ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

ASSIGNMENT 2
THE MALIN LANDSLIDE
NAME : RUTWICK MACHHINDRANATH PAWAR
ROLL NO .: 441
BRANCH : MECHANICAL
MESYB4
INTRODUCTION :
The event that took place in the village of Malin in Pune district. On 30
July 2014, a landslide occurred in the village of Malin in the Ambegaon
taluka of the Pune district in Maharashtra, India. The landslide, which
hit early in the morning while residents were asleep, was believed to
have been caused by a burst of heavy rainfall, and killed at least 151
people. The event that took place at early morning 7.45 am. The
people died in the early sleep. No one was warned about this natural
incident caused by rain.
 CAUSES :
1. Malin is a small village in the Ambegaon Taluka of the Pune
district, Maharashtra State, located in the Sahyadri foothills
where catastrophic landslide struck on 30 July, 2014 at 7.45
am while most of the people were in sleep.
2. The landslides were caused by heavy rainfall that had begun
the previous day, with the village receiving 10.8 cm (4 in) of
rain on 29 July and the downpour continuing throughout the
following day. The environmental destruction that resulted in
the landslide is believed to have had many causes .

 Landslide cause due to heavy rain:

Through deforestation, the soil of the surrounding land was made loose,
and experts argue that deforestation was the primary undelaying
anthropogenic cause of the landslide. One additional reason was changing
agricultural practices – villagers had recently shifted from cultivation of
rice and finger millet to wheat, which required levelling of steep areas,
which contributed to instability of the hills. Also the construction of the
nearby Dimbhe Dam ten years ago was considered as a possible reason.
GOVERNMENT SCHEME TO OVERCOME CAUSE OF
LANDSLIDE :

It cause a massive deforestration in the region, it now appears that at the root
of the illegations is a government scheme to level off land on the hill slopes to
create cultivation points. A non government organisation named nisarga sahas
sanshtha working on environmental issues in the region ,the state government
launched a scheme called ‘padkai’ for tribals on a pilot basis in the ambegaon
tehsil about three years ago. The padkai scheme is similar to the MNREGA
scheme. Through this scheme , there is employment generation for tribals, with
assets created in the form of their own plots of land for cultivation.

MALIN LANDSLIDE SURVIOVORS

Morphological Cause:
Morphology, in biology, the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals,
plants ... The term refers to the general aspects of biological form and
arrangement of ... kinds and causes of the structural changes that result from
specific diseases.

Tectonic or volcanic uplift, Glacial rebound, Erosion of slope toe, Erosion of

lateral margins, Subterranean erosion, Deposition of load on the slope or its
crest and Vegetation removal.

 Intense rainfall.
 Rapid snow melt.
 Prolonged precipitation.
 Ground water changes (Rapid drawdown)
 Soil pore water pressure.
 Surface runoff.
GEOLOGICAL CAUSE :
A landslide is any geologic process in which gravity causes rock, soil, artificial fill
or a combination of the three to move down a slope. Several things can trigger
landslides, including the slow weathering of rocks as well as soil erosion,
earthquakes and volcanic activity.

The village all down the mountain ,it was very nearly placed near mountain.
Which caused landslide by a heavy rainfall and nearly many of the people died
almost 160. Soon after the Malin tragedy, government authorities, geologists
and environmentalists had cited two possible causes for it — deforestation for
bench cultivation of paddy in the upslope region of the village and large scale
flattening of the foothills in the downstream of the village.
HUMAN CAUSES :
Humans play a major role is imbalancing of environment. Human activity causes
increase in landslides.

INDISCRIMINATE tree felling, construction, mining and quarrying, combined

with heavy rainfall, have increased the fragility of the Himalayan mountains,
leading to an increase in the incidence of landslides in the region. Yes, in some
cases human activities can be a contributing factor in causing landslides. Many
human-caused landslides can be avoided or mitigated. They are commonly a
result of building roads and structures without adequate grading of slopes,
poorly planned alteration of drainage patterns, and disturbing old landslides.
CATASTROPHIC CAUSES :
Some sources of catastrophic risk are natural, such as meteor impacts or
supervolcanoes. Some of these have caused mass extinctions in the
past. On the other hand, some risks are man-made, such as global
warming, environmental degradation, engineered pandemics and nuclear
war.
1. Intense deforestation, soil erosion.
2. Construction of human settlement in landslide prone areas.
3. Roads or communication lines in mountain areas.
4. Building with weak foundations.
5. Buried pipelines.
6. Lack of understanding of landslide hazards, lack of warning system.

The area shown in the picture marked by colours shows us the failure if
takes place or after failure comes the area to be effected after the failure
occurs.
EFFECTS OF MALIN LANDSLIDE :
On 30 July 2014, a landslide occurred in the village of Malin in the Ambegaon taluka
of the Pune district in Maharashtra, India. The landslide, which hit early in the
morning while residents were asleep,was believed to have been caused by a burst
of heavy rainfall, and killed at least 160 people.Rains continued after the landslide
making rescue efforts difficult. Although initial reports stated that the landslide had
killed 17 people, officials expected the death toll to exceed 150. As of 4 August
2014, the death toll had reached 134. The bodies so far recovered were of 50 men,
64 women and 20 children.Later estimates indicated more than 160 people, and
possibly up to 200. About 44 to 46 separate houses were believed to have been
buried in the landslide.

