VENICE C.

GERONG

VII- FELIPE

I. MUSIC

MUSIC OF MINDORO
MINA DE ORO – is the oldest name given to Mindoro because it is the center for goldmining. Most of the
Hanunuo – Mangyans are wanderers. They travel from different places where there is food to eat. Mangyan is
the general term for people who live in the mountainous region of Mindoro.

The music of the Mangyans is characterized by its chanting song style called Ambahan. It has no specific tone
style but it is monophonic in texture. Basically, it made up of seven syllables in one line. The Ambahan ranges
from three to 134 lines. It is expressed in an allegorical manner. The Ambahan is a means to encourage the
parents in guiding their children, in expressing their love to them and in sharing valuable experiences that can
be applied to their day to day living.

The Mangyans write the lyrics of the Ambahan in a bamboo tube called Luka as a means to preserve their
music.
The term Hanunuo means “ true “ or “ genuine “. This word is used to describe the Mangyans who have
remained faithful to their traditions. This tribal group possess a system of writing which is a descendant of the
ancient Sanskrit alphabet. They use this form of writing to compose the chanted poetry called Ambahan.

Mangyans write their newly discovered ambahan in a portion of a bamboo pole. They take care of it, teach it
and pass it on to the next generation. They are taught how to write the ambahan at a very young age even
though they could hardly read its script.

Mangyan music is a way of life. It is used for courting, merrymaking, relaxing and worshipping. The vocal style
used is leader-chorus type and is often accompanied by musical instruments. Their songs include:
*Lullabies like the iyaya
*Recollection of war exploits
*Documentation
*love lyrics
*ritual chants like the ayung or ngayung
The musical joust done during merrymaking is participated in by both men and women of the tribe.Musical
instrument like the kudyapi, gitgit and wind instruments are played to accompany the Ambahan. Sometimes
the Ambahan is used as a tool for courting women.

To accompany the festive Hanunuo music are the gongs of Mindoro. These are smaller and lighter suspended
gongs with bosses facing each other. The rhythm of the gongs together with the other instruments is used to
accompany the Ambahan and the post harvest of merry making.

The Mangyan musical instruments are classified into three sections: string instruments or the chordophones,
wind instrument or aerophones and percussion instruments or idiophones. These instruments are played in
various festivities, rituals and daily activities. The xylophones, drums,bamboos or sticks are used for
improvisation of accompaniments.

 STRING INSTRUMENT OR CHORDOPHONES

Gitgit – an indigenous three-stringed violin with human hair string
Batiwtiw – a bamboo instrument
Kudyapi - a lute
Kudlung – a bamboo zither with parallel strings
Gitara – a home-made guitar
 WIND INSTRUMENTS OR AEROPHONES
Bangsi – an external pipeflute
Badyung – a bamboo trumpet
Cantuy – a nose flute
Plawta – a mouth blown transverse flute
Tangkop- a bamboo whistle
 PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS OR IDIOPHONES
Buray – dipay – a bend pod rattle
Kalutang – percussion stick
 Agung - brass gongs
Kinaban – a bamboo Jew’s harp
Subing – a Jew’s harp
Barimbaw – a bamboo slit gong

II. ARTS

A color term (or color name) is a word or phrase that refers to a specific color. The color term may refer to human
perception of that color (which is affected by visual context) which is usually defined according to the Munsell color
system, or to an underlying physical property (such as a specific wavelength of visible light). There are also
numerical systems of color specification, referred to as color spaces.
An important distinction must be established between color and shape, these two attributes usually are used in
conjunction with one another when describing in language. For example, being labeled as alternative parts of
speech terms color term and shape term.[1]
Psychological conditions for recognition of colors exist, such as those who cannot discern colors in general
(aphantasia) or those who see colors as sound (synesthesia).

