement (colloquially referred
to as piracy) is the use of works protected
by copyright law without permission, infringing
certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright
holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute,
display or perform the protected work, or to
make derivative works.
Tips to Avoid Copyright Infringement
1. Understand. Copyright protect literary
works, photographs paintings, drawings,
films, music (and lyrics), choreography,
and sculptures.
2. Be responsible. Even if a material does
not say that it is copyrighted, it is not a
valid defense against copyright.
3. Be creative. Ask yourself whether what
you are making is something that came
from you or something made from
somebody else’s creativity.
4. Know the law. There are some
limitations to copyright laws.
Intellectual property (IP) - is a category
of property that includes intangible creations of
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For the wages of sin is DEATH (Romans 6:23)
the human intellect, and primarily
encompasses copyrights, patents,
and trademarks. It also includes other types of
rights, such as trade secrets, publicity rights,
moral rights, and rights against unfair
competition.
Copyright law - is intended to encourage the
creation of art and culture by rewarding authors
and artists with a set of exclusive rights.
Copyright law grants authors and artists the
exclusive right to make and sell copies of their
works, the right to create derivative works, and
the right to perform or display their works
publicly.
Online Research
1. Have a question in mind. Focus on a
question you want answered.
2. Narrow it down. Search engines like
Google, Bing, or Yahoo use several
filters to determine the most appropriate
result for you.
3. Advanced Search. The best way to
filter information you get from search
engines is by using the advanced search.
4. Look for a credible sources. Some
wikis, filled with updated information,
are not a credible source. When using
wikis, check out the link of the cited
text.
5. Give credit. Give credit to the original
author of the page or information. To
properly site a reference, you may use
the format below.
7 Different Text Wrapping
1. In Line with Text
2. Square
3. Through
4. Tight
5. Top and Bottom
6. Behind Text
7. In Front of Text
Two Components of Mail Merge:
1. Form Document - The document that
contains the main body of the message we want
to convey or send.
2. List or Data File - This is where the
individual information or data that needs to be
plugged in (merged) to our form document is
placed and maintained.
 amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed
Label Generation - It creates a blank form amount of time. Usually expressed in bits per
document that simulates either a blank label or second (bps) or bytes per second.
envelope of pre-defined size and will use the
data file that you selected to print the
Recall the Conversion of
information, typically, individual addresses.
Whole number to Binary and
Integrating Images and External Vice Versa
Materials
Kinds of Materials:
1. Pictures. Generally, these are electronic
or digital pictures or photographs you
have saved in any local storage device.

2. Clip Art. This is generally a .GIF type;

line art drawings or images used as
generic representation for ideas and
objects that you might want to integrate
in your document.

3. Shapes. These are printable objects or

materials that you can integrate in your
document to enhance its appearance or
to allow you to have some tools to use
for composing and representing ideas or
messages.

4. Smart Art. Generally, these are

predefined sets of different shapes
grouped together to form ideas that are
organizational or structural in nature.

5. Chart. Another type of material that

you can integrate in your Word
document that allows you to represent
data characteristics and trends.

6. Screenshot. Sometimes, creating reports

or manuals for training or procedure will
require the integration of a more
realistic image of what you are
discussing on your report or manual.

3 File Types of Images

JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group
PNG – Portable Network Graphics
GIF – Graphic Interchange Format

Other Important Details:

HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
URL – Uniform/Universal Resource Locator
Bandwidth - Defined as a range within a band
of frequencies or wavelengths. It is also the

Please avoid CHEATING! Learn to study and answer all your questions alone! Remember, at the end of
the day, you are going home ALONE.
For the wages of sin is DEATH (Romans 6:23)