Such features can have the effect of concentrating intense rainfall during overland
and soil flow. If this occurs, then pore water pressures in the soil in the hollow can
become very high, initiating failure. If I was investigating this landslide I would be
very interested in this hollow. Early morning a very large landslide occurred in the
village of Malin in Pune, western India. The landslide struck and effectively wiped out
the village of Malin, located close to Bhimashankar in the western Ghats. It is
thought that about 40 houses were buried – sadly the timing of the landslide meant
that most would have been fully occupied and of course the darkness would have
impeded any escape.
CONSEQUENCES ALSO SEEN AFTER DISASTER :
1.Lead to economic decline
Landslides have been verified to result in destruction of property. If the
landslide is significant, it could drain the economy of the region or
country. After a landslide, the area affected normally undergoes
rehabilitation. This rehabilitation involves massive capital outlay. For
example, the 1983 landslide at Utah in the United States resulted in
rehabilitation cost of about $500 million. The annual loss as a result of
landslides in U.S. stands at an estimated $1.5 billion. 2.
2.Decimation of infrastructure
The force flow of mud, debris, and rocks as a result of a landslide can
cause serious damage to property. Infrastructure such as roads, railways,
leisure destinations, buildings and communication systems can be
decimated by a single landslide.
3. Loss of life
Communities living at the foot of hills and mountains are at a greater risk
of death by landslides. A substantial landslide carries along huge rocks,
heavy debris and heavy soil with it. This kind of landslide has the capacity
to kills lots of people on impact. For instance, Landslides in the UK that
happened a few years ago caused rotation of debris that destroyed a
school and killed over 144 people including 116 school children aged
between 7 and 10 years. In a separate event, NBC News reported a
death toll of 21 people in the March 22, 2014, landslide in Oslo,
Washington.
4. Affects beauty of landscapes
The erosion left behind by landslides leaves behind rugged landscapes
that are unsightly. The pile of soil, rock and debris downhill can cover land
utilized by the community for agricultural or social purposes.
5. Impacts river ecosystems
The soil, debris, and rock sliding downhill can find way into rivers and
block their natural flow. Many river habitats like fish can die due to
interference of natural flow of water. Communities depending on the river
water for household activities and irrigation will suffer if flow of water is
blocked.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO RESCUE PEOPLE :

1. The landslide was first noticed by a bus driver who drove by the area and saw
that the village had been overrun with mud and earth.
2. Emergency services, including 378 personnel of the National Disaster
Response Force, were mobilised to the area, and 8 victims had been rescued
from the landslide prior to the evening of 30 July.
3. Nevertheless, rescue efforts had been hampered by poor road conditions and
continuing rains.
4. Authorities have also expressed pessimism about the possibility of recovering
any of the trapped people alive. As of 31 July, 22 people had been rescued
alive from the landslide.
5. On 4 August, the survivors of the landslide were ordered by the district
administration to move out of Malin.
6. Apart from the Security Forces, members of voluntary organisations and locals
also helped in rescue operations. On 7 August, rescue operations officially
drew to a close, with the final death toll estimate resting at 151
7. Office of Prime Minister of India released a statement in response to the
landslide, in which they "condoled the loss of lives in the landslide and
directed all possible efforts to help the affected people.
8. Chief of the Nationalist Congress Party, Sharad Pawar, dubbed the landslide
"unfortunate", and tweeted that "We have many villages located beneath
hillocks. This incident has alarmed us to rethink about such villages.
9. The CPIM demanded a "time bound enquiry into the true causes of this
disaster"
These were the preventive measures carried out by people to make
maline redevelop and secure people .
TIMELINE OF LANDSLIDE :
 The landslide occurred on 30 July 2014. The early morning period
time when all the people in the village were sleeping. Almost most of
the village died in this short period of accident and have to lose their
life.
 The landslide, which hit early in the morning while residents were
asleep, was believed to have been caused by a burst of heavy
rainfall, and killed at least 151 people.
 The landslide was first noticed by a bus driver who drove by the area and saw
that the village had been overrun with mud and earth.
 In addition to those dead, more than 160 people, and possibly up to 200, were
believed to have been buried in the landslide in 44 separate houses.
 Rains continued after the landslide making rescue efforts difficult. It took all
over 5 days to fully rescue and clean up the village .

MALIN VILLAGE BEFORE LANDSLIDE

Malin village after landslide

CONCLUSION :

1. Landslides occur when masses of rock, earth or debris move down a

slope.
2. The primary criteria that influence landslides are precipitation
intensity, slope, soil type, elevation, vegetation, and land cover type.
3. Mudslides usually begin on steep slopes and develop when water
rapidly collects in the ground and results in a surge of water-soaked
rock, earth and debris.
4. The villages should be placed away from mountain ranges to avoid
further accident in future.
5. To be reliable or simply useful, the prediction map must also be
appropriately validated. The study should be done at the ranges with
high rainfall.
6. Heavy rainfall areas in mountainous areas should be warned or
should be shifted to different location.
7. The fact that the slope degree of 60 had the greatest displacement of
about 26 inches compared to that of the 30 or 90 degrees and the
precipitation at a constant of 45 degrees, had shown that it would
have a more severe impact on the house when the landslide is
happening in terms of relocation and potential flooding and damage.