Basic color terms[edit]

However, in the classic study of Brent Berlin and Paul Kay (1969), Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and
Evolution ,[2] the researchers argued that these differences can be organized into a coherent hierarchy, and that
there are a limited number of universal basic colour terms which begin to be used by individual cultures in a
relatively fixed order. Berlin and Kay based their analysis on a comparison of colour words in 20 languages from
around the world. To be considered a basic colour term, the words had to be

 monolexemic ("green", but not "light green" or "forest green"),

 high-frequency, and
 agreed upon by speakers of that language.
Their model is presented below:[8]

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Berlin and Kay's study further identified a culture state of color term recognition into stages (I-VII). Stage I only
covers two terms white and black; these terms are referenced broadly to describe other undefined color terms. For
example, the Jale highland group in New Guinea identify the color of blood as black. This is because at this stage I,
white and black, are associated with which objects closer associates to the degree of brightness from which it
has.[clarification needed]
With stage II the recognition of another term red is developed. Objects are less consternated to their degree of
brightness for classification and instead in this stage we see each term cover a larger scope of colors. Specifically
blue and other darker shades described as black, yellow/orange colors lumped together with red, and the colors
similar to white as white.
At stage III the identification of another term is acquired. The newly acquired term differs but usually with either
green (III a) or yellow (III b). At this stage, there are more cultures who recognize yellow rather than green first.
Currently, there are two languages which identify green first, the Ibiobio Nigerian language and the Philippine
language of Mindoro, Hanunoo.
At stage IV, whichever of the two terms (green or yellow) not acquired at stage III is now acquired, bringing the total
terms to five.
In short, their analysis showed that in a culture with only two terms, they would roughly correlate with "dark"
(covering black, dark colors, and cold colors such as blue) and "bright" (covering white, light colors, and warm colors
such as red). All languages with three colors terms would add red to this distinction. Thus, the three most basic
colors are black, white, and red. Additional color terms are added in a fixed order as a language evolves: first one
of green or yellow; then the other of green or yellow; then blue. All languages distinguishing six colors contain terms
for black, white, red, green, yellow, and blue. These colors roughly correspond to the sensitivities of the retinal
ganglion cells, leading Berlin and Kay to argue that color naming is not merely a cultural phenomenon, but is one
that is also constrained by biology—that is, language is shaped by perception. A 2012 study[9] suggested that the
origin of this hierarchy may be tied to human vision and the time ordering in which these color names get accepted
or agreed upon in a population perfectly matches the order predicted by the hierarchy.
As languages develop, they next adopt a term for brown; then terms for orange, pink, purple or gray, in any
order.[10] Finally, a basic light/dark relativistic term appears: such as "light" blue / "dark" blue (in comparison to blue
sky / blue ocean), or "pale" red / "deep" red.
The proposed evolutionary trajectories as of 1999 are as follows. 80% of sampled languages lie along the central
path.

Repetition
refers to one object or shape repeated; pattern is a combination of elements or shapes repeated in a recurring
and regular arrangement; rhythm--is a combination of elements repeated, but with variations.
Repetition
Repetition is an object, form, or figure that is repeated.

To get an idea of the effect of repetition in an artwork, look at the illustration below. There appears to
be two boxes. In the first box, there is one colored circle. The second box is overflowing with
multicolored circles, so many that they cannot all be contained within the box. What words do you
think of when you look at the two different boxes? You might think of spare, lone, almost
empty, lonely...or you might think of abundant, innumerable, unmanageable, out of control.

Rhythm

is like pattern, in that the same elements (i.e.shape, line) are repeated; however, with rhythm there are slight
variations in the pattern. Rhythm is easily perceived but complex and subtle. Think of water on a beach; it
continually breaks on the shore in lines that are repeated, yet each one is different.

Rhythm is most easily understood within music. Rhythm represents our desire for order. Rhythm is like our
own heartbest; it gives us a sense of the pulsing of life.

Color harmony
In color theory, color harmony refers to the property that certain aesthetically pleasing color combinations have.
These combinations create pleasing contrasts and consonances that are said to be harmonious. These
combinations can be of complementary colors, split-complementary colors, color triads, or analogous colors. Color
harmony has been a topic of extensive study throughout history, but only since the Renaissance and the Scientific
Revolution has it seen extensive codification. Artists and designers make use of these harmonies in order to achieve
certain moods or aesthetics.

