MODULE 2: Current and Voltage Transformers

LECTURE 9: VT Tutorial

MEP 313 : FAULT PROTECTION FOR POWER SYSTEM

9.1 What is a CCVT
Capacitor Voltage Transformers convert transmission class voltages to standardized low and easily
measurable values, which are used for metering, protection and control of the high voltage system.
As such, the need for accurate and reliable voltage transformation is essential. Additionally,
Capacitor Voltage Transformers serve as coupling capacitors for coupling high frequency power line
carrier signals to the transmission line.

MEP 313 : FAULT PROTECTION FOR POWER SYSTEM

9.1 What is a CCVT
Potential transformers and coupling capacitor voltage transformers (CCVT's) have been
used successfully for providing voltage to the inputs of meters and relays since the 1960's. At
voltage levels above 138kV economics dictate that CCVT's be used to provide secondary voltages to
relays. As we'll see later CCVT's consist of a capacitive voltage divider along with a step down
transformer and other associated equipment. Placing capacitance in series and shunt to the natural
inductance of the power system leads to resonant circuits and RC time constants that affect the
faithful reproduction of the primary voltage on the output terminals of the CCVT. These transients
weren't a problem for electromechanical relays, but with the advent of faster solid state relays and
modern microprocessor relays CCVT transients became a problem that needed attention.

MEP 313 : FAULT PROTECTION FOR POWER SYSTEM

At tuning frequency,
Example 2:
The equivalent circuit of a CCVT is shown in fig 9.4. The values of C1 and C2 are 0.0018µF and
0.0186µF respectively. Tuning inductor has an inductance of 497H and resistance of 4620 Ω. Xm of
the VT referred to 6.6 kV side is 1M Ω, core loss = 20 watts per phase, VA burden = 150VA per
phase. Value of Cm for compensating the current drawn by Xm is equal to 3.183 x 10-9F.
REFERENCES:
• http://voltage-disturbance.com/pt-ratio-calculation/
• http://voltage-disturbance.com/power-engineering/potential-transformer-accuracy/
• https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2011/04/16/current-transformer/
• http://ewh.ieee.org/r3/orlando/pes/CT4_4IEEE.ppt
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6201217

MEP 313 : FAULT PROTECTION FOR POWER SYSTEM