Monochromatic harmony
are all the colors (tones, tints and shades ) of a single hue.
Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints.
Tints are achieved by adding white and shades and tones are achieved by adding a darker color, grey or black.
Monochromatic color schemes provide opportunities in art and visual communications design as they allow for a
greater range of contrasting tones that can be used to attract attention, create focus and support legibility.
The use of a monochromatic color provides a strong sense of visual cohesion and can help support communication
objectives through the use of connotative color. The relative absence of hue contrast can be offset by variations in
tone and the addition of texture.
Analogous harmony
Analogous colors are groups of three colors that are next to each other on the color wheel, sharing a common
color, with one being the dominant color, which tends to be a primary or secondary color, and a tertiary. Red,
orange, and red-orange are examples.
The term analogous refers to having analogy, or corresponding to something in particular. An analogous color
scheme creates a rich, monochromatic look.[citation needed] It is best used with either warm or cool colors, creating a look
that has a certain temperature as well as proper color harmony. While this is true, the scheme also lacks contrast
and is less vibrant than complementary schemes
These six nutrients are further classified according to size and energy. Carbohydrate, protein, and fat
are macronutrients because they make up the bulk of your diet. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients because they are
required in much smaller amounts. For example, the average person consumes about 2.5 gallons (9.5 L) of food and water
per day, but only an eighth of a teaspoon of that is vitamins and minerals. This does not mean that vitamins and minerals
are unimportant. The ignition key is only a small part of a car, but it's hard to get the car started without it! A deficiency in
B12, just one of the eight B vitamins, can result in anemia, hypersensitive skin, and degeneration of peripheral nerves
resulting in paralysis (Whitney & Rolfes, 2012). You may have noticed the omission of water as a macronutrient. People
definitely need a large supply of water; however, water is a micronutrient because it does not contain energy.

6 Essential Nutrients and Their Functions

An essential nutrient is a nutrient that the body cannot synthesize on its own -- or not to an adequate amount -- and
must be provided by the diet. These nutrients are necessary for the body to function properly. The six essential
nutrients include carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and water.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main energy source for the brain. Without carbohydrates, the body could not function
properly. Sources include fruits, breads and grains, starchy vegetables and sugars. Make at least half of the grains
you consume whole grains. Whole grains and fruit are full of fiber, which reduces the risk of coronary heart disease
and helps maintain normal blood glucose levels.
Protein
Protein is the major structural component of cells and is responsible for the building and repair of body tissues.
Protein is broken down into amino acids, which are building blocks of protein. Nine of the 20 amino acids, known as
essential amino acids, must be provided in the diet as they cannot be synthesized in the body. Ten to 35 percent of
your daily calories should come from lean protein sources such as low-fat meat, dairy, beans or eggs.
Fat
Fat is an energy source that when consumed, increases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins including vitamins A,
D, E and K. Twenty to 35 percent of your daily intake should come from fat. Choose healthy options such as omega-
3-rich foods like fish, walnuts and vegetable-based oils. Omega-3s help with development and growth. Limit intake
of saturated fats such as high-fat meats and full-fat dairy. Other smart choices include nuts, seeds and avocado.
Vitamins
Vitamin C is necessary for the synthesis of collagen, which provides structure to blood vessels, bone and ligaments.
Rich sources include citrus fruits, strawberries and peppers. Folate, found in foods, helps to prevent birth defects.
Pregnant women or women who plan to become pregnant should speak with their physician about taking a folic acid
supplement, the synthetic form of folate, in addition to their diet. Vitamin D helps to maintain calcium homeostasis.
It can be found in food sources or synthesized by the sun.
Minerals
Sodium helps to maintain fluid volume outside of the cells and helps cells to function normally. Keep intake under
2,400 milligrams per day. Potassium maintains fluid volume inside and outside of cells and prevents the excess rise
of blood pressure with increased sodium intake. Rich sources include bananas, potatoes and tomatoes. Calcium helps
to maintain and build strong bones and teeth. Include three servings of calcium-rich foods per day including milk,
low-fat cheese and yogurt.
Water
Water helps to maintain homeostasis in the body and transports nutrients to cells. Water also assists in removing
waste products from the body. All beverages and high-moisture foods such as soup and watermelon contain water
and count towards your daily water requirement. Adults should consume 25 to 35 milliliters of fluids per kilogram
body weight or 2 to 3 liters